91 research outputs found
Pulmonary Macrophages
No full textMacrophage populations residing in different anatomical compartments contribute to tissue homeostasis and immunity in the healthy lung. Alveolar macrophages turn over lung surfactant, remove cellular debris, and act as the first line defense against inhaled microbes. Other pulmonary macrophages initiate antigen-specific immune responses and perform tissue remodeling. Together with the tissue microenvironment, cellular origin shapes pulmonary macrophage heterogeneity and function. Pulmonary macrophages also play central roles in lung injury, inflammation, and fibrosis, underlying important lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
A molecular study of human CD8 T cell memory
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Oxysterol Sensing through the Receptor GPR183 Promotes the Lymphoid-Tissue-Inducing Function of Innate Lymphoid Cells and Colonic Inflammation
No full textGroup 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) sense environmental signals and are critical for tissue integrity in the intestine. Yet, which signals are sensed and what receptors control ILC3 function remain poorly
understood. Here, we show that ILC3s with a lymphoid-tissue-inducer (LTi) phenotype expressed G-protein-coupled receptor 183 (GPR183) and migrated to its oxysterol ligand 7a,25-hydroxycholesterol (7a,25-OHC). In mice lacking Gpr183 or 7a,25-OHC, ILC3s failed to localize to cryptopatches (CPs) and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs). Gpr183 deficiency in ILC3s caused a defect in CP and ILF formation in the colon, but not in the small intestine. Localized oxysterol production by fibroblastic stromal cells provided an essential signal for colonic lymphoid tissue development, and inflammationinduced increased oxysterol production caused colitis through GPR183-mediated cell recruitment. Our findings show that GPR183 promotes lymphoid organ development and indicate that oxysterolGPR183-dependent positioning within tissues controls ILC3 activity and intestinal homeostasis.Depto. de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORLFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu
Distinct developmental pathways from blood monocytes generate human lung macrophage diversity
No full textRNA-sequencing data sets
(1) Single-cell RNA-sequencing data of human lung myeloid cells from
MISTRG mice on day 21 post-transplantation with human CD34⁺ cells
(2) Single-cell RNA-sequencing data of human lung myeloid cells from
MISTRG mice on day 36 post-transplantation with human CD34⁺ cells
(3)
Bulk RNA-sequencing data of human intravascular monocytes, intravascular
macrophages, and extravascular macrophages from the lungs of MISTRG mice
engrafted with human CD34⁺ cells
Data collection methodsSee Resource DOI
Publication abstractThe study of human macrophages and their ontogeny is an important
unresolved issue. Here, we use a humanized mouse model expressing human
cytokines to dissect the development of lung macrophages from human
hematopoiesis in vivo. Human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
(HSPCs) generated three macrophage populations, occupying separate anatomical
niches in the lung. Intravascular cell labeling, cell transplantation, and
fate-mapping studies established that classical CD14+ blood monocytes derived
from HSPCs migrated into lung tissue and gave rise to human interstitial and
alveolar macrophages. In contrast, non-classical CD16+ blood monocytes
preferentially generated macrophages resident in the lung vasculature
(pulmonary intravascular macrophages). Finally, single-cell RNA-sequencing defined
intermediate differentiation stages in human lung macrophage development from
blood monocytes. This study identifies distinct developmental pathways from circulating monocytes to lung macrophages and reveals how cellular
origin contributes to human macrophage identity, diversity, and localization in
vivo
Corrigendum: Azole-resistance in aspergillus terreusand related species: An emerging problem or a rare phenomenon? (Frontiers in Microbiology (2018) 9 (516) DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00516)
No full textRaquel Sabino was not included as an author in the published article. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated. © 2019 Zoran, Sartori, Sappl, Aigner, Sánchez-Reus, Rezusta, Chowdhary, Taj-Aldeen, Arendrup, Oliveri, Kontoyiannis, Alastruey-Izquierdo, Lagrou, Lo Cascio, Meis, Buzina, Farina, Drogari-Apiranthitou, Grancini, Tortorano, Willinger, Hamprecht, Johnson, Klingspor, Arsic-Arsenijevic, Cornely, Meletiadis, Prammer, Tullio, Vehreschild, Trovato, Lewis, Segal, Rath, Hamal, Rodriguez-Iglesias, Roilides, Arikan-Akdagli, Chakrabarti, Colombo, Fernández, Martin-Gomez, Badali, Petrikkos, Klimko, Heimann, Uzun, Roudbary, de la Fuente, Houbraken, Risslegger, Sabino, Lass-Flörl and Lackner
Corrigendum: Azole-resistance in aspergillus terreusand related species: An emerging problem or a rare phenomenon? (Frontiers in Microbiology (2018) 9 (516) DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00516)
No full textRaquel Sabino was not included as an author in the published article. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated. © 2019 Zoran, Sartori, Sappl, Aigner, Sánchez-Reus, Rezusta, Chowdhary, Taj-Aldeen, Arendrup, Oliveri, Kontoyiannis, Alastruey-Izquierdo, Lagrou, Lo Cascio, Meis, Buzina, Farina, Drogari-Apiranthitou, Grancini, Tortorano, Willinger, Hamprecht, Johnson, Klingspor, Arsic-Arsenijevic, Cornely, Meletiadis, Prammer, Tullio, Vehreschild, Trovato, Lewis, Segal, Rath, Hamal, Rodriguez-Iglesias, Roilides, Arikan-Akdagli, Chakrabarti, Colombo, Fernández, Martin-Gomez, Badali, Petrikkos, Klimko, Heimann, Uzun, Roudbary, de la Fuente, Houbraken, Risslegger, Sabino, Lass-Flörl and Lackner
ESCaping Rejection: A Step Forward for Embryonic-Stem-Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine
No full textThe use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) for regenerative medicine currently faces several hurdles, including immune rejection of transplanted cells. Now in Cell Stem Cell, Rong et al. (2014) describe a strategy to protect hESCs from immune rejection while avoiding systemic immunosuppression, potentially facilitating clinical implementation of hESC-based therapies
Fluid dynamic calculation of a small two-shaft gas turbine and development of a power control unit
No full textIm Besitz des Autors befinden sich zwei Kleingasturbinen des Typs Rover 2S/150 aus dem Jahr 1965. Diese zweiwelligen Maschinen sind für den Betrieb bei konstanten Drehzahlen ausgelegt. Für die geplante Anwendung als Fahrzeugantrieb beziehungsweise als Prüfstandmaschine soll eine Leistungssteuerungseinrichtung entwickelt werden. Von den Maschinen sind nur wenige Strömungsgrößen bekannt, wie der maximale Massenstrom und die maximalen Turbinenaustritts- und eintrittstemperaturen. Bei einer Revision der Maschinen wurden alle relevanten geometrischen Größen aufgenommen. Mit diesen Abmessungen und den bekannten Daten der Strömung wurde eine eindimensionale Strömungsberechnung durchgeführt. Das Ergebnis sind Geschwindigkeitsdreiecke für den Verdichter, die Gasgeneratorturbine und die Nutzleistungsturbine. Das Kraftstoffsystem wurde nach Herstellervorgaben auf Funktionstüchtigkeit geprüft. Anhand des erwarteten Brennstoffvolumenstroms wurde ein Nadelventil für die Steuerung der Kraftstoffmenge ausgewählt und als Regelventil des Rücklaufes getestet. Es wurde der minimal erforderliche Einspritzdruck ermittelt, bei dem es voraussichtlich zum Verlöschen der Flamme kommt. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse wurden für den realen Anwendungsfall als Kraftfahrzeugantrieb umgesetzt und in Fahrversuchen getestet.In the possession of the author are two small gas turbines made by Rover, type 2S/150. Those two-shaft engines are designed to run at constant speed. For the intended use as vehicle power plant and as laboratory test bed, a power control is to be developed. Little technical data are known about the fluid flow through the engines, such as the maximum mass flow and the maximum turbine inlet and outlet temperatures. During an overhaul of one of the engines, all relevant dimensions were recorded. Using the data collected as mentioned above, a one-dimensional flow calculation was performed. The results of this calculation are velocity triangles for the compressor, the gas generator turbine and the free power turbine. Using service guidelines from the manufacturer, the components of the fuel system were tested for their serviceability. For the purpose of controlling the fuel flow, a suitable needle valve was selected for the expected fuel mass flow and fitted into the low pressure return line. The minimum required fuel pressure to prevent the extinguishment of the flame was determined. The knowledge gained through the tests mentioned above was put into practice by fitting the developed power control unit to one engine. This gas turbine was then mounted into a car and subsequently road tested
Human naive CD8 T cells down-regulate expression of the WNT pathway transcription factors lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 and transcription factor 7 (T cell factor-1) following antigen encounter in vitro and in vivo
No full textThe transcription factors lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1) and transcription factor 7 (TCF7) (T cell factor-1 (TCF-1)) are downstream effectors of the WNT signaling pathway, which is a critical regulator of T cell development in the thymus. In this study, we show that LEF1 and TCF7 (TCF-1) are not only expressed in thymocytes, but also in mature T cells. Our data demonstrate that Ag encounter in vivo and engagement of the TCR or IL-15 receptor in vitro leads to the down-regulation of LEF1 and TCF7 (TCF-1) expression in human naive CD8 T cells. We further show that resting T cells preferentially express inhibitory LEF1 and TCF7 (TCF-1) isoforms and that T cell activation changes the isoform balance in favor of stimulatory TCF7 (TCF-1) isoforms. Altogether, our study suggests that proteins involved in the WNT signaling pathway not only regulate T cell development, but also peripheral T cell differentiation
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