1,720,991 research outputs found
Supplemental_file – Supplemental material for Strengthening Noncommunicable Disease Research Capacity and Chronic Disease Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries in South Asia: Implementation and Evaluation of the ASCEND Program
No full textSupplemental material, Supplemental_file for Strengthening Noncommunicable Disease Research Capacity and Chronic Disease Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries in South Asia: Implementation and Evaluation of the ASCEND Program by Allison Byrnes, Tilahun Nigatu Haregu, Naanki Pasricha, Kavita Singh, Sathish Thirunavukkarasu, Kremlin Wickkramasinghe, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan and Brian Oldenburg in Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health</p
Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD)
Full text linkIntroductionObesity and depression are among the leading causes of disease worldwide. Their bidirectional relationship often results in comorbid depression and obesity, which further increases the risk of adverse health outcomes. Further evidence is needed on the correlates and synergistic association with other noncommunicable diseases. The objective of our study was to examine the correlates and synergistic association of comorbid depression and obesity with other noncommunicable diseases in a large sample of Australian men.MethodsOur cross-sectional study used data on 13,763 men aged 18 to 55 from the first wave (2013\u20132014) of the Australian Ten to Men study. Body mass index was calculated from self-reported weight and height. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depression. We calculated the weighted prevalence of depression, obesity, and comorbid depression and obesity and examined correlates of comorbid depression and obesity by using logistic regression. We used the synergy index to measure the synergistic association of depression and obesity with other noncommunicable diseases.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of depression, obesity, and comorbid depression and obesity among Australian men were 12.5%, 22.2%, and 3.7%, respectively. Age, marital status, area-level socioeconomic index, educational attainment, household income, employment status, and physical activity were significantly associated with comorbid depression and obesity. Men with comorbid depression and obesity, compared with men without comorbid depression and obesity, had 7.6 times the risk of diabetes and 6.7 times the risk of hypertension.ConclusionCo-occurrence of depression and obesity among Australian men is associated with a set of individual- and area-level correlates and a higher risk of noncommunicable diseases. The correlates identified in our study are useful in planning interventions and screening in primary care settings
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Integration of health system responses to HIV/AIDS and noncommunicable diseases in developing countries
No full textIntroduction: HIV/AIDS and Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are major diseases of public health significance worldwide, especially in developing countries, and increasing research has reported important relationships between them. Recently, there is emerging evidence suggesting strategically important similarities between health system responses to these conditions and thus the need to consider more integrated approaches in the future. Such integrated approaches can maximize synergy and improve efficiency of response. However, the evidence base to inform this approach is limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct more research in relation to such an integrated approach in the context of health systems of low and middle income countries. Aims and objectives: The aims of this PhD research were to analyse the interrelationships (Convergence, Linkage, Co-occurrence and Parallels) between HIV/AIDS and NCDs; and to develop a model and a guiding tool to inform implementation of a more appropriate responses by health systems to HIV/AIDS and NCDs in the context of developing countries. Methods: The overall PhD research was a - Health policy and system research that employed a pragmatic mixed method and modelling techniques based on the constructivist approach. In this research, different methods were applied at different stages. To analyse connections between HIV/AIDS and NCDs, four methods were used: Correlational and cluster analysis (for convergence), framework development using thematic research synthesis (for linkage), systematic and critical reviews (for co-occurrence), and qualitative content analyses (for parallels). For the development of action model, multi-level (integrative, configurative and interpretive) evidence syntheses methods were applied. The integration tool was formulated based on the action model from best available evidence and was conceptually validated through further literature review and expert consultations. Results: With rapidly increasing NCD magnitude and stabilizing HIV epidemic, many low-and middle income countries are facing an overlapping double burden of HIV/AIDS and NCDs. The overlap, however, is different in the Sub-Saharan African and Asian Context. After identifying two forms, two types and six pathways of epidemiological linkages between HIV/AIDS and NCDs, a Public Health framework illustrating these linkages was developed. The magnitude of NCD comorbidities in HIV infection was high for cardiovascular abnormalities and precancerous lesions with the dynamics being highly reverted by the scale-up of anti-retroviral treatment coverage. The responses to HIV/AIDS and NCDs, both at Global and National levels, are similar in models and approaches. However, they are different in content. In this PhD research, an action model and a guiding tool for integration are also developed. Finally, evidence about the rationale, policies and models relevant to HIV-NCD integration is consolidated systematically. Conclusions: The strength of inter-relationships between HIV/AIDS and NCDs and the similarities between the responses to these conditions require improved and integrated responses as appropriate to specific local contexts. In addition to generating evidence relevant to HIV-NCD integration, this PhD research has yielded three important research outputs – a public Health Framework for linkage, a model of integration, and a guiding tool for integration. Further research is needed to refine these outputs and to test their applicability in specific contexts
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