1,720,980 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Bayesiläisiä piilomuuttujiin perustuvia lähestymistapoja ekologisten lajiyhteisöjen mallinnukseen
Get PDFIn the last decades, the aims of research in community ecology have been shifting from the mere description of observed patterns towards a mechanistic perspective that seeks to understand the processes shaping observed species communities. Simultaneously, the technical advances in data collection techniques dramatically raised the amount and quality of ecological data annually obtained and provided opportunities to address more comprehensive research questions. The combination of these novel aims and data increased the interest in the statistical ecology, seeking analytical methods capable to harness the full potential of the emerging data. A special interest has been focused on the development of approaches capable to combine multiple types of existing data and jointly model the dynamics and distributions of entire species communities or ecosystems.
This doctoral thesis contributes to the ongoing methodological development of analytical tools for the joint species modeling. In the presented research I combine both perspectives of the statistical ecology: the ecologist’s practical point of view and the statistician’s methodological/theoretical vision. The thesis consists of four Chapters that are arranged to form a coherent narrative. I start with a synthesis of the recent advances in joint species modeling and propose a unifying statistical framework that enables scientists to easily address many common questions in community ecology simultaneously. This framework, called Hierarchical Model of Species Communities (HMSC), is capable to incorporate information on species occurrences, environmental covariates, species traits and phylogenic relationships, as well as the structure of study design. Next, I devise and present two important extensions to this framework. The first extension enables HMSC to neatly assess the variation in species associations and relate it to environmental factors. My second extension aims to achieve better numerical properties for the HMSC-based analysis of numerous spatial observations. I carry out a set of simulated data experiments to assess the performances of the proposed extensions in comparison to existing methods. To demonstrate how the proposed methods can be used in practice, I accompany these methodological developments with real-data examples and additionally present one detailed applied ecological study.
My results demonstrate that the unifying HMSC framework can be robustly used to address a wide set of fundamental and applied ecological questions for various natural systems and contexts. Conducted simulation experiments verify that the proposed extensions considerably expand the framework’s potential. The developed software implementation of the HMSC and detailed user manual provide a practical guidance for ecologists on how to apply this framework for analysis of their own data on species communities.
Although this thesis is a completed research item, it should be seen as a solid foundation for further developments in the field of joint species modeling. Some of these potential developments are related to how more comprehensive ecological questions could be answered with statistical models, while other correspond to the numerical challenges posed by emerging types and amounts of ecological data. I believe that advances and results of my study will enable future research to tackle these challenges and that the joint species modeling framework will become generally applicable and insightful for a wide array of real-world problems.Viimeisten vuosikymmenien aikana yhteisöekologinen tutkimus on siirtynyt empiirisestä eliöyhteisöjen tutkimuksesta mekanistisempaan tutkimukseen, joka hakee vastauksia eliöyhteisöjä muovaaviin prosesseihin. Samaan aikaan uudet menetelmät aineiston keruuseen ovat dramaattisesti kasvattaneet ekologisten aineistojen määrää ja laatua. Tämä tarjoaa uusia mahdollisuuksia entistä kokonaisvaltaisempien tutkimuskysymysten asetteluun. Kasvava aineistojen määrä on luonut tarpeen kehittää sellaisia uusia analyyttisiä menetelmiä tilastolliseen ekologiaan, joiden avulla voidaan hyödyntää kasvavan aineistomäärän potentiaali. Erityisen kiinnostuksen kohteena ovat olleet sellaisten tilastollisten menetelmien kehitys, joiden avulla on mahdollista yhdistää erilaisia aineistoja sekä mallintaa yhtäaikaisesti lajien, lajiyhteisöjen ja ekosysteemien dynamiikkaa ja levinneisyyttä.
Väitöskirjassani olen keskittynyt yhteisöekologisessa mallinnuksessa tarvittavien analyyttisten työkalujen metodologiseen kehitykseen. Tutkimuksessani olen yhdistänyt tilastollisen ekologian erilaisia näkökulmia: ekologin maastohavaintoihin perustuvaa näkemystä sekä tilastotieteilijän metodologista näkemystä. Väitöskirjani koostuu neljästä luvusta, jotka yhdessä muodostavat yhtenäisen kokonaisuuden.
Aloitan synteesillä yhteisöekologisen mallintamisen viimeaikaisista kehityksestä ja esittelen yhtenäisen tilastotieteellisen kehyksen, jonka avulla tutkijoiden on helppo tutkia yleisiä yhteisöekologia kysymyksiä samanaikaisesti. Tämän kehyksen avulla, jota tässä kutsutaan yhteisöekologiseksi hierakiseksi malliksi (HMSC), on mahdollista sisällyttää tietoa lajien esiintymisestä, ympäristömuuttujista, lajien ominaisuuksista, fylogeniasta, sekä tutkimusmallien rakenteista. Seuraavaksi esitän kaksi tärkeää laajennusta HMSC kehykseen. Ensimmäinen laajennus mahdollistaa systemaattisen tarkastelun siitä miten lajien yhteisesiintyminen riippuu ympäristötekijöistä. Toinen laajennus mahdollistaa HMSC kehyksen soveltamisen erittäin laajoihin spatiaalisiin aineistoihin. Tutkin näiden laajennusten etuja ja haittoja soveltamalla sekä niitä että vaihtoehtoisia menetelmiä simuloituihin aineistoihin. Lisäksi havainnollistan molempia menetelmällisten laajennusten käytännön soveltuvuutta oikeiden ekologisten aineistojen avulla, ja esitän yhden soveltaviin ekologisiin kysymyksiin keskittyvän tapaustutkimuksen.
Väitöskirjatutkimukseni tulokset osoittavat, että yhtenäisen HMSC kehyksen avulla voidaan vastata laajaan kirjoon perustavanlaatuisiin ja soveltaviin kysymyksiin siitä miten eliöyhteisöt ovat rakentuneet. Suoritetut simulaatiokokeet osoittavat että ehdottamani laajennukset HMSC- malliin tuovat entistä tehokkaampia työkaluja yhteisöekologiseen tutkimukseen. Väitöskirjatyössäni julkaistut ohjelmistot ja käyttöoppaat helpottavat HMSC kehyksen käyttöönottoa yhteisöekologian tutkimuksessa.
Ennen kaikkea väitöskirjani tulisi nähdä vakaana perustana jonka päälle on mahdollista kehittää entistä syvällisempää yhteisöekologista mallinnusta. Osa mahdollisista tulevaisuuden kehittämisen kohteista liittyy siihen miten erilaisilla mallinrakenteilla ja mallien estimointiin liittyvillä tekniikoilla voidaan vastata entistä kokonaisvaltaisemmin yhteisöekologisiin kysymyksiin, ja osa niihin numeerisiin haasteisiin joita uudentyyppisten ja entistä suurempien aineistojen käsittely tuo mukanaan. Uskon, että väitöskirjatyöni tulokset luovat hyvän lähtökohdan uusille menetelmille joilla näihin haasteisiin voidaan vastata.ei saavutettav
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
