1,721,112 research outputs found
What is it like to study for an undergraduate degree in India? Some potential implications for the transition into taught postgraduate programmes abroad
No full textThe demise of 'the firm' and the impact on apprenticeship style learning in the UK context
No full text‘The firm’ is ubiquitous within clinical teaching in the UK context – it is the key mechanism and organisational unit for apprenticeship style learning for undergraduate medical students and junior doctors. Despite its centrality within medical education, it has rarely attracted sociological scrutiny. Medical staff, in particular, tend to take ‘the firm’ for granted, for they themselves have undergone training within it. The term and its usage, however, effectively hide historical, speciality and local variations of ‘the firm’ and mask the way in which the concept and its real life organisational practices have changed over time [1].Within the medical education literature, clinical attachments have received relatively little scrutiny [2]. Bleakley attributes this to the prevalence of “the psychological model of pedagogy that focuses upon transmission of knowledge and skills from one individual to another” ([2], p.9). Social scientist have sought to highlight the social and contextual dimensions of learning [3] and the importance of informal and implicit aspects of the ‘hidden curriculum’ that are oftentimes more powerful than the ‘manifest’ or official curriculum [4], [5].What is important to note is that the apprenticeship model does not solely or primarily depend on explicit instruction. Rather, knowledge is (also) transmitted through informal learning that relies on time spent together (context, shared language and experiences, observation, implicit rather than direct communication) and the formation of relationships of trust (that allows for mutual dependability and support) which in turn facilitate – or hinder – the transmission of how things are done in a particular set up [6]. The hierarchical nature of the firm is also likely to have given rise to some forms of exploitation. As noted above, the nature of ‘the firm’ remains under-researched – historically and in its current (and relatively recent) form.Through various changes in the NHS and the phased introduction of the European Working Time Directive medical firm structures are currently in flux and some argue that they have become eroded [7]. Medical schools and deaneries (in charge of postgraduate training) throughout the UK are struggling to identify ways to address these changes, especially in terms of the firm’s educational function.The presentation is based on interview data with clinical teachers who have trained and worked in firm structures throughout their careers. Our analysis of this data will seek to define what ‘the firm’ was in the context of different specialties and it traces its development (or demise). Without an appreciation of how ‘the firm’ operated in terms of benefits and disadvantages to the various stakeholders and how it developed over time – as a work unit and as site and mechanism for teaching / training – any account of current changes will be severely limited, as will attempts to design new ways of working and teaching to make up for its dissolution
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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