25 research outputs found
Markedly Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effects Induced by Photo-immunotherapy of Tumors
No full textA major barrier to cancer treatment is the inability to deliver sufficient concentrations of drug to the tumor without incurring systemic toxicities. Nanomaterials are appealing because they can carry a large drug payload; however, tumor delivery is limited by modest leakage and retention in most tumors. We observed that after photoimmunotherapy (PIT), which is a light-mediated treatment based on an antibody–photosensitizer conjugate, there was surprisingly high leakage of nanosized (10–200 nm) agents into the tumor bed. PIT rapidly induced death in perivascular cancer cells, leading to immediate and dramatic increases in vascular permeability, resulting in up to 24-fold greater accumulation of nanomaterials within the PIT-treated tumor compared with controls, an effect termed “super-enhanced permeability and retention”. In a treatment study, PIT followed by liposome-containing daunorubicin, DaunoXome (diameter 50 nm), resulted in greater survival in tumor-bearing mice than either PIT or DaunoXome alone. Thus, PIT greatly enhances delivery of nanosized reagents and thus holds promise to improve therapeutic responses
MIPLIB Truckload PDPTW Instances Derived from a Real-World Drayage Case
No full textThis paper describes five sets of 33 Mixed Integer Problem instances each, for a total of 165 instances, derived from a real-world full-truckload pick-up and delivery problem with time windows at the Port of Rotterdam. These instances represent 33 individual days of data encompassing 65 jobs and 40 trucks. We report, in this paper, on the structure of the real-world problem, the mechanism by which the real data was transformed into the test instances, the Mixed Integer Programming formulation used to solve these instances, the results obtained, and sources in the literature describing alternative uses for these instances.vehicle routing;drayage;online routing;Mixed Integer Programming;problem instances
Three-Dimensional Carbon-Honeycomb as Nanoporous Lithium and Sodium Deposition Scaffold
No full textUsing
the density functional theory method, we demonstrate that
the recently synthesized three-dimensional carbon-honeycomb (C-honeycomb)
can serve as a promising nanoporous scaffold for both lithium and
sodium deposition with good electronic conductivity. Lithium/sodium
can insert into the channels of C-honeycomb with low migration energy
barriers along the walls of one-dimensional pores (<0.5 eV for
lithium and <0.25 eV for sodium) and exist in the form of metal
nanorods. A high theoretical capacity (711 mAh/g, almost twice that
of graphite) can be achieved when the one-dimensional pores are filled
with lithium/sodium atoms. The volume expansion of the C-honeycomb
after metal insertion is less than 5 and 15% for lithium and sodium,
respectively. Further introduction of defects such as pyridinic-N
doping or single vacancy can provide initial nucleation sites for
the metal nanorods and increase the open-circuit voltage
RuO<sub>2</sub> Monolayer: A Promising Bifunctional Catalytic Material for Nonaqueous Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
No full textRutile
RuO2 has been widely regarded as an excellent
catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution
reaction (OER) in nonaqueous lithium–oxygen batteries and achieved
superior performance, but the catalytic activity of RuO2’s polymorph, RuO2 monolayer, has been less studied.
In this work, we study the catalytic activities of both rutile RuO2 and RuO2 monolayer for ORR and OER in the battery
using density functional theory method. Computational results show
that the RuO2 monolayer exhibits a higher catalytic activity
than the rutile RuO2 does. More interestingly, it is found
that during discharge a similar lattice structure between RuO2 monolayer and Li2O2 {0001} surface
can induce the formation of crystallized Li2O2 with the conductive {0001} surface exposed, whereas during charge
the RuO2 monolayer can attract the remaining Li2O2 to its surface spontaneously, thus maintaining the
solid–solid reaction interface. Our results suggest that the
RuO2 monolayer is a promising catalytic material for nonaqueous
lithium–oxygen batteries
Többségi, hátrányos helyzetű és sajátos nevelési igényű 8. évfolyamos tanulók jövőképe
No full textA tanulmány nyolcadik osztályos tanulók jövőképének, valamint a jövőkép alakulásában szerepet játszó háttértényezőknek a vizsgálatát célozza. Összehasonlítjuk többségi, hátrányos helyzetű, valamint sajátos nevelési igényű tanulók vélekedéseit jövőjükről a következő területeken: oktatás és továbbtanulás, család, szabadidő, barátok, kapcsolat a szülőkkel, birtokolt tárgyak. Emellett elemzésünk az énkép és a családi-otthoni körülmények, valamint a jövőről való gondolkodás összefüggéseit vizsgálja
Polyoxyethylene (PEO)|PEO–Perovskite|PEO Composite Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries
No full textComposite solid electrolytes (CSEs) are regarded as one
of the most promising candidates for all-solid-state lithium metal
batteries (ASSLMBs) due to inherited desirable features from both
ceramic and polymer materials. However, poor interfacial contact/compatibility
between the electrodes and solid electrolytes remains a critical challenge.
In this work, we prepare a flexible CSE composed of polyoxyethylene
(PEO)–perovskite composite with a layer of PEO on either side.
This PEO|PEO–perovskite|PEO structure prevents direct contact
between the perovskite and lithium metal at the anode side, avoiding
the undesired reaction between the two materials (Ti4+ +
Li → Ti3+ + Li+). Moreover, the design
incorporating the PEO surface on either side enables superb contact
between the electrolyte and the electrodes and buffers the change
in electrolyte volume from the cathode and lithium metal during repeated
cycling, resulting in low interfacial resistances and excellent cycling
stability. Meanwhile, perovskite inorganic electrolyte Li0.33La0.557TiO3 (LLTO) 3D nanofiber networks formed
by electrospinning enable the CSE to achieve enhanced mechanical strength
and high ionic conductivity of 0.16 mS cm–1 at 24
°C. As a result, a Li|PEO–LiTFSI–LLTO|Li symmetric cell remains stable after 400 h of operation
without short-circuiting. Most notably, a Li|PEO–LiTFSI–LLTO|LiFePO4 full battery is capable of delivering
a high capacity of 135.0 mAh g–1 even at 2 C with
a retention rate of 79.0% after 300 cycles at 60 °C. These results
demonstrate that the integrated sandwich structure proposed in this
work is effective in developing high-performance composite solid electrolytes
for ASSLMBs
Facile Preparation of AuPt Alloy Nanoparticles from Organometallic Complex Precursor
No full textFacile Preparation of AuPt Alloy Nanoparticles from Organometallic Complex Precurso
A High-Capacity Polyethylene Oxide-Based All-Solid-State Battery Using a Metal–Organic Framework Hosted Silicon Anode
No full textPolyethylene oxide (PEO)-based solid
electrolytes have been widely
studied in all-solid-state lithium (Li) metal batteries due to their
favorable interfacial contact with electrodes, facile fabrication,
and low cost, but their inferior Li dendrite suppression capability
renders low actual areal capacities of Li metal anodes. Here, we develop
a high-capacity all-solid-state battery using a metal–organic
framework hosted silicon (Si@MOF) anode and a fiber-supported PEO/garnet
composite electrolyte. Si nanoparticles are embedded in the micro-sized
MOF-derived carbon host, which efficiently accommodates the repeated
deformation of Si over cycles while providing sufficient charge transfer
pathways. As a result, the Si@MOF anode shows excellent interfacial
stability toward the composite polymer electrolyte for over 1000 h
and achieves a high reversible areal capacity of 3 mAh cm–2. The full cell using the LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode is able
to deliver 135 mAh g–1 initially and maintains 73.1%
of the capacity after 500 cycles at 0.5 C and 60 °C. More remarkably,
the full cells with high LFP loadings achieve areal capacities of
more than 2 mAh cm–2, exceeding most PEO-based ASSBs
using metallic Li. Finally, the pouch cell using the proposed design
exhibits decent electrochemical performance and high safety
Engineering the d‑Orbital Energy of Metal–Organic Frameworks-Based Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium–Metal Batteries
No full textHaving
an orbital-level understanding of the relationship between
the electronic state of a central metal in metal–organic frameworks
(MOFs) as solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) and Li+ ion conductivity
is crucial yet challenging for lithium–metal
batteries (LMBs). In this study, we report the synthesis of functionalized
UiO-66 as a model system to investigate the relationship between the
d-band energy of Zr 3d orbitals and Li+ ion conductivity.
Specifically, the NO2 group in electron-withdrawing NO2-decorated UiO-66 (NO2-UiO-66) can capture electron
from ZrO8 sites, resulting the increased energy in 3dz2 and 3dxz/yz orbitals of Zr atom. The high-energy 3dz2 and 3dxz/yz orbitals of Zr in NO2-UiO-66
hybridize with the 2pz and 2px/y orbitals of O in ClO4–, leading to decreased antibonding orbital energy and resulting in
a strong adsorption, ultimately immobilizing the anions and enhancing
ion conductivities. Establishing the correlation between the d-orbital
energy and Li+ ion conductivity may create a descriptor
for designing efficient SSEs for LMBs
Unraveling the Catalytic Mechanism of Rutile RuO<sub>2</sub> for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Li–O<sub>2</sub> Batteries
No full textBecause of the involvement
of solid-state discharge product Li2O2, how
a catalyst works in nonaqueous lithium–oxygen
batteries is yet to be determined, although the question has undergone
fierce debate. In this work, we take an effective and widely used
catalyst, rutile RuO2, as a representative and studied
its catalytic mechanism in lithium–oxygen batteries via ab initio calculations. For the oxygen reduction reaction
(ORR), it is found that rutile RuO2 can provide large adsorption
energies toward LiO2 and Li2O2, thus
resulting in high initial discharge voltages. Moreover, the normalized
degree of unsaturation of surface oxygen is identified as a descriptor
for the ORR catalytic activity. For the oxygen evolution reaction
(OER), we propose that, in addition to the three-phase interface,
the OER may also occur at the two-phase interface of Li2O2/RuO2, where rutile RuO2 provides
pathways for the lithium ions while oxygen evolves from the exposed
surfaces of Li2O2. Calculation results show
that our proposed catalytic scenario is both thermodynamically and
kinetically viable. Along with the charge process, the remaining Li2O2 can be attracted to the catalytic surfaces spontaneously,
which can effectively preserve the reaction interface
