177,147 research outputs found
Ecolabel e piastrelle di ceramica. Linee guida per la presentazione della domanda e la concessione del marchio ecolabel ai "Materiali duri per pavimentazione" - Piastrelle di ceramica
No full textCeramic Industry Air Quality. Emissions Into the Atmosphere From Ceramic Tile Processes
No full textThe subject of this chapter, air quality associated to the ceramic tile industry, represents a very interesting ‘real scenario’ in the framework of the whole volume. The reasons can be summarised in this way: (1) the ceramic tile technology includes several significant pollutant emissions into the atmosphere and (2) ceramic industry has generated – although many years ago and in rather small industrial areas, characterised by large concentrations of factories – some air quality problems. The Ceramic District of Sassuolo, Italy, can be considered as a significant example of such industrial areas and represents the main reference adopted in this chapter. Another ‘ceramic district’ is that of Castellón, Spain, which however is quite different as regards significant factors influencing air quality: factors such as territory, orography, climate, meteorological conditions, urban and industrial settlements and density, road system and traffic, etc. With reference to the Italian ceramic tile industry, this chapter deals with the description and quantification of emissions into the atmosphere from ceramic industries and aims to document the approach adopted, the resources used and the knowledge developed, to drastically reduce the environmental impact of these emissions on air quality. This objective has been successfully achieved, at the point that, in particular, the Italian ceramic tile sector is still working, in the framework of a continuous improvement approach, on its environmental performances, as well as on the exploitation of the results achieved as competitiveness factors
Product Category Rules definition in the International EPD Framework: Ceramic Tile case study
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Non destructive techniques to characterise the microstructure of ceramic tiles: Magnetic Resonance Relaxation and Imagining
No full textMagnetic resonance relaxation (MRR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of water 1H nuclei confined in high-surface-to-volume ratio systems are important tools to investigate pore-space properties such as connected porosity and pore-size distribution in a non-destructive way. In the present work, MRR and MRI techniques were applied to study the microstructure of ceramic materials used for the production of tiles, with different compositions and fired at different temperatures, in terms of porosity distribution and pore-size distribution. Relaxation analysis of samples saturated with water gave a clear characterisation of the pore space of the materials, with high resolution power. Actually, the decay of the nuclear magnetization was turned into pore-size distribution, the relaxation rates depending on local surface-to-volume ratios. MRI has been applied to visualize in a non-destructive way internal sections of ceramics saturated with water, in order to check the spatial homogeneity. It was also possible
to evaluate parameters connected to the local structure in the inside regions. The effects of different firing temperatures and compositions were distinguished. The results were compared with microstructural studies carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). SEM analysis confirmed the outcomes of MRR and MRI, and the comparison with MIP made it clear that a higher temperature allows the formation of larger pores connected by smaller channels. MRR and MRI proved to be particularly useful to assess, in a non-destructive way, the effects of different fluxes on the final microstructures
NMR techniques: A non-destructive analysis to follow microstructural changes induced in ceramics
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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