72 research outputs found
Response to: ‘Cannabis use before safety sensitive work: What delay is prudent?’
No full textWe read with interest the commentary by Beckson et al., 2020 on our recent publication, entitled: ‘Determining the magnitude and duration of acute Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)-induced driving and cognitive impairment: A systematic and meta-analytic review’ (McCartney et al., 2021).Full Tex
Determining the magnitude and duration of acute Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)-induced driving and cognitive impairment: A systematic and meta-analytic review
No full textThe increasing legal availability of cannabis has important implications for road safety. This systematic review characterised the acute effects of Δ9-THC on driving performance and driving-related cognitive skills, with a particular focus on the duration of Δ9-THC-induced impairment. Eighty publications and 1534 outcomes were reviewed. Several measures of driving performance and driving-related cognitive skills (e.g. lateral control, tracking, divided attention) demonstrated impairment in meta-analyses of “peak” Δ9-THC effects (p’s<0.05). Multiple meta-regression analyses further found that regular cannabis users experianced less impairment than ‘other’ (mostly occasional) cannabis users (p = 0.003) and that the magnitude of oral (n = 243 effect estimates [EE]) and inhaled (n = 481 EEs) Δ9-THC-induced impairment depended on various factors (dose, post-treatment time interval, the performance domain (skill) assessed) in other cannabis users (p’s<0.05). The latter model predicted that most driving-related cognitive skills would ‘recover’ (Hedges’ g=–0.25) within ∼5-hs (and almost all within ∼7-hs) of inhaling 20 mg of Δ9-THC; oral Δ9-THC-induced impairment may take longer to subside. These results suggest individuals should wait at least 5 -hs following inhaled cannabis use before performing safety-sensitive tasks.Full Tex
Are blood and oral fluid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and metabolite concentrations related to impairment? A meta-regression analysis
No full textBlood and oral fluid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations are often used to identify cannabis-impaired drivers. We used meta-analytic techniques to characterise the relationships between biomarkers of cannabis use, subjective intoxication, and impairment of driving and driving-related cognitive skills. Twenty-eight publications and 822 driving-related outcomes were reviewed. Each outcome was measured in concert with one or more biomarkers of cannabis/THC use and/or subjective intoxication. Higher blood THC and 11−OH-THC concentrations, oral fluid THC concentrations and subjective ratings of intoxication were associated with greater impairment in ‘other’ (mostly occasional) cannabis users (p's0.10), although the analyses were less robust. Blood and oral fluid THC concentrations are relatively poor indicators of cannabis/THC-induced impairment.Full Tex
Class of 1907
No full textClass composite photograph for Chicago-Kent College of Law class of 1907.
Students and faculty pictured:
Faculty
Rufus Boddinghouse
Thomas E.D. Bradley
Charles A. Brown
Webster H. Burke
Edmund Whitney Burke
Orrin N. Carter
Charles S. Cutting
William Elmore Foster
Henry V. Freeman
M. Henry Guerin
Guy Guernsey
Edward C. Higgins
Charles H. Jackson
Marcus Kavanagh
Charles E. Kremer
A.A. McClanahan
Thomas A. Moran
Harold N. Moyer
Charles G. Neely
William J. Pringle
Simeon P. Shope
Louis Spahn
Students
John C. Armstrong
Walter M. Baird
George Farmer Barrett
Charles Willet Bartine
Durlin Serenus Benedict
Henry Avrohome Berger
Alexander C. Biederman
Harry Bierma
Sidney F. Blanc
James E. Bowles
W. B. Cain
Lee Cohn
W. J. Conway, Jr.
John Arkell Cooke
Henry E. Coonley
Martin Phelps Cornelius
Edna Howard Covert
Thomas M. Crane
Reginald Clement Darley
John DeGrazia
James F. Fardy
Charles Edward Feirich
James J. Fitzpatrick
George Harry Foster
James S. Gallagher
George Christopher Guthrie
Arthur J. Haggenjos
Walter William Henke
George H. Hough
Lawrence Black Jacobs
Benjamin Alfred Johnson
Bernard Francis Johnston
James G. Kiernan
Charles William Kolm
Alexander S. Kratky
Peter C. Lahlum
Joseph H. Landes
Joseph L. McCarthy
William McKinley
Robert A. Meier, Jr.
George Meyer
Alexander C. Miskelly
Edward R. Newman
Robert A. Pickard
Roy W. Pierce
Earl Richard Reynolds
Michael B. Roderic
Eugene W. Rogers
Henry R. Schlytter
Arthur L. Schwartz
William H. Shaw
Walter Shea
Samuel Shutan
William W. Smith
William B. Stevens
Frederic M. Stoner
Daniel J. Sullivan
Edward P. Summers
Ward Vanderpool
Wenceslaus Joseph Vavra
Joseph Ethelbert White
Ednyfed Henry Williams
William A. Wrasehttps://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/composites/1010/thumbnail.jp
The medial entorhinal cortex is necessary for the stimulus control over hippocampal place fields by distal, but not proximal, landmarks
No full textA fundamental property of place cells in the hippocampus is the anchoring of their firing fields to salient landmarks within the environment. However, it is unclear how such information reaches the hippocampus. In the current experiment, we tested the hypothesis that the stimulus control exerted by distal visual landmarks requires input from the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC). Place cells were recorded from mice with ibotenic acid lesions of the MEC (n = 7) and from sham-lesioned mice (n = 6) following 90° rotations of either distal landmarks or proximal cues in a cue- controlled environment. We found that lesions of the MEC impaired the anchoring of place fields to distal landmarks, but not proximal cues. We also observed that, relative to sham-lesioned mice, place cells in animals with MEC lesions exhibited significantly reduced spatial information and increased sparsity. These results support the view that distal landmark information reaches the hippocampus via the MEC, but that proximal cue information can do so via an alternative neural pathway
Determining the magnitude and duration of acute Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-THC)-induced driving and cognitive impairment: a systematic and meta-analytic review.
No full textThe increasing legal availability of cannabis has important implications for road safety. This systematic review characterised the acute effects of Δ-THC on driving performance and driving-related cognitive skills, with a particular focus on the duration of Δ-THC-induced impairment. Eighty publications and 1534 outcomes were reviewed. Several measures of driving performance and driving-related cognitive skills (e.g. lateral control, tracking, divided attention) demonstrated impairment in meta-analyses of "peak" Δ-THC effects (p's<0.05). Multiple meta-regression analyses further found that regular cannabis users experianced less impairment than 'other' (mostly occasional) cannabis users (p = 0.003) and that the magnitude of oral (n = 243 effect estimates [EE]) and inhaled (n = 481 EEs) Δ-THC-induced impairment depended on various factors (dose, post-treatment time interval, the performance domain (skill) assessed) in other cannabis users (p's<0.05). The latter model predicted that most driving-related cognitive skills would 'recover' (Hedges' g=-0.25) within ∼5-hs (and almost all within ∼7-hs) of inhaling 20 mg of Δ-THC; oral Δ-THC-induced impairment may take longer to subside. These results suggest individuals should wait at least 5 -hs following inhaled cannabis use before performing safety-sensitive tasks
The history of Carlton in Coverdale, 1086-1910
No full textThis thesis brings together a wealth of evidence, from very scattered sources, to examine the history of a village and township in the Yorkshire Dales. At first sight Carlton in Coverdale appeared to be poorly documented, and in the past it has been written off as uninteresting; but a rich and varied history is here brought to light. The study takes a long view, from the first documentary record in Domesday
Book to the 'New Domesday', the valuation which resulted from the Budget of 1909-10. Main themes considered are land ownership, land use, prosperity and poverty, and religion. Findings from fieldwork are combined with documentary
evidence to demonstrate the development of the village and the landscape.
Topics studied in detail include the consequences for Carlton of the dissolution of Coverharn Abbey; the fight by the tenants of the Lordship of Middleharn and Richmond to preserve their tenure by 'tenant right'; the transfer of the Lordship by the Crown to the City of London, and its eventual sale to the tenants.
From monastic times, the parish church at Coverham was an impropriated living. The thesis considers the harmful consequences for the parish of its status as a perpetual curacy, and traces these through to a low point at the end of the eighteenth century. It goes on to examine the eventual recovery, and new energy, in the nineteenth century. Other religious groups, Roman Catholic, Quaker, and Methodist, each played a distinctive part in village history. The thesis charts the ways in which they contributed to a varied pattern of religious belief.
The parliamentary enclosure of the West Pasture and the Moor is a major topic, and particular attention is paid to the fortunes of small landowners. The predictions of agricultural reformers were not fulfilled; the thesis demonstrates that there was very little increase in the amount of arable land being cultivated in the township after the enclosure. Arable later disappeared entirely. Other aspects of landownership are investigated: the balance between large and small owners, and resident and non-resident owners, and the numbers of owner-occupiers.
For the second half of the nineteenth century census material is used to analyse the agricultural workforce, with due emphasis given to the role Of farmers' wives in
the survival of family farms. Census material is also presented for the craftsmen and tradesmen, who served the surrounding area, as well as Carlton itself In the later
nineteenth century there was large-scale outward migration, and some old yeoman families were lost. The study puts this in context as part of the general rural exodus,
and demonstrates that enclosure cannot be put forward as the cause. The thesis examines the numbers who left the village, with evidence about their destinations,
and about some who returned. The population which remained in Carlton was depleted, but was not out of balance in terms of age or gender. The thesis presents a community at the end of the period of study that was socially cohesive, with mixed housing, strong inter-personal links, and a well-developed sense of village identity
Reading the inventory: household goods, domestic cultures and difference in England and Wales, 1841–81
No full textPhDThis thesis employs almost five hundred household inventories relating to properties in England and Wales between 1841 and 1881; they provide the first large-scale evidence for what people’s houses during this period actually contained. Taking a material culture approach, investigation moves between aggregate analysis, interpretation of individual cases and a qualitative reading of contemporary texts to consider the practical, social and cultural meanings of the contents listed in the inventories.
Firstly, differences between the ways that different categories of people equipped and laid out their homes are identified. This calibrates existing class-based accounts, which are based on sources further removed from actual practice, and finds that differences relating to personal wealth and occupation were substantially moderated by geographical location.
Secondly, the thesis addresses the functional specialisation of space that has been understood as a fundamental principle of nineteenth-century domestic organisation. It finds that, although some specialisations were widespread, in the area of hospitable provision many homes manifested a flexible, pragmatic, approach; strict specialisation was confined to the wealthier middle classes.
Thirdly, the meanings of bedroom goods are tracked in contemporary texts. The bedroom, which has been relatively ignored by historians of the nineteenth-century home, appears as a focal site for ideas about cleanliness, convenience, class, health, science and progress; it was here, in the middle of the century, in the private reaches of the private home, that there was a voluntary adoption of public health measures.
Throughout, detailed interpretation of single inventories counterbalances aggregate analysis. This reveals the complicated ways that individuals adopted, rejected or negotiated norms and throws into relief the way that ‘ideal’ separations, such as that between home and work, were in practice impossible
The effect of cannabidiol on simulated car driving performance: A randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover, dose‐ranging clinical trial protocol
No full textObjective: Interest in the use of cannabidiol (CBD) is increasing worldwide as its therapeutic effects are established and legal restrictions moderated. Unlike Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), CBD does not appear to cause cognitive or psychomotor impairment. However, further assessment of its effects on cognitively demanding day-to-day activities, such as driving, is warranted. Here, we describe a study investigating the effects of CBD on simulated driving and cognitive performance.
Methods: Thirty healthy individuals will be recruited to participate in this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Participants will complete four research sessions each involving two 30-min simulated driving performance tests completed 45 and 210 min following oral ingestion of placebo or 15, 300, or 1,500 mg CBD. Cognitive function and subjective drug effects will be measured, and blood and oral fluid sampled, at regular intervals. Oral fluid drug testing will be performed using the Securetec DrugWipe® 5S and Dräger DrugTest® 5000 devices to determine whether CBD increases the risk of “false-positive” roadside tests to Δ9-THC. Noninferiority analyses will test the hypothesis that CBD is no more impairing than placebo.
Conclusion: This study will clarify the risks involved in driving following CBD use and assist in ensuring the safe use of CBD by drivers.Full Tex
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