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Editorial
Full text linkDear JFDE Readers and Authors,
This issue is the result of the facade conference Powerskin, held on 19 January 2016 at the building tradefair ‘Bau’ in Munich. The conference was organised in a cooperation of TU Munich, TU Darmstadt and TU Delft. All three universities maintain a facade research and education unit on building envelopes. The conference featured a mix of practice and education related and scientific contributions. Again, JFDE was chosen as the platform to publish a selection of scientific papers. A total of 22 abstracts were reviewed of which 17 were pre-selected. From those, we received 13 papers that had been subjected to our strict double blind peer review process. A final selection of 9 papers forms this issue. We thank our guest editors Thomas Auer and Jens Schneider who have been key partners in creating this special issue. As discussed in the last editorial, we have successfully completed the NWO funding period (Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research) to start up JFDE. Open Access publishing strongly depends on author publishing fees and the introduction in our scientific ((field?)) needs some more time. In search of a new business model, we proudly announce that we have found two partners wo believe in the relevance of JFDE. The Society of Facade Engineering SFE is a joint initiative of CIBSE, IStructE and the RIBA with the aim to create a forum to advance knowledge and practice in facade engineering. CWCT It is an industry funded centre and a leading information provider and trainer in the field of building envelopes and glazing. Both organisations acknowledge the need for an independent scientific publishing organ which will contribute to the development of the field of facade design, engineering and construction. This support enables us to continue JFDE. We want to thank the publisher IOS Press and especially Mark Eligh to have guided JFDE to the level where it is now. This issue is the first published by TU Delft Open, a publishing house established by the TU Delft Library. We will continue to deliver high quality contributions with the aim of 3 issues per year. Thank you for supporting JFDE.
The editors in chief,
Tillmann Klein
Ulrich Knaac
Journal of Facade Design and Engineering 4 (2016)
Full text linkDear JFDE Readers and Authors,
After four volumes of JFDE we can conclude that JFDE is still being seen as a ‘young’ journal just as the scientific area it is aiming to serve. In the past, building envelope related papers have been published in structure or building physics related journals. But with the development of the professional field the scientific community grows as well, and with it JFDE is enjoying more and more acknowledgement.
One result is that we have been able to become the scientific partner of two conferences: ‘Powerskin’ in January 2017 at the BAU building trade fair in Munich and the ICBEST International Conference on Building Envelopes Systems and Technologies, May 2017 in Istanbul. Both events will be covered in two special issues.
This development stimulates us to continuously evaluate the future scope of JFDE. In this sense, we are proud to present a new issue of JFDE with innovative contributions that target both the design and engineering of building envelopes.
Two papers focus on a better understanding of facades in a technical sense. The first one predicts light transmission trough complex fenestration systems including high incident directions, the other aims at understanding the increased thermal load, the effect on structural safety of insulated glass units and the implications for norms and regulations.
Two other contributions focus on novel applications: The first one looks at photocatalytic self-cleaning coatings for building façade maintenance. The application of Nano technologies is rather new and it is important to explore the potential it might provide to the discipline. The second one researches biomimetic inspired natural ventilation facades with integrated green.
Such combination is prototypic of the scope we envision for JFDE. A good mixture of technical and innovative contributions, always trying to relate science and practice, design and engineering.
The editors in chief,
Tillmann Klein
Ulrich Knaac
Exploitation of shape memory materials in sun adaptive user-controllable building façades
No full textSmart morphing materials are increasingly studied and are also expected to soon become
economically available for architects and engineers, being potentially suitable for a great number
of applications. In particular, shape memory materials possess the unique feature of memorizing
shapes that can be continuously recovered through the application of external stimuli. This
research proves the potentialities of an adaptive shading module actuated by smart materials,
which enable the facade shape to change in response to the incoming solar radiation. The final
goal is to design a building skin that is attuned to climatic changes and which creates occupants’
awareness of environmental variation. In particular, the exploitation of the physical properties of
shape memory materials would guarantee the internal daylight comfort with (almost) zero-energy
actuation and reduced system complexity; this would be in contrast with kinetic envelopes which, in
order to preserve interior conditions in response to external variations, rely on sensors, motors, and
computational feedback loops.
Inspired by nature and mimicking petals’ movement dynamics, the proposed facade module
has been designed starting from a geometrical schematization of flower’s shape: four triangular
petals on a square basis dynamically adapt their degree of openness based on the incoming solar
radiation. The petal-like wings, actuated by strips of a two-way shape memory polymer, allow a
completely autonomous passive control of building interiors’ conditions and zero-energy actuation.
The actuator is located on each petal side directly exposed to solar irradiation, triggering the shape
transition: activation is started by solar absorption, which increases the polymer film temperature
until the transition condition in attained. Moreover, the integration and addition of a matched internal
opaque layer, actuated by a set of (electrically controlled) antagonistic shape memory alloy torsion
springs, grants the possible implementation of the resulting structure in real buildings, conciliating
comfort, well-being and user controllability of living and working environments.
Dynamic daylight simulations have been carried out to assess the effects of the resulting shading
system on a medium size office room oriented towards South-East, during the most illustrative days
of the year. The movement of the external autonomous shading layer has been discretized into four
different positions, from a completely open to a fully closed one. The daylight quality was assessed
by computing two different performance indices: the work plane illuminance and the degree of glare
probability (Dubois, 2016)
Passive curtain walls - Enhancing the multi-hazard performance of buildings
No full textGlass facades are widely used in buildings, due to a multitude of aspects. In most of the cases, wide transparent surfaces are realized in commercial, residential and strategic buildings, including airports, museums, offices, etc., often susceptible to crowd. From a structural point of view, however, under the action of exceptional loads such as human induced / accidental / natural hazards, these facades represent a critical component for buildings, due to the typical brittle behaviour and limited tensile resistance of glass, as well as to the high vulnerability of structural details, etc., hence requiring specific safety levels. In this regard, the prediction of the dynamic behaviour of facades under exceptional loads (including the interaction between a given envelope and the building), or the implementation and optimization of advanced retrofitting tools, represent open topics still requiring extended investigations. Taking advantage of earlier studies, the current research aims to assess the feasibility and potential of special vibration control systems (VCSs) at the interface between a multi-storey building and the enclosing facade, under extreme loading scenarios
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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