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Bacillus thuringiensis: diversidade gênica, estrutura genética de populações e eficiência no controle de Plutella xylostella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
No full textO trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Genética de Bactérias e Biotecnologia Aplicada (LGBBA) da FCAV-UNESP. Foram caracterizados geneticamente, por PCR, isolados de Bacillus thuringiensis, provenientes de três coleções brasileiras, quanto aos tipos de genes cry1, avaliando-se o efeito dos mesmos sobre uma população de Plutella xylostella caracterizando-se também os isolados de B. thuringiensis quanto à presença de enterotoxinas HBL, NHE e o regulador pleitrópico PLC, por verificação biomolecular, avaliando a variabilidade, bem como a estruturação genética de populações de B. thuringiensis, por PCR-RFLP. Verificou-se que existe uma distribuição homogênea das subclasses cry1 dentro do banco de isolados de B. thuringiensis, com maior porcentagem de isolados portadores dos genes cry1Ab (42,12%) e com menor porcentagem de representantes da subclasse cry1Db (0,6%). Nos bioensaios observou-se 100% de mortalidade para lagartas de P. xylostella com os isolados utilizados, indicando que combinações de tipos diferentes de genes cry1 apresentam ação tóxica para larvas de P. xylostella. Analisando a estrutura populacional de B. thuringiensis foram obtidos 78 haplótipos, definidos para as populações das diferentes coleções, e 76 haplótipos, definidos para as populações de diferentes regiões brasileiras, retratando a variabilidade genética para os loci hblA, plcR, nheBC e cry1 analisados. Segundo valores FSTs, de comparação duas a duas, diferenças significativas entre coleções e populações de B. thuringiensis provenientes das regiões brasileiras foram verificadas. Mesmo assim, alguns grupos formados são constituídos por uma população clonal de isolados da bactéria.The work was developed in the Laboratory of Bacterias’ Genetics and Applied Biotechnology (LGBBA) at UNESP/ Jaboticabal Campus. There were genetically characterized, by PCR, isolates of B. thuringiensis, belonging to three Brazilian collections basead on cry1 gene content, evaluating their effects on Plutella xylostella. They were also characterized concerning their enterotoxins production such as HBL, NHE and the PLC virulence factor, using molecular techniques, so as to evaluate their gene diversities, as well as their population genetic, using the PCR-RFLP approach. It was observed a homogeneous distribution of the cry1 subclasses within B. thuringiensis strain collections studied, with bigger percentage of isolates showing the cry1Ab genes (42.12%) and with lower percentage of isolates for subclass cry1Db (0.6%). The bioassays have revealed 100% mortality to P. xylostella larvae meaning that the effectiveness of B. thuringiensis as a biological control agent does not depend at the cry genes content. When the B. thuringiensis population structure was considered, 78 haplotypes were defined for the strains contents of different collections and 76 haplotypes were defined for strains of different Brazilian regions, exhibiting the great genetic variability for hblA, plcR, nheBC and cry1 loci. According to the FSTs values for establish pair comparisons, significant differences among the B. thuringiensis collections and populations, were observed. Nevertheless some of the formed groups were considered as bacterial clonal population.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES
Bacillus thuringiensis: diversidade gênica, estrutura genética de populações e eficiência no controle de Plutella xylostella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
No full textO trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Genética de Bactérias e Biotecnologia Aplicada (LGBBA) da FCAV-UNESP. Foram caracterizados geneticamente, por PCR, isolados de Bacillus thuringiensis, provenientes de três coleções brasileiras, quanto aos tipos de genes cry1, avaliando-se o efeito dos mesmos sobre uma população de Plutella xylostella caracterizando-se também os isolados de B. thuringiensis quanto à presença de enterotoxinas HBL, NHE e o regulador pleitrópico PLC, por verificação biomolecular, avaliando a variabilidade, bem como a estruturação genética de populações de B. thuringiensis, por PCR-RFLP. Verificou-se que existe uma distribuição homogênea das subclasses cry1 dentro do banco de isolados de B. thuringiensis, com maior porcentagem de isolados portadores dos genes cry1Ab (42,12%) e com menor porcentagem de representantes da subclasse cry1Db (0,6%). Nos bioensaios observou-se 100% de mortalidade para lagartas de P. xylostella com os isolados utilizados, indicando que combinações de tipos diferentes de genes cry1 apresentam ação tóxica para larvas de P. xylostella. Analisando a estrutura populacional de B. thuringiensis foram obtidos 78 haplótipos, definidos para as populações das diferentes coleções, e 76 haplótipos, definidos para as populações de diferentes regiões brasileiras, retratando a variabilidade genética para os loci hblA, plcR, nheBC e cry1 analisados. Segundo valores FSTs, de comparação duas a duas, diferenças significativas entre coleções e populações de B. thuringiensis provenientes das regiões brasileiras foram verificadas. Mesmo assim, alguns grupos formados são constituídos por uma população clonal de isolados da bactéria.The work was developed in the Laboratory of Bacterias’ Genetics and Applied Biotechnology (LGBBA) at UNESP/ Jaboticabal Campus. There were genetically characterized, by PCR, isolates of B. thuringiensis, belonging to three Brazilian collections basead on cry1 gene content, evaluating their effects on Plutella xylostella. They were also characterized concerning their enterotoxins production such as HBL, NHE and the PLC virulence factor, using molecular techniques, so as to evaluate their gene diversities, as well as their population genetic, using the PCR-RFLP approach. It was observed a homogeneous distribution of the cry1 subclasses within B. thuringiensis strain collections studied, with bigger percentage of isolates showing the cry1Ab genes (42.12%) and with lower percentage of isolates for subclass cry1Db (0.6%). The bioassays have revealed 100% mortality to P. xylostella larvae meaning that the effectiveness of B. thuringiensis as a biological control agent does not depend at the cry genes content. When the B. thuringiensis population structure was considered, 78 haplotypes were defined for the strains contents of different collections and 76 haplotypes were defined for strains of different Brazilian regions, exhibiting the great genetic variability for hblA, plcR, nheBC and cry1 loci. According to the FSTs values for establish pair comparisons, significant differences among the B. thuringiensis collections and populations, were observed. Nevertheless some of the formed groups were considered as bacterial clonal population.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES
Bacillus thuringiensis: diversidade gênica, estrutura genética de populações e eficiência no controle de Plutella xylostella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
No full textO trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Genética de Bactérias e Biotecnologia Aplicada (LGBBA) da FCAV-UNESP. Foram caracterizados geneticamente, por PCR, isolados de Bacillus thuringiensis, provenientes de três coleções brasileiras, quanto aos tipos de genes cry1, avaliando-se o efeito dos mesmos sobre uma população de Plutella xylostella caracterizando-se também os isolados de B. thuringiensis quanto à presença de enterotoxinas HBL, NHE e o regulador pleitrópico PLC, por verificação biomolecular, avaliando a variabilidade, bem como a estruturação genética de populações de B. thuringiensis, por PCR-RFLP. Verificou-se que existe uma distribuição homogênea das subclasses cry1 dentro do banco de isolados de B. thuringiensis, com maior porcentagem de isolados portadores dos genes cry1Ab (42,12%) e com menor porcentagem de representantes da subclasse cry1Db (0,6%). Nos bioensaios observou-se 100% de mortalidade para lagartas de P. xylostella com os isolados utilizados, indicando que combinações de tipos diferentes de genes cry1 apresentam ação tóxica para larvas de P. xylostella. Analisando a estrutura populacional de B. thuringiensis foram obtidos 78 haplótipos, definidos para as populações das diferentes coleções, e 76 haplótipos, definidos para as populações de diferentes regiões brasileiras, retratando a variabilidade genética para os loci hblA, plcR, nheBC e cry1 analisados. Segundo valores FSTs, de comparação duas a duas, diferenças significativas entre coleções e populações de B. thuringiensis provenientes das regiões brasileiras foram verificadas. Mesmo assim, alguns grupos formados são constituídos por uma população clonal de isolados da bactéria.The work was developed in the Laboratory of Bacterias’ Genetics and Applied Biotechnology (LGBBA) at UNESP/ Jaboticabal Campus. There were genetically characterized, by PCR, isolates of B. thuringiensis, belonging to three Brazilian collections basead on cry1 gene content, evaluating their effects on Plutella xylostella. They were also characterized concerning their enterotoxins production such as HBL, NHE and the PLC virulence factor, using molecular techniques, so as to evaluate their gene diversities, as well as their population genetic, using the PCR-RFLP approach. It was observed a homogeneous distribution of the cry1 subclasses within B. thuringiensis strain collections studied, with bigger percentage of isolates showing the cry1Ab genes (42.12%) and with lower percentage of isolates for subclass cry1Db (0.6%). The bioassays have revealed 100% mortality to P. xylostella larvae meaning that the effectiveness of B. thuringiensis as a biological control agent does not depend at the cry genes content. When the B. thuringiensis population structure was considered, 78 haplotypes were defined for the strains contents of different collections and 76 haplotypes were defined for strains of different Brazilian regions, exhibiting the great genetic variability for hblA, plcR, nheBC and cry1 loci. According to the FSTs values for establish pair comparisons, significant differences among the B. thuringiensis collections and populations, were observed. Nevertheless some of the formed groups were considered as bacterial clonal population.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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