58 research outputs found
Inclusive jet production in proton-proton and copper-gold collisions at sqrt(s_{NN}) = 200 GeV
No full textJets are a dominant feature of high energy particle interactions and can be interpreted in terms of the fragmentation of quarks and gluons produced in a hard scattering process. Jets provide important tools for studying hot and dense Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) matter that is created in high energy collisions of heavy nuclei. In heavy ion collisions, such as Cu+Au, large transverse momentum partons traverse the colored Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) medium and lose energy which modifies the jet structure relative to jets generated in the vacuum.
Jet production in relativistic heavy ion collisions is investigated using the Cu+Au collisions at sqrt(s_{NN}) = 200 GeV. The measurements reported here utilize 200 GeV Cu+Au and p+p data recorded by the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in 2012 RHIC running period. Jets are reconstructed from charged particles and electromagnetic calorimeter clusters using the anti-kt algorithm with R = 0.2.
Inclusive, centrality-dependent jet yields within absolute pseudorapidity < 0.35 and 12.0 < p_{T} < 42.0 GeV/c are presented. The jet yield in Cu+Au collisions relative to the geometric expectation is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the most central events, nearly independent of the jet p_{T}. These results are compared with theoretical calculations with implications for sensitivity to the parton energy loss models in heavy ion collisions.</p
Factors affecting the pricing in the mobile operator business
No full textTitel: Faktorer som påverkar mobiloperatörernas prissättning Författare: Bodil Arbin, Lars Holmberg Handledare: Anders Hederstierna Institution: Managementhögskolan, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola Kurs: Kandidatarbete i företagsekonomi, 10 poäng Syfte: Fastställa de faktorer som ligger till grund för operatörernas val av prissättningsmetod på olika tjänster Metod: Vi har gjort en fallstudie på en mobiloperatör, där vi använt oss av en halvstrukturerad intervjumetod. Slutsats: Prissättningen av mobila tjänster präglas av komplexa fenomen och överväganden vilket gör det svårt att penetrera. Beroende på om det är en ny eller befintlig tjänst tillämpar operatören till största del antingen en kostnads- eller marknadsbaserad prissättning där konkurrensen har stor inverkan på priset. Marknadsbaserad prissättning tillämpas i huvudsak när det gäller befintliga tjänster eftersom man då har kunskap om kunden och dennes betalningsvilja. När det gäller nya tjänster använder sig operatören i huvudsak av kostnadsbaserad prissättning eftersom tjänsten genomgår en beslutsprocess om den är lönsam eller inte och om den skall lanseras. Nyckelord: Mobiloperatörer, kostnads- och marknadsbaserad prissättning, konkurrens.Title: Factors affecting the pricing in the mobile operator business. Author: Bodil Arbin, Lars Holmberg Supervisor: Anders Hederstierna Department: School of Management, Blekinge Institute of Technology Course: Bachelor´s thesis in Business Administration, 10 credits Purpose: Establish the factors that underlie the operator’s choice of pricing methods of different services. Method: We have done a case study of a mobile operator, where we used a half structured interview method. Results: The pricing of the industry is characterized of complex phenomenon and considerations which make it hard to penetrate. Depending on whether it is a new or existing product the operator apply mostly cost based or market based pricing where the competition has a big impact of the price. The company use mainly a market based pricing at existing services, because they already got information about the costumer and their willingness to pay. They use mainly a cost based pricing where the services undergo a process of decision if they are profitable and whether they are going to be launched or not. Key word: Mobile operators, cost- and market based pricing, competition
Energy Calibration of a Van de Graaff Accelerator
No full textMNSU\u27s Van de Graaff accelerator accelerates ionic particles to high speeds and controls their motion. Manufactured by High Voltage Engineering Corporation, the Van de Graaff Accelerator was brought to our university in 1972. After running for 20 years, the operation was discontinued in 1992. In 2006, a project was started to get the accelerator back in running order. We have been successful rebuilding this 400 kV accelerator using the components acquired fi*om an identical machine decommissioned at St. Cloud State University. The primary components have been reassembled, the damaged components and electronics have been repaired and replaced, the vacuum system has been assembled and tested, the ion source controls have been optimized, and the operational safety/interlock systems have been completed and verified. After recent verification of beam current, we have improved beam dynamics and stability to a point where we can run for extended periods of time. The addition of dipole magnet has allowed us to refine energy selection, energy control and particle identification. The main objective of this project was to perform the absolute energy calibration by using the characteristic resonances at 224 and 340 keV fi\u27om the \u27^F(p,aY)0\u27^ reaction
Bringing a Van de Graaff Accelerator to Life
No full textA particle accelerator is a device that is used to create energetic beams of charged particles, such as protons or deuterons: These expensive and complex machines have been essential to modem nuclear physics since the early 20th century, and have been applied to a wide range of disciplines from engineering to medicine.
The Physics department at MSU-Mankato acquired a 400kV accelerator in 1972. The machine, the AN-400 manufactured by High Voltage Engineering, served numerous researchers and students for nearly 20 years. The machine was partially dismantled and stored in its dedicated shielded vault since that time.
The goal of this project, started in 2006, is to completely rebuild the accelerator, using both the original system and spare parts from a decommissioned accelerator from St. Cloud State, and to improve it\u27s capabilities beyond what was available previously. Work was done to rebuild the interior electrical and mechanical systems, and repair the control wiring and components that had been previously damaged. Though the desired vacuum throughout the machine has not yet been reached, there has been success in lighting the ion source plasma as well as eliminating the excessive sparking that had previously been observed. We continue to work on improving the pressure along with the beam regulation, control system, and the ion source tuning. Once basic operation has been established the accelerator will be evaluated using a variety of classical physics experiments, such as Rutherford scattering of proton beams and nuclear reaction studies. We are hoping, its operation in our university will build a step towards a much desired onsite applied nuclear science program
Cult: A Composite Novel
No full textCult (redacted)
The first component of the thesis is a composite novel called Cult which falls into two parts with seven narratives in each. Part 1 tracks the protagonist, Ellen, from her first involvement with the cult through to her eventually leaving it. Although fiction, the first half of the book answers the kinds of questions the author is asked when people discover that she was once a sannyasin (a follower of the guru Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh). While the experiences of meditation, group therapy and communal living are all faithfully rendered within the stories, the need for strong characters, narrative drive and a lightness of touch takes precedence.
Part 2 picks up Ellen’s story some twenty or so years later and explores what becomes of her in middle age. It also looks at other groups in society, such as academia, the law and the internet dating community which each have their own jargon, hierarchies, rituals and rules but are not considered to be cults.
The book examines the question raised in the Epigraph, ‘how do we be together when we feel so alone’ with a focus on relationships other than the familial and the romantic.
Collisions, Chasms and Connections: a Performative Exploration of the Composite Novel Form
The second part of the thesis is both a critical and creative response to three contemporary American books: Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout; A Visit from the Goon Squad by Jennifer Egan; and Legend of a Suicide by David Vann. The critical element comprises a close reading of the three books; a chronological reconstruction of their overarching storylines; and a consideration of what their authors have said about writing the books. It concludes that, in the composite novel, the simultaneous presentation of multiple views and storylines operate much like a 3D image to give the impression of depth to the characters and situations rendered. The creative element of the essay is a playful and personal response to the texts
Synthesis and characterization of lithium-ion cathode materials in the system (1-x-y)LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 ∙ xLi2MnO3 ∙ yLiCoO2
No full text2012 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.Considering various technologies for storing energy the usage of lithium (Li) - ion batteries still stands as one of the most promising options, especially for the on-going huge demand for electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles. The main limiting factor in the performance of a Li-ion battery is the cathode material. The current cathode material that is being used in the present market is LiCoO2 cathode which is effective but is expensive and toxic. The objective of this thesis is to find a cathode material which is advantageous and a probable replacement for LiCoO2. Based on the previously studied work on ternary solid solutions and its advantages, this system (1-x-y)LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2•xLi2MnO3•yLiCoO2 was chosen. This was made using a ternary composition diagram which is a combination of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2, Li2MnO3 and LiCoO2 materials. Points inside the ternary diagram were chosen in an arrangement conducive to mathematical modeling and compositions of the cathodes were processed accordingly. All the 28 samples in the system were synthesized using the sol-gel method, each sample was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) scans and electrochemical testing was performed by using an Arbin BT2000 battery testing system with MITS Pro Arbin software. The XRD results showed that all the samples established a α-NaFeO2 structure and a space group of R3m with varying degrees of purity in the crystal structure. The compounds in this system showed fairly consistent charge/ discharge curves during the electrochemical testing with initial discharge capacities varying from 122mAh/g to 240mAh/g and high capacity compositions were found in the region of high Li2MnO3 content. The highest capacity found was Li1.222Mn0.5Ni.056Co0.222O2 composition with a discharge capacity of 242mAh/gin the voltage range 4.6 - 2V at a C/15 rate. A statistical based analysis was carried out using JMP version 7.0.1 with the design of experiments (DOE) procedure for a mixture design to find variations in capacity and cyclability trends over the composition triangle. Inductively couple plasma (ICP) analysis was carried out on 4 samples which were found to be most promising basing on the statistical analysis. ICP results confirmed the formation of optimum compositions for the specified synthesis conditions. All these 4 samples were synthesized and tested again to confirm consistent performance across repeat samples. XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) was conducted for these samples to determine the chemical environment of transition metals. The composition with the highest capacity was found to be Li1.222Mn0.5Ni0.056Co0.222O2 electrode. Its high capacity is attributed to the Ni+2/Ni+4 and Co+3/Co+4 red-ox couple and the Li-ion extraction form Li2MnO3 at a voltage >4.5V which results in an extended discharge profile. This cathode composition is very promising because it shows high capacity and good cyclability, and would be much cheaper than conventional LiCoO2 cathodes since it has more manganese which is less expensive than cobalt
Synthesis and characterization of lithium-ion cathode materials in the system (1-x-y) LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2.xLi2MnO3.yLiCoO2
No full text2013 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.Energy storage technology has been dominated by lithium ion batteries, which are considered the most promising with higher energy density compared to any other battery technologies. The market for lithium ion batteries has increased rapidly from 2007. Goals set by the U.S Department of Energy for hybrid electric vehicles have not been met by any of the existing cathode materials. The objective of this thesis was to find a material composition that has better cyclability and lower cost than the standard battery materials. A ternary composition with low cost materials like Al, Mn and Ni were used instead of high amounts of Co to reduce the cost of the battery. It was hypothesized that there are cathode compositions in the system (1-x-y) LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2.xLi2MnO3.yLiCoO2 that when tested for discharge capacities and cyclability will show better properties than the current generation lithium ion cathode materials. The system (1-x-y) LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2.xLi2MnO3.yLiCoO2 is synthesized using a simple sol-gel synthesis. The materials LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, Li2MnO3 and LiCoO2 were used as end points in a ternary composition diagram. Twenty eight cathode compositions spanning the entire ternary composition diagram were synthesized under the same conditions and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and an Arbin BT2000 battery testing system. XRD results showed α-NaFeO2 structure with a space group of R3m. The results from electrochemical testing revealed a wide range of electrochemical capacities and cyclabilities. The regions close to Li2MnO3 showed high capacities and cyclability. The material with composition Li1.5 Ni0.133Co0.358Al0.008Mn0.5 had an initial discharge capacity of 216.3 mAh/g and retained this capacity even after multiple cycles in the voltage range of 4.6-2 V at a rate of C/15. Statistical analysis was done using SAS/STAT 9.2 with the ADX procedure to fit a general linear model with three linear terms and three two way interactions to map capacities and cyclabilities. This analysis was used to choose the compositions with best capacities and cyclability. Inductively couple plasma (ICP) analysis was carried out on the chosen samples to find the error between calculated composition and the theoretical composition. XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) was conducted for the chosen samples and the oxidation states of the elements were determined. The material with composition Li1.5 Ni0.133Co0.358Al0.008Mn0.5 was found to be the promising material for commercialization. Before going into the market additional changes like synthesis conditions and surface treatments should be conducted on the material
Konsumenters Respons på Etiska Skandaler: En Undersökning av Varumärkesbild och Köpavsikt
No full textSammanfattning Titel: Konsumenters Respons på Etiska Skandaler: En Undersökning av Varumärkesbild och Köpavsikt. Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Busara Surapee och William von Sicard Handledare: Katarina Arbin Datum: 2024 – januari Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att belysa etiska skandalers påverkan på konsumenternas köpavsikt och varumärkesuppfattningar. Metod: I detta arbete har vi tillämpat en deduktiv metod och genomfört en kvantitativ undersökning. Informationen för studien har samlats in genom enkäter distribuerade via olika sociala plattformar. Sammanlagt inkom 102 enkätsvar, vilka kodades och analyserades med stöd av statistikprogrammet SPSS. Resultat och slutsats: I studiens resultat framkommer att allvarlighetsgraden inte hade någon signifikant påverkan vare sig på varumärkesbild eller köpavsikt. Däremot visade studien att varumärkesbild har en påtaglig effekt på köpavsikten. Detta ger insikter om betydelsen av varumärkesbild och dess koppling till konsumentens köpbeslut. Examensarbetets bidrag: Den teoretiska bidraget av studien ligger i att fördjupa förståelsen för hur etiska skandaler påverkar konsumenternas köpavsikt och varumärkesuppfattningar. Resultaten visar att endast varumärkesbilden påverkar köpavsikten, vilket kontrasterar med andra studier. På praktisk nivå ger studien insikter för varumärken om sambandet mellan varumärkesbild och konsumentens köpavsikt efter en etisk skandal. Företag kan dra nytta av att fokusera på att förbättra varumärkesbilden för att minimera påverkan på köpavsikten, oavsett allvarlighetsgrad på etiska skandaler. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: För vidare forskning föreslås att inkludera fler företag inom klädbranschen för en bredare förståelse av variablernas effekt. En jämförelse över olika branscher och kulturer skulle ge insikter om variablernas allmängiltighet. Dessutom kan framtida studier överväga att utvidga studiens modell med andra variabler för att utforska potentiella förändringar i resultaten. Nyckelord: Etiska skandaler, Konsumentbeteende, Varumärkesbild, Köpavsikt, Allvarlighetsgrad på skandalen. Abstract Title: Consumer Response to Ethical Scandals: An Examination of Brand Image and Purchase Intention. Level: Bachelor's degree thesis in business administration Author: Busara Surapee and William von Sicard Supervisor: Katarina Arbin Date: 2024 – january Aim: The purpose of this study is to highlight the impact of ethical scandals on consumers' purchase intention and brand perceptions. Method: In this work, we have applied a deductive method and carried out a quantitative investigation. The information for the study has been collected through surveys distributed via various social platforms. A total of 102 survey responses were received, which were coded and analyzed with the support of the statistical program SPSS. Results and conclusions: In the results of the study, it appears that the degree of severity had no significant impact on either brand image or purchase intention. However, the study showed that brand image has a tangible effect on purchase intention. This provides insights into the importance of brand image and its connection to consumer purchase decisions. Contribution of the thesis: The theoretical contribution of the study lies in deepening the understanding of how ethical scandals affect consumers' purchase intention and brand perceptions. The results show that only brand image affects purchase intention, which contrasts with other studies. On a practical level, the study provides insights for brands on the relationship between brand image and consumer purchase intention following an ethical scandal. Companies can benefit from focusing on improving brand image to minimize the impact on purchase intent, regardless of the severity of ethical scandals. Suggestions for future research: For further research, it is suggested to include more companies in the clothing industry for a broader understanding of the effect of the variables. A comparison across different industries and cultures would provide insights into the general validity of the variables. Additionally, future studies may consider expanding the study's model with other variables to explore potential changes in the results. Key words: Ethical scandals, Consumer behavior, Brand image, Purchase intention, Severity of the scandal
Konsumenters Respons på Etiska Skandaler: En Undersökning av Varumärkesbild och Köpavsikt
No full textSammanfattning Titel: Konsumenters Respons på Etiska Skandaler: En Undersökning av Varumärkesbild och Köpavsikt. Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Busara Surapee och William von Sicard Handledare: Katarina Arbin Datum: 2024 – januari Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att belysa etiska skandalers påverkan på konsumenternas köpavsikt och varumärkesuppfattningar. Metod: I detta arbete har vi tillämpat en deduktiv metod och genomfört en kvantitativ undersökning. Informationen för studien har samlats in genom enkäter distribuerade via olika sociala plattformar. Sammanlagt inkom 102 enkätsvar, vilka kodades och analyserades med stöd av statistikprogrammet SPSS. Resultat och slutsats: I studiens resultat framkommer att allvarlighetsgraden inte hade någon signifikant påverkan vare sig på varumärkesbild eller köpavsikt. Däremot visade studien att varumärkesbild har en påtaglig effekt på köpavsikten. Detta ger insikter om betydelsen av varumärkesbild och dess koppling till konsumentens köpbeslut. Examensarbetets bidrag: Den teoretiska bidraget av studien ligger i att fördjupa förståelsen för hur etiska skandaler påverkar konsumenternas köpavsikt och varumärkesuppfattningar. Resultaten visar att endast varumärkesbilden påverkar köpavsikten, vilket kontrasterar med andra studier. På praktisk nivå ger studien insikter för varumärken om sambandet mellan varumärkesbild och konsumentens köpavsikt efter en etisk skandal. Företag kan dra nytta av att fokusera på att förbättra varumärkesbilden för att minimera påverkan på köpavsikten, oavsett allvarlighetsgrad på etiska skandaler. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: För vidare forskning föreslås att inkludera fler företag inom klädbranschen för en bredare förståelse av variablernas effekt. En jämförelse över olika branscher och kulturer skulle ge insikter om variablernas allmängiltighet. Dessutom kan framtida studier överväga att utvidga studiens modell med andra variabler för att utforska potentiella förändringar i resultaten. Nyckelord: Etiska skandaler, Konsumentbeteende, Varumärkesbild, Köpavsikt, Allvarlighetsgrad på skandalen. Abstract Title: Consumer Response to Ethical Scandals: An Examination of Brand Image and Purchase Intention. Level: Bachelor's degree thesis in business administration Author: Busara Surapee and William von Sicard Supervisor: Katarina Arbin Date: 2024 – january Aim: The purpose of this study is to highlight the impact of ethical scandals on consumers' purchase intention and brand perceptions. Method: In this work, we have applied a deductive method and carried out a quantitative investigation. The information for the study has been collected through surveys distributed via various social platforms. A total of 102 survey responses were received, which were coded and analyzed with the support of the statistical program SPSS. Results and conclusions: In the results of the study, it appears that the degree of severity had no significant impact on either brand image or purchase intention. However, the study showed that brand image has a tangible effect on purchase intention. This provides insights into the importance of brand image and its connection to consumer purchase decisions. Contribution of the thesis: The theoretical contribution of the study lies in deepening the understanding of how ethical scandals affect consumers' purchase intention and brand perceptions. The results show that only brand image affects purchase intention, which contrasts with other studies. On a practical level, the study provides insights for brands on the relationship between brand image and consumer purchase intention following an ethical scandal. Companies can benefit from focusing on improving brand image to minimize the impact on purchase intent, regardless of the severity of ethical scandals. Suggestions for future research: For further research, it is suggested to include more companies in the clothing industry for a broader understanding of the effect of the variables. A comparison across different industries and cultures would provide insights into the general validity of the variables. Additionally, future studies may consider expanding the study's model with other variables to explore potential changes in the results. Key words: Ethical scandals, Consumer behavior, Brand image, Purchase intention, Severity of the scandal
The quest for a molecular capsule assembled via halogen bonds
No full textA halogen-bonded capsule is obtained via directed assembly of a rigid tetra(3-pyridyl) cavitand and a flexible tetra(4-iodotetrafluorophenyl) calix[4]arene. The pyridyl nitrogen atoms from one cavitand molecule interact with the iodine atoms of a single
calixarene molecule through short and directional I…N halogen bonds. The flexibility of the ethylenedioxy moieties on the calixarene platform results in positional flexibility of the
iodotetrafluorobenzene sites which, coupled with a supramolecular chelating effect, allow for an effective partner-induced geometric fitting between four nitrogen atoms on the cavitand and four iodine atoms on the calixarene
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