255 research outputs found
In vitro inhibition of methane production in bovine rumen fluid cultures by Red Lake Earth, a natural diatomaceous earth-calcium bentonite blend
No full textFarming ruminants contributes to over 25% of anthropogenic methane (CH4), a compound which is 25 times stronger at heat trapping than CO2, making it one of the most impactful of greenhouse gases. Because of this, mitigation of CH4 emissions is critical both environmentally and agriculturally. In this study, the effects of an approved feed additive, Red Lake Earth (RLE), on cattle rumen fluid methane production was observed in vitro. Pure diatomaceous earth (DE), pure calcium bentonite, and mined RLE containing a mixture of these two materials, were tested for their effects on CH4 production in vitro at concentrations from 20 to 100 g/L. After 24 hours of incubation, CH4 production was measured directly from culture headspace using gas chromatography. RLE treatments were found to reduce CH4 production by 90.5% ± 1.9 % compared to untreated cultures, and the 20 g/L treatment was selected for 5 day time course studies using rumen fluid from 4 independent animals. Methane production in RLE treated, 5-day cultures was, on average, inhibited by 59% ± 11% compared to untreated controls. Liquid culture samples were analyzed using quantitative real time PCR (qPCR; mcrA, 18S and 16S rDNA) and reverse transcriptase qPCR (mcrA) to quantify the effects of RLE on numbers of protozoa, bacteria and archaea in cultures. No significant changes in total archaea, bacteria, mcrA genes or protozoa were found when cultures were treated with RLE. However, there was a significant reduction in the transcript to gene ratio of the mcrA gene suggesting that RLE may inhibit methanogenesis by indirectly reducing transcriptional activity. This research strongly supports the ability of RLE to reduce rumen CH4 production in vitro by reducing methanogen activity and suggests further genomic and in vivo studies to assess the potential impact of RLE as a feed additive
In vitro inhibition of methane production in bovine rumen fluid cultures by Red Lake Earth, a natural diatomaceous earth-calcium bentonite blend
No full textFarming ruminants contributes to over 25% of anthropogenic methane (CH4), a compound which is 25 times stronger at heat trapping than CO2, making it one of the most impactful of greenhouse gases. Because of this, mitigation of CH4 emissions is critical both environmentally and agriculturally. In this study, the effects of an approved feed additive, Red Lake Earth (RLE), on cattle rumen fluid methane production was observed in vitro. Pure diatomaceous earth (DE), pure calcium bentonite, and mined RLE containing a mixture of these two materials, were tested for their effects on CH4 production in vitro at concentrations from 20 to 100 g/L. After 24 hours of incubation, CH4 production was measured directly from culture headspace using gas chromatography. RLE treatments were found to reduce CH4 production by 90.5% ± 1.9 % compared to untreated cultures, and the 20 g/L treatment was selected for 5 day time course studies using rumen fluid from 4 independent animals. Methane production in RLE treated, 5-day cultures was, on average, inhibited by 59% ± 11% compared to untreated controls. Liquid culture samples were analyzed using quantitative real time PCR (qPCR; mcrA, 18S and 16S rDNA) and reverse transcriptase qPCR (mcrA) to quantify the effects of RLE on numbers of protozoa, bacteria and archaea in cultures. No significant changes in total archaea, bacteria, mcrA genes or protozoa were found when cultures were treated with RLE. However, there was a significant reduction in the transcript to gene ratio of the mcrA gene suggesting that RLE may inhibit methanogenesis by indirectly reducing transcriptional activity. This research strongly supports the ability of RLE to reduce rumen CH4 production in vitro by reducing methanogen activity and suggests further genomic and in vivo studies to assess the potential impact of RLE as a feed additive
Evaluation of an efficient etack-RLE clustering concept for dynamically adaptive grids
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics via the DOI in this record.Abstract.
One approach to tackle the challenge of efficient implementations for parallel PDE simulations
on dynamically changing grids is the usage of space-filling curves (SFC). While SFC algorithms
possess advantageous properties such as low memory requirements and close-to-optimal partitioning
approaches with linear complexity, they require efficient communication strategies for keeping and
utilizing the connectivity information, in particular for dynamically changing grids. Our approach
is to use a sparse communication graph to store the connectivity information and to transfer data
block-wise. This permits efficient generation of multiple partitions per memory context (denoted
by clustering) which - in combination with a run-length encoding (RLE) - directly leads to elegant
solutions for shared, distributed and hybrid parallelization and allows cluster-based optimizations.
While previous work focused on specific aspects, we present in this paper an overall compact
summary of the stack-RLE clustering approach completed by aspects on the vertex-based communication
that ease up understanding the approach. The central contribution of this work is the proof
of suitability of the stack-RLE clustering approach for an efficient realization of different, relevant
building blocks of Scientific Computing methodology and real-life CSE applications: We show 95%
strong scalability for small-scale scalability benchmarks on 512 cores and weak scalability of over 90%
on 8192 cores for finite-volume solvers and changing grid structure in every time step; optimizations
of simulation data backends by writer tasks; comparisons of analytical benchmarks to analyze the
adaptivity criteria; and a Tsunami simulation as a representative real-world showcase of a wave propagation
for our approach which reduces the overall workload by 95% for parallel fully-adaptive mesh
refinement and, based on a comparison with SFC-ordered regular grid cells, reduces the computation
time by a factor of 7.6 with improved results and a factor of 62.2 with results of similar accuracy of
buoy station dataThis work was partly supported by the German Research
Foundation (DFG) as part of the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre “Invasive
Computing” (SFB/TR 89)
Resonancelike enhancement in high-order above-threshold ionization of polyatomic molecules
No full textWe investigate the resonance-like enhancement (RLE) in high-order above-threshold ionization (ATI) spectra of the polyatomic molecules C2H4 and C2H6. In the spectrum-intensity maps, strong and weak RLE areas emerge alternatively for both C2H4 and C2H6 but in different sequences. Theoretical calculations using the strong-field approximation reproduce the experimental observation and analysis shows that the different characteristics of the two molecules can be attributed to interference effects of molecular orbitals with different symmetries. For C2H4, the RLE structures are attributed to C-C centers of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) orbital. For C2H6, in contrast, the C-C centers of the HOMO and HOMO-1 orbitals do not contribute to the RLE due to destructive interference but the hydrogen centers of the bonding HOMO-1 orbital give rise to the multiple RLE regions. In addition, clear experimental evidence of the existence of two types of the RLE and their dependence on the parity of ground state is shown. Our result, which strongly supports the channel-closing mechanism of the RLE, for the first time reveals the important role of low-lying orbitals and the differing roles of different atomic centers in the high-order ATI spectrum of molecules.National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB922200, 2011CB808102]; NNSFC [11304117, 11304329, 11175227, 11105205, 11274050, 11334009, 11534004, 11425414, 11274141, 11504215]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2013M530137, 2015T80293]; IMRAM projectSCI(E)[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Dialogue with peers in professional training and the construction of the identity of the teacher-author-educator
No full textO presente trabalho analisa a construção da identidade do professor-autor-formador em um contexto acadêmico de indução à prática docente, à reflexão continuada sobre as práticas e ao registro escrito de atividades pedagógicas visando a promover o diálogo e a troca de conhecimentos com os pares e a comunidade profissional mais ampla. Desde uma perspectiva de formação de professores como uma prática social emergente das interações entre professores (NÓVOA, 1995; PÉREZ-GÓMEZ, 1995; GARCEZ; SCHLATTER, 2017; COSTA, 2018), são descritos eventos de formação em que duas professoras negociam a criação de uma unidade didática e a apresentação dos materiais em um evento acadêmico. Ao construir a identidade de professoras-autoras-formadoras, as participantes constituíram um repertório de trajetórias paradigmáticas (WENGER, 1998) a partir da investigação de suas práticas pedagógicas e do estabelecimento de parcerias em coautoria, atividades que constituem letramentos acadêmico-profissionais valorizados nas comunidades de prática em que participam.This paper analyzes the construction of the teacher-author-educator identity in an academic context of induction to teaching practice, to continuous reflection on the practices and to written reports on pedagogical activities aiming at promoting dialogue and knowledge-sharing with their peers and the wider professional community. Based on a perspective of teacher’s education as a social practice emerging from the interactions between teachers (NÓVOA, 1995; PÉREZ-GÓMEZ, 1995; GARCEZ; SCHLATTER, 2017; COSTA, 2018), teacher’s education events are described in which two teachers negotiate the design of a lesson plan and the presentation of the materials in an academic conference. While constructing the identity of teacher-author-educator, the participants built a repertoire of paradigmatic trajectories (WENGER, 1998) by investigating their pedagogical practices and establishing co-authoring partnerships, activities that are part of academic-professional literacies valued in the communities of practice in which they participate
Wind-tunnel studies of certain meteorological tower siting characteristics at the James A. Fitzpatrick Nuclear Power Station
No full textFinal report (November 1986-January 1988).CER87-88-RNM-RLE-SHS-DEN1.February 1988.CSU contract (i.e. project) no. 2-96920.Includes bibliographical references (pages 50-51).For New York Power Authority, Contract no. 027277-86
Salmer i kirke og skole
No full textIn the light of the Lutheran hymn tradition, the article investigates how the Plan for Christian Education of the Church of Norway reflects on hymn singing. The author compares hymn lists from a few congregations to the hymns in school songbooks. The article discuss the purpose and intention of hymn singing, and the correspondence between hymns used in church and the RLE subject. The core question is whether hymn singing is an expression of faith or of culture, and how hymn singing influences on identity.Keywords: Hymn singing in church • Christian education • Identification • Hymns in school songbooks • The curriculum of the RLE subjectNøkkelord: Salmesang i kirken • Kristendomsundervisning • Identifikasjon • Salmer i skolens sangbøker • Læreplanenen i RLE</jats:p
Salmer i kirke og skole
No full textIn the light of the Lutheran hymn tradition, the article investigates how the Plan for Christian Education of the Church of Norway reflects on hymn singing. The author compares hymn lists from a few congregations to the hymns in school songbooks. The article discuss the purpose and intention of hymn singing, and the correspondence between hymns used in church and the RLE subject. The core question is whether hymn singing is an expression of faith or of culture, and how hymn singing influences on identity.Keywords: Hymn singing in church • Christian education • Identification • Hymns in school songbooks • The curriculum of the RLE subjectNøkkelord: Salmesang i kirken • Kristendomsundervisning • Identifikasjon • Salmer i skolens sangbøker • Læreplanenen i RL
IUCN red list of ecosystems
No full textWe begin by briefly examining the achievements of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and offering it as the model and motivator for the creation of the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems (RLE). The history of the RLE concept within IUCN is briefly summarized, from the first attempt to formally establish an RLE in 1996 to the present. Major activities since 2008, when the World Conservation Congress initiated a "consultation process for the development, implementation and monitoring of a global standard for the assessment of ecosystem status, applicable at local, regional and global levels," have included: Development of a research agenda for strengthening the scientific foundations of the RLE, publication of preliminary categories and criteria for examination by the scientific and conservation community, dissemination of the effort widely by presenting it at workshops and conferences around the world, and encouraging tests of the system for a diversity of ecosystem types and in a variety of institutional settings. Between 2009 and 2012, the Red List of Ecosystems Thematic Group of the IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management organized 18 workshops and delivered 17 conferences in 20 countries on 5 continents, directly reaching hundreds of participants. Our vision for the future includes the integration of the RLE to the other three key IUCN knowledge products (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, World Database on Protected Areas and Key Biodiversity Areas), in an on-line, user-driven, freely-accessible information management system for performing biodiversity assessments. In addition we wish to pilot the integration of the RLE into land/water use planning and macro-economic planning. Fundamental challenges for the future include: Substantial expansion in existing institutional and technical capacity (especially in biodiversity-rich countries in the developing world), progressive assessment of the status of all terrestrial, freshwater, marine and subterranean ecosystems, and development of a map of the ecosystems of the world. Our ultimate goal is that national, regional and global RLEs are used to inform conservation and land/water use decision-making by all sectors of society. © Author(s) 2012
FSMI: Fast computation of Shannon mutual information for information-theoretic mapping
No full text© The Author(s) 2020. Exploration tasks are embedded in many robotics applications, such as search and rescue and space exploration. Information-based exploration algorithms aim to find the most informative trajectories by maximizing an information-theoretic metric, such as the mutual information between the map and potential future measurements. Unfortunately, most existing information-based exploration algorithms are plagued by the computational difficulty of evaluating the Shannon mutual information metric. In this article, we consider the fundamental problem of evaluating Shannon mutual information between the map and a range measurement. First, we consider 2D environments. We propose a novel algorithm, called the fast Shannon mutual information (FSMI). The key insight behind the algorithm is that a certain integral can be computed analytically, leading to substantial computational savings. Second, we consider 3D environments, represented by efficient data structures, e.g., an OctoMap, such that the measurements are compressed by run-length encoding (RLE). We propose a novel algorithm, called FSMI-RLE, that efficiently evaluates the Shannon mutual information when the measurements are compressed using RLE. For both the FSMI and the FSMI-RLE, we also propose variants that make different assumptions on the sensor noise distribution for the purpose of further computational savings. We evaluate the proposed algorithms in extensive experiments. In particular, we show that the proposed algorithms outperform existing algorithms that compute Shannon mutual information as well as other algorithms that compute the Cauchy–Schwarz quadratic mutual information (CSQMI). In addition, we demonstrate the computation of Shannon mutual information on a 3D map for the first time
- …
