495 research outputs found
Translation und Tradition: Überlegungen zur Übersetzung von Fachtexten der Klassischen Archäologie (Deutsch-Italienisch / Italienisch-Deutsch)
No full textThe article deals with the problems regarding the translation (German to Italian and vice versa) of specialised texts belonging to the field of Classical Archaeology. As in other humanities, archaeological texts can be supposed to show specific features, such as the use of ‘soft’ terminology, strong references to the ‘national’ scientific culture and/or a personal style of the author. A case study is to highlight what can be the risks for the reception if a higly creative German source text is completely adapted to Italian scientific register and style, changing its scientific context even as the relation between the author and the subject treated
Provenance-based trust for grid computing: Position Paper
No full textCurrent evolutions of Internet technology such as Web Services, ebXML, peer-to-peer and Grid computing all point to the development of large-scale open networks of diverse computing systems interacting with one another to perform tasks. Grid systems (and Web Services) are exemplary in this respect and are perhaps some of the first large-scale open computing systems to see widespread use - making them an important testing ground for problems in trust management which are likely to arise. From this perspective, today's grid architectures suffer from limitations, such as lack of a mechanism to trace results and lack of infrastructure to build up trust networks. These are important concerns in open grids, in which "community resources" are owned and managed by multiple stakeholders, and are dynamically organised in virtual organisations. Provenance enables users to trace how a particular result has been arrived at by identifying the individual services and the aggregation of services that produced such a particular output. Against this background, we present a research agenda to design, conceive and implement an industrial-strength open provenance architecture for grid systems. We motivate its use with three complex grid applications, namely aerospace engineering, organ transplant management and bioinformatics. Industrial-strength provenance support includes a scalable and secure architecture, an open proposal for standardising the protocols and data structures, a set of tools for configuring and using the provenance architecture, an open source reference implementation, and a deployment and validation in industrial context. The provision of such facilities will enrich grid capabilities by including new functionalities required for solving complex problems such as provenance data to provide complete audit trails of process execution and third-party analysis and auditing. As a result, we anticipate that a larger uptake of grid technology is likely to occur, since unprecedented possibilities will be offered to users and will give them a competitive edge
Ceraleurodicus Hempel
No full textCERALEURODICUS Hempel Ceraleurodicus Hempel, 1922 a: 6. Type species Ceraleurodicus splendidus, by monotypy. Radialeurodicus Bondar, 1922: 74. Type species Radialeurodicus cinereus, by subsequent designation. [Synonymised by Costa Lima, 1928: 137.] Parudamoselis Visnya, 1941: 4–5. Type species Parudamoselis kesselyaki, by monotypy. [Synonymised by Mound & Halsey, 1978: 238.] DIAGNOSIS AND COMMENTS. Amongst the genera of Aleurodicinae found in Belize, Ceraleurodicus has hitherto been particularly unsatisfactorily defined. As interpreted here, Ceraleurodicus comprises species with the following characters that separate them from species here transferred to Nealeurodicus Hempel (1922 b): normally 15 pairs of submarginal setae present, usually situated distant from puparial margin (Figs 67 a, 67 c, 82, 114) or, if setal bases closer to margin, setae only slightly extending beyond margin; with submarginal area planar, true margin almost smooth but submarginal sculpture giving appearance of laterallycontiguous teeth (Figs 67 c, 82), sometimes also with an apparent second rank of teeth submarginally; usually displaying marked asymmetry in puparial outline (Figs 17, 18, 20, 114) and often also in compound pore provision (Figs 17–20, 114); usually with nine pairs of rays [these were termed “peripheral intersegmental ridges” by Shcherbakov, 2000] leading mesad from puparial margin (Figs 20, 114); some rays have fine marginal serrations apically (Figs 67 c, 82) and finely spinulose apparent tracheal folds underlying them, ventrally. Additionally, the following characters are shared with those species here transferred to Nealeurodicus: with a single pair of submedian setae present on each thoracic segment, and usually also a cephalic pair; cicatrices absent from thorax (indicates absence of compound pores in thirdinstar); lingula normally included within the vasiform orifice (Figs 67 b, 83). See also comments on Nealeurodicus, p. 53. The author was able to reassess the synonymy of Radialeurodicus with Ceraleurodicus, proposed by Costa Lima (1928), through the examination of original material loaned courtesy of MZUSP. Despite the poor condition of the mountant on a probable syntype slide of each species the puparia do, indeed, appear to belong to the same species. However, the adults are definitely not conspecific. Bondar’s drawing of the fore wing of R. cinereus (1923 a: 16) clearly shows almost the whole wing to be fairly evenly pigmented, with an extremely unusual trilobulate apical margin, and a darker patch on each wingmargin lobe. Hempel did not illustrate C. splendidus at all, but described both fore and hind wings as being “densely spotted with both large and small, irregular, fuliginous [=sooty / smutty] spots”. Each author’s observations on the wings are confirmed to be accurate, and the adults therefore represent two distinct species. As has happened in other whitefly descriptions (see Martin, 2001), the adults of one (possibly even both) of these two species are unlikely to be correctly associated with the puparia. It will require the rearing of adults from fresh puparia to resolve this uncertainty.Published as part of John H. Martin, 2004, Whiteflies of Belize (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Part 1 — introduction and account of the subfamily Aleurodicinae Quaintance & Baker, pp. 1-86 in Zootaxa 681 on page 34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15885
Nealeurodicus Hempel
No full textNEALEURODICUS Hempel Nealeurodicus Hempel, 1922 b: 1134, 1170. Type species Nealeurodicus paulistus, by original designation and monotypy DIAGNOSIS — PUPARIUM. Nealeurodicus comprises species with the following suite of characters that differ from those of species of Ceraleurodicus (in which genus most Nealeurodicus species were accommodated prior to the present work): bases of the 12–15 pairs of submarginal setae situated very close to margin, the setae themselves long and robust, with almost their entire lengths reaching beyond puparial margin, forming a distinct fringe (Figs 33, 35–37, 117); margin somewhat thickened, often downcurved, appearing crenate; puparia at most slightly asymmetrical, with compound pores always paired on each side of body (Fig. 117); a variable number of pairs of radial rays often present (Figs 33, 35, 37), sometimes indicated by pigmentation, or indistinct, but without marginal modifications at their extremities; almost always with a cephalic pair and a postvasiform orifice pair of compound pores on abdominal segment VIII, but distribution, size and structure of compound pores very variable between species. Other characters are shared with Ceraleurodicus and include: single pairs of submedian cephalic, pro, meso and metathoracic setae present; cicatrices absent from thorax (reflecting absence of compound pores in thirdinstar); lingula with 4 apical setae and normally included within the vasiform orifice. Puparia of species of Nealeurodicus typically secrete a dorsal crust of hard, waxy material that appears fibrous towards the edges of the crust (Figs 34, 38). COMMENTS. The type species of Ceraleurodicus, C. splendidus Hempel, clearly belongs to an assemblage of species quite different from several other species that have hitherto been accommodated within the genus. As far back as 1930, Laing opined that his new species, melzeri, was congeneric with octifer and bakeri (both Bondar) (all three described in Radialeurodicus, later placed as a junior synonym of Ceraleurodicus by Costa Lima (1928), through synonymy of the type species of the two genera), but that these three species were only “doubtfully congeneric” with C. splendidus. Through the kindness of MZUSP, the author was able to study syntypic puparial material of Nealeurodicus paulistus Hempel, which is clearly congeneric with melzeri, octifer and bakeri. The following species are therefore here transferred to Nealeurodicus from Ceraleurodicus — altissimus (Quaintance, 1900), bakeri (Bondar, 1923 a), ingae (Baker, 1937), melzeri (Laing, 1930), moreirai (Costa Lima, 1928) and octifer (Bondar, 1923 a) (all comb. nov.). Two new species of Nealeurodicus from Belize are here described. In addition to the puparial characters discussed above, adult females of C. varus (Bondar) have only two pairs of ventrolateral wax plates, whereas those of N. altissimus, N. bakeri and a new species, here described, have four pairs: it is unfortunate that adults are unknown for most of the species now placed in Ceraleurodicus and Nealeurodicus, so testing this character across the whole assemblage has not been possible. During the course of study of the Ceraleurodicus / Nealeurodicus assemblage, the author has become convinced that the number, distribution between and within segments, and structure of compound pore pairs are of much greater importance in species definitions, than is cuticular pigmentation. Radialeurodicus melzeri Laing (1930) was synonymised with Ceraleurodicus moreirai Costa Lima (1928) by Mound & Halsey (1978: 239), presumably because of the nearidentical pattern of pigmentation. However, the puparia of N. melzeri have a pair of compound pores on each of abdominal segments II, IV, VII and VIII, whereas puparia of N. moreirai only have pairs on abdominal segments II and VII, and thus N. melzeri should not be regarded as a synonym of N. moreirai (but see below). The puparium of N. paulistus was described as possessing six pairs of abdominal compound pores. Examination of the two puparia present on the slide quoted as “ type ” by Hempel (1922 b) was hampered by the presence of the dorsal wax crust on both specimens, which had clearly not received any sort of treatment prior to slide mounting. However, it can be seen that six pairs of abdominal compound pores are only present on one side of one specimen: the other side of this individual, and both sides of the other specimen, only have abdominal compound pores on segments II, IV, VII & VIII, thus matching the arrangement in N. melzeri (Laing). Despite the presence of secretions covering the syntype puparia of N. paulistus, it is possible to see that the characters of the margin and vasiform orifice, and presence of a cluster of bright pores to either side of the vasiform orifice, are identical to N. melzeri. It is therefore considered that N. melzeri should be regarded as a junior synonym of N. paulistus, a species whose puparia are considered normally to possess abdominal compound pores on segments II, IV, VII & VIII (syn. nov.).Published as part of John H. Martin, 2004, Whiteflies of Belize (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Part 1 — introduction and account of the subfamily Aleurodicinae Quaintance & Baker, pp. 1-86 in Zootaxa 681 on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15885
Aleurodicus maritimus Hempel, 1922 b: 1160 - 1161
No full text<i>Aleurodicus maritimus</i> Hempel <p>(Figs 7, 26)</p> <p> <i>Aleurodicus maritimus</i> Hempel, 1922b: 1160–1161. Syntypes, Brazil [MZUSP, examined].</p> <p> <i>Aleurodicus linguosus</i> Bondar, 1923: 76–78. Syntypes, Brazil [USNM, examined]. Synonymised by Costa Lima, 1928: 133.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. Neotropical Region - Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panamá, Surinam, Trinidad.</p> <p> MATERIAL EXAMINED. Syntypes of <i>A. maritimus</i> and <i>A. linguous</i> as discussed below (MZUSP, USNM); numerous samples from all countries listed above (BMNH).</p> <p> COMMENTS. The author was able to examine syntypes of both <i>A. linguosus</i> and <i>A. maritimus</i> through the kindness of USNM and MZUSP, respectively, in connection with an earlier study of aleurodicine whiteflies in Belize (Martin, 2004). Costa Lima (1928) considered <i>A. linguosus</i> to be a junior synonym of <i>A. maritimus</i>, and his opinion is considered sound by the present author.</p> <p> <i>A. maritimus</i> is a member of the <i>capiangae</i> / <i>dugesii</i> species-group.</p>Published as part of <i>Martin, Jon H., 2008, A revision of Aleurodicus Douglas (Sternorrhyncha, Aleyrodidae), with two new genera proposed for palaeotropical natives and an identification guide to world genera of Aleurodicinae, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 1835 (1)</i> on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1835.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5127230">http://zenodo.org/record/5127230</a>
SP-Rollenschemata – Ein Konsensentwurf für die standortübergreifende Standardisierung von Rollenskripten
No full textPeters T, Borgmann S, Hempel L, Thrien C, Zimmermann A. SP-Rollenschemata – Ein Konsensentwurf für die standortübergreifende Standardisierung von Rollenskripten. In: Digitales Internationales Skills Lab Symposium 2022. Bielefeld ; Krems ; Bern ; Köln; 2022
Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel
No full textPseudococcus cryptus Hempel (Fig. 40) Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel, 1918: 199. Pseudococcus citriculus Green, 1922: 377. Pseudococcus mandarinus Das & Ghose, 1996: 17 DIAGNOSIS. Adult female oval to broadly oval, membranous. Anal lobes moderately developed. Antennae 7 or 8 segmented. Legs well developed, slender. Translucent pores present in moderate numbers on hind coxa, femur and tibia. Cerarii numbering 17 pairs. Anal lobe cerarii each with 2 enlarged conical setae, plus about 4 or 5 auxiliary setae and a group of trilocular pores, all situated on a sclerotized area, a little larger than anal ring. Anterior cerarii each with 2 conical setae, except each anterior mesothoracic pair with 3, and those on head with 3 or 4. Circulus well developed, notched at each side and divided by an intersegmental line. Ostioles well developed, prominent. Dorsal surface with long slender setae, accompanied by some short setae; ventral surface with normal slender setae. Ventral multilocular disc pores present around vulva and medially in more or less single rows on posterior edges of abdominal segments IV–VII; also usually in single rows on anterior edges of abdominal segments VI and VII; a few also scattered medially on thorax. Dorsal and ventral trilocular pores evenly dispersed. Dorsal and ventral discoidal pores minute, sparsely dispersed and absent from next to eyes. Dorsal oral rim ducts, when present, few, usually with a pair located behind each frontal cerarius and a submedial pair situated on metathorax. Ventral oral rim ducts, often with a discoidal pore next to rim, present on margins of thorax, often extending to spiracles, and on abdominal segments I and II. Dorsal oral collar ducts, often with an obscure rim and with 1 or 2 discoidal pores next to orifice, usually present on margins of head and abdominal segment VII; ventral oral collar ducts normally of 3 sizes: large type, each often with a discoidal pore next to orifice and sometimes with a narrow obscure rim, distributed in marginal groups on abdominal segments and sparingly around margins of thorax and head, usually in a single marginal row at most; a small duct, each narrower than a trilocular pore, usually present medially on abdominal segments, and a minute duct present across middle of abdominal segments plus a few scattered on medial area of thorax. DISTRIBUTION. Afrotropical, Australasian, Neotropical, Oriental, Palaearctic: Afghanistan, China, Iran, Israel, Japan and Spain. This mealybug is known from 41 plant families (Ben-Dov et al., 2012). COMMENTS. P. c r yp t us was listed in the checklist of Kozár et al. (1996), but it has not been observed by the author in nature and there are no specimens in HMIM. The accompanying illustration and diagnosis are used from Mealybugs of Central and South America, Williams & Granara de Willink (1992) with kind permission from the authors.Published as part of Moghaddam, Masumeh, 2013, A review of the mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae, Putoidae and Rhizoecidae) of Iran, with descriptions of four new species and three new records for the Iranian fauna, pp. 1-107 in Zootaxa 3632 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3632.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/21761
Phillip Lai: group exhibition (London, 2016)
No full textGroup exhibition including artists David Altmejd, Karla Black, Susan Cianciolo, Nicolas Deshayes, Mark Flood, Tim Gardner, Lothar Hempel, Yngve Holen, Jacqueline Humphries, Sanya Kantarovsky, Ansel Krut, Phillip Lai, Paul Lee, Linder, Barry McGee, Jonathan Meese, Katy Moran, David Noonan, Anna-Bella Papp, Eva Rothschild, Bojan Sarcevic, Collier Schorr, Steven Shearer, Tim Stoner, Ricky Swallow, Torey Thornton, Richard Tuttl
Molecular mechanism of inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 cell entry facilitator TMPRSS2 with camostat and nafamostat
No full textThe entry of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 into human lung cells can be inhibited by the approved drugs camostat and nafamostat. Here we elucidate the molecular mechanism of these drugs by combining experiments and simulations. In vitro assays confirm that both drugs inhibit the human protein TMPRSS2, a SARS-Cov-2 spike protein activator. As no experimental structure is available, we provide a model of the TMPRSS2 equilibrium structure and its fluctuations by relaxing an initial homology structure with extensive 330 microseconds of all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) and Markov modeling. Through Markov modeling, we describe the binding process of both drugs and a metabolic product of camostat (GBPA) to TMPRSS2, reaching a Michaelis complex (MC) state, which precedes the formation of a long-lived covalent inhibitory state. We find that nafamostat has a higher MC population than camostat and GBPA, suggesting that nafamostat is more readily available to form the stable covalent enzyme-substrate intermediate, effectively explaining its high potency. This model is backed by our in vitro experiments and consistent with previous virus cell entry assays. Our TMPRSS2-drug structures are made public to guide the design of more potent and specific inhibitors
Simulated patients and stereotypes – How to deal with diversity in human simulation
No full textBackground
Stereotypes reduce and generalize information into (assumed) group characteristics. This simplification leads to behaviours, appearances and traits being attributed to group members, even when not true for the individual person. Medical education, including formats with simulated patients, too often relies on assumed prototypical (“classic”) but really stereotypical case scenarios in formation and assessment of medical competencies. Though based on the noble didactic idea that circumstantial information would distract learners from a targeted learning objective, or likewise, distract examinees from the focus of the assessment task, it still means that different groups of society are inadequately represented in the curriculum. It seems that so far diversity issues receive little attention at an institutional and curricular level throughout medical schools and academic hospitals (Zanting et al. 2020). At the same time, SP-programs are reaching their limits in accommodating diversity in their current constitution.
Nonetheless, the possibilities of better addressing diversity issues at a curricular level are manifold (Dogra et al. 2009), especially when thinking about the design of role scripts as well as the casting and staffing of SPs. Their function in this matter should not be underestimated (Vora et al. 2021, Picketts et al. 2021, Paroz et al. 2016, Miller et al. 2021). Carefully chosen simulations with diversely designed roles and selection of SPs can reflect social diversity and provide access to the topic of diversity among students.
Objectives
After the workshop, participants will be able to ...
... explain the relevance of diversity for working with SPs in health professions education.
... reflect on their own SP program in terms of diversity with regard to staff, SP-pool and role scripts.
... optimize their work within the SP-program so that they better consider diversity when designing cases and assigning SPs to roles.
... create and revise case scripts that consider aspects of diversity in a non-stereotypical way.
Target Audience
The workshop is intended for all SP-trainers, managers and staff of SP-programs, simulated patients and lecturers working with SPs in teaching or assessment in health professions education. Previous experience with diversity as a topic is not required but SP methodology should be well-known.
Description
In this 3-hour workshop we would like to address the topic of diversity in everyday work with SPs. In particular, SPs representing stereotypical patient roles in teaching and assessments is considered. After a short input, we will together reflect on how to deal with diversity in creating cases and assigning SPs, using concrete SP-scripts as material. At the end, the reflection on developed processes and criteria will be merged into concrete and practical instructions for the creation of case scenarios or revision of already existing simulations. The goal for the participants is to question and reflect on their current working methods with regard to diversity and, at the same time, to take home concrete suggestions in order to represent diversity adequately in the future.
Participants will receive literature and preparatory information in advance that will be revisited later in the workshop. It is also requested to bring two SP scripts from the own institution; one that assumedly takes diversity aspects well into account and one for improvement. Please consider your institution’s regulations for disclosing cases to third parties, especially when bringing assessment material
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