1,720,964 research outputs found
Seepage characteristics and landsliding of the A3 zone of the Barton Beds
No full textThe most characteristic feature of the Barton Clay cliffs of Christchurch Bay is the presence of a number of preferred bedding plane surfaces of shearing. Most of these are contained within clay horizons and the reason for their preferential use by the coastal landslides is unknown. One surface, however, is at the base of the 2.7 m thick A3 Zone which consists of inter-bedded sand and clays. This surface is well exposed and forms a distinct feature in the cliffs throughout nearly the whole of the 1.5 mile coastal outcrop of the A3 Zone.The paper discusses the reason why a shear surface is preferentially developed at this stratigraphic location. Three possible causes are discussed under the headings of (i) pore pressure fluctuation, (ii) seepage erosion and piping and (iii) equilibration response time. The first two are well established theories but the third is a new hypothesis derived from the original Bishop and Bjerrum theory of delayed equilibration. It is considered that the discussion is useful in the general context of landsliding at sand/clay junctions in overconsolidated soils
A model for predicting groundwater level response to meteorological changes
No full textThe most characteristic feature of the Barton Clay cliffs of Christchurch Bay is the presence of a number of preferred bedding plane surfaces of shearing. Most of these are contained within clay horizons and the reason for their preferential use by the coastal landslides is unknown. One surface, however, is at the base of the 2.7 m thick A3 Zone which consists of inter-bedded sand and clays. This surface is well exposed and forms a distinct feature in the cliffs throughout nearly the whole of the 1.5 mile coastal outcrop of the A3 Zone.The paper discusses the reason why a shear surface is preferentially developed at this stratigraphic location. Three possible causes are discussed under the headings of (i) pore pressure fluctuation, (ii) seepage erosion and piping and (iii) equilibration response time. The first two are well established theories but the third is a new hypothesis derived from the original Bishop and Bjerrum theory of delayed equilibration. It is considered that the discussion is useful in the general context of landsliding at sand/clay junctions in overconsolidated soils
Interceptor drains for cliff tops and above the crests of slopes and cuttings
No full textThree types of interceptor drain considered in the paper are (i) drains for surface water (ii) cut-off drains in pervious strata overlying a relatively impervious stratum and (iii) vertical drainage wells for draining water into either pervious strata at depth or drains bored (or tunnelled) in from the slope face. Their function is to prevent surface or ground water from reaching an actual or potential landslide: drainage of the landslide itself is not considered in this paper.Various difficulties which may impair the effectiveness of interceptor drains are listed. Cases from the literature are reviewed and new observations made on interceptor drains of which the authors have direct experience. It is shown that the performance of these drains may often be less than satisfactory and it is concluded that by their nature interceptor drains require rigourous site investigation and monitoring before, during and after construction. Attention is also drawn to the generally negligible influence of interceptor drains on rates of equilibration of pore-water pressures depressed by unloading in clay soils
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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