155 research outputs found
PROCURATOR\u27S LEGAL SITUATION
No full textNaloga ponuja bralcu celovit oris instituta prokure. Koncept naloge temelji na pregledu domače pravne ureditve prokure, pri določenih področjih pa je v nalogi predstavljena tudi ureditev v sorodnih pravnih sistemih (predvsem nemškem in avstrijskem, v manjšem delu tudi hrvaškem). Primerjalno pravna analiza pokaže, da poizkuša večina obravnavanih pravnih sistemov institut prokure urediti na soroden oziroma vsaj primerljiv način, precej podobno pa se prokuro obravnava tudi v literaturi. Kljub temu so pri določenih vprašanjih v literaturi pravna mnenja dokaj neenotna, prav tako tudi odgovorov na mnoga vprašanja ni moč najti niti v zakonu niti v obstoječi literaturi.
Poudarek v nalogi je dan obravnavi pravnega položaja in pristojnosti prokurista, poleg tega pa so celovito predstavljena tudi druga področja instituta prokure. Kot bistveno vprašanje – kar poizkuša biti tudi rdeča nit naloge – je predstavljeno vprašanje oziroma ločevanje pristojnosti med prokuristom in zakonitim zastopnikom družbe, pri čemer se izhaja iz osnovnega koncepta prokure kot vrste pooblastila. K temu se navezuje tudi subsidiarna uporaba nekaterih pravil iz zakonske ureditve mandatne pogodbe.
Upoštevajoč obstoječo zakonsko ureditev instituta prokure in njegovo uporabo ter dojemanje v poslovnem svetu, avtor ocenjuje, da so nekatera zakonska določila nejasna oziroma je na določenih mestih prisotna podnormiranost, glede uporabe prokure v poslovnem svetu pa ugotavlja, da se ta mestoma napačno dojema ter posledično temu tako tudi uporablja. Naloga na nekaterih področjih zato vsebinsko precej odstopa od mnenj, ki jih je mogoče najti v literaturi.
Kot že omenjeno, predstavlja glavnino naloge ločnica med pristojnostmi prokurista in zakonitega zastopnika družbe, saj tako v poslovnem svetu, kakor tudi v pravni literaturi, ta ločnica med njima včasih precej »zbledi«. K temu dodatno pripomore tudi zakonsko dana možnost določitve mešanega skupnega zastopanja zakonitega zastopnika in prokurista družbe, saj zakon pristojnosti obeh v teh primerih natančneje ne ureja. V nalogi se zastopa stališče, da takšna oblika za zastopanje družb ni primerna.
V kontekstu z navedenim se v nalogi uvodoma obravnava tudi širši pogled glede določitve pristojnosti pooblaščencev, katere so umeščene med pristojnostmi sla in pristojnostmi samega pooblastitelja. Slednje velja tudi za prokurista.
V uvodnem delu se naloga podrobneje ukvarja tudi z vprašanjem določitve oseb, pristojnih za podelitev prokure v družbi, pri čemer je večji del namenjen analizi ureditve te pristojnosti v družbi z omejeno odgovornostjo in delniški družbi. Zakon tega vprašanja pri delniški družbi namreč ne ureja, pri obeh družbah pa se to vprašanje obravnava tudi v povezavi s pristojnostmi nadzornega sveta, v kolikor družba deluje na principu dvotirnega sistema upravljanja. V nadaljevanju so obravnavane tudi druge pristojnosti nadzornega sveta nad delom prokurista, kljub temu, da so pristojnosti obeh na prvi pogled obeh povsem ločene.
V času nastajanja naloge se je kot aktualno pokazalo tudi vprašanje glede prokuristove pristojnosti za zastopanje družbe v sodnih (predvsem pravdnih) postopkih, pri čemer se – glede na obstoječo zakonsko ureditev - zavzema stališče, da lahko prokurist v teh postopkih družbo veljavno zastopa, vendar pa mora pri tem izpolnjevati tudi pogoje, ki mu jih nalaga procesna zakonodaja. To vprašanje se navezuje tudi na pravico oziroma pristojnost prokurista, da podeli pooblastilo za zastopanje družbe (kar zajema tudi procesno pooblastilo) drugim osebam, vendar pa kljub nekaterim mnenjem v literaturi, da ta pravica prokuristu nedvomno pripada, naloga stoji na stališču, da je v tem primeru prokurista potrebno obravnavati enako kot vse druge pooblaščence in zato prokuristu ta pravica pripada le v izrednih primerih. Te primere določa drugi odstavek 71. člena OZ.
V teoriji se poudarja strogo ločevanje prokure od pogodbenega razmerja, katero je temelj njene podelitve, pri čemer je govoraDiploma paper gives a reader a complete outline of procuration. Paper concept is based on the overview of domestic legal arrangements of procuration. In certain areas there are presented systems in similar legal systems (mostly in Germanic and Austrian, and in smaller degree also in Croatian). Comparative legal analysis shows that the majority of discussed legal systems try to arrange procuration similarly or at least in a comparable manner. Very similarly procuration is discussed in literature. Despite that legal opinions are quite incoherent about certain questions in literature. Likewise it is not possible to find many answers for many questions neither in law nor in existing literature.
Emphasis of this paper is seen at discussing procurator\u27s legal situation and competences. Additionally, also other areas of procuration are presented comprehensively. As a key issue, and what is also a topic of this diploma paper, is a question about separating procurator\u27s competences from those of legal representative of the company. Here we are coming from basic concept of procuration as a kind of authorization. To this refers subsidiary usage of some rules from legal regulation of mandatory contract.
Considering existing legal regulation of procuration and its usage and perception in the business world, author believes that some legal provisions are unclear. It can be said that at some points under-standardisation is present. Regarding to usage of procuration in business world author determines that here and there it is wrongly perceived and consequently also used the same way. This is the reason that diploma paper in some areas substantively derogates from opinions, which can be found in literature.
As mentioned before the majority of diploma paper is about separating procurator’s competences from those of a legal representative of the company. The reason for this is that in business world as well as in legal literature there is not a clear line of separation. Additionally to this helps legally given possibility of mixed joint representation of legal representative and procurator of the company. Law does not precisely define competences of them both. The position of diploma paper is that this kind of form for representation of companies is not appropriate.
In the context of the above in paper\u27s introduction a wider view regarding definitions of authorised representative\u27s competences are discussed, which are placed between messenger competences and appointers competences. The latter goes also for the procurator.
At the beginning diploma paper is dealing with a question how to designate people who are responsible for granting procuration in a company. Greater part is given to analysing of arranging this competence in a limited liability company and in a joint-stock company. Law does not regulate this question in a joint-stock company. By both companies this question is being approached in connection with supervisory board\u27s competences if the company operates on the principle of two-tier management system. Following part of diploma paper discusses also other supervisory board\u27s competences over procurator\u27s work, despite the fact that competences of them both are completely separated at a glance.
During writing of diploma paper a question appeared. This is a question about procurator\u27s competence for representing company in court (mainly civil) proceedings. Regarding to existing legal regulations the standpoint is that procurator can validly represent the company in this proceedings, but procurator has to satisfy the requirements that are connected to procedural legislation. This question is also connected to procurator\u27s right and competence to grant authorisation for company representation (that contains also procedural authorisation) to other bodies. Despite some opinions in literature that this right undoubtedly belongs to the procurator, this diploma paper takes the stand that in this case procurator has to be treated as all other authorised representatives. This is the reason that above mentioned righ
En guise de bibliographie: Hommage à Gregor Perko, linguiste et cher collègue
No full textGiven that Gregor Perko’s bibliography is available at a link to SICRIS, the author of this article preferred to highlight some of the character traits of her colleague, which are evident from the paratext of his works: a sense of humour, passion for fiction, and benevolence and collegiality. The author also recalled her professional collaboration with her colleague, thus shedding further light on his personality. She concluded her contribution with two notes of appreciation written to professor Perko by two former students of French.La bibliographie de Gregor Perko étant entièrement accessible en ligne, l’auteure de l’article a préféré mettre en lumière certains traits de caractère de son collègue, perceptibles dans les paratextes de ses travaux : esprit et sens de l’humour, passion pour les belles-lettres, bienveillance et confraternité. Pour compléter cette illustration, elle a évoqué quelques moments de leur coopération professionnelle et conclu ses réminiscences avec les mots de gratitude exprimés à l’égard du professeur par deux anciennes étudiantes de français.Glede na to, da je bibliografija Gregorja Perka dostopna preko internetne povezave na SICRIS-ov izpis, se je avtorica članka raje odločila izpostaviti nekatere značajske poteze kolega, razvidne iz parateksta njegovih del: duhovitost oz. smisel za humor, strast do leposlovja ter dobrohotnost in kolegialnost. Spomnila se je tudi njunega strokovnega sodelovanja ter tako še dodatno osvetlila njegovo osebnost. Sestavek je zaključila z zahvalama, ki sta ju profesorju napisali bivši študentki francoščine
Popis gradiva in načrt ureditve knjižnice svetega Jurija v Piranu
No full textStare in redke knjige se skrivajo za zidovi cerkvenih knjižnic. Žal vse niso vključene v sistem COBISS in tako ostajajo nedostopne stroki in širši javnosti. Ena takšnih knjižnic je tudi kapiteljska knjižnica sv. Jurija v Piranu. O njej se ve le to, da hrani približno 200 tekočih metrov gradiva. V preteklosti je obstajal katalog delni popis knjig, vendar se je tekom let izgubil. Knjižne omare in police so označene in oštevilčene, zato lahko sklepamo, da je nekoč za to knjižnico obstajala tudi določena klasifikacija. Bežen pogled obiskovalcu razkrije, da gre za knjige z letnico natisa 1700 in manj. Za potrebe magistrske naloge je bil opravljen delni popis gradiva, s katerim smo dobili majhen vpogled v celoto. Pri popisu so bile najdene 3 inkunabule in 2 rokopisa in vse so bile v izredno slabem stanju. Popis je obsegal zaporedno številko, avtorja, naslov, založnika, kraj, leto, višino hrbta, širino hrbta, dolžino stranice, stopnjo ohranjenosti knjižnega bloka, stopnjo ohranjenosti knjižnega hrbta, vrsto vezave, poškodbe gradiva, klasifikacijsko oznako gradiva, opombe, postavitev na omari in na polici. V vzorcu je večina gradiva z versko tematiko, svoje mesto na policah pa imajo tudi knjige v latinščini, grščini, hebrejščini. Popis in pregled gradiva je potrdil domneve, da je gradivo v slabem stanju in da so pogoji hranjenja neprimerni. Čas, vlaga, sol v zraku, prah in škodljivci so povzročili propadanje dragocenega gradiva. Popisane knjige so se pred nadaljnjim propadanjem minimalno zaščitile tako, da se je vsako obrisalo s suho bombažno krpo in z njih očistilo prah. Rešitev za to knjižnico je, da se gradivo v celoti popiše in očisti, zloži v škatle in preseli na začasno lokacijo. Med tem časom bi bilo potrebno prostor obnoviti in pripraviti ustrezne pogoje za nadaljnjo hrambo gradiva.Old and rare books lie hidden behind the walls of church libraries. Unfortunately, not all are included in the COBISS system and thus remain inaccessible to both, experts and a wider readership. One of such churches is the capital church of St George in Piran. What is known of it is that it keeps around 200 running metres of books. There used to be a catalogue a partial inventory of the books, but got lost over the years. Bookcases and shelves are labelled and numbered, so we may conclude that the library used to have a certain classification. A quick glance over the books reveals that they date back to 1700 or even earlier. A partial inventory of the materials was put together for the purposes of this masters thesis. This gave us a brief insight into the system as a whole. Whilst taking the inventory, three incunabula and two manuscripts were found, all in very bad condition. The inventory included a serial number, author, title, publisher, place and year of publication, spine height and width, side length, level of preservation of the signature and spine, type of binding, damage, classification number, notes, and place in the bookcase and on the shelf. The majority of books in the library are of religious content. Books in Latin, Greek and Hebrew can also be found on the shelves. The inventory and the overview of the materials have confirmed the assumption that the books are in poor condition and not properly stored. Time, damp, salt in the air, and dust have caused such valuable materials to decay. The inventoried books were protected from further decay by wiping off the dust with a dry cotton cloth. The priority at this library is to make an inventory of all materials, dust them, put in boxes and move to a temporary location. Meanwhile, the original place should be renovated in order to meet the standards of proper storage in the future
Uncertainty quantification in steady state simulations of a molten salt system using polynomial chaos expansion analysis
No full textUncertainty Quantification (UQ) of numerical simulations is highly relevant in the study and design of complex systems. Among the various approaches available, Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) analysis has recently attracted great interest. It belongs to non-intrusive spectral projection methods and consists of constructing system responses as polynomial functions of the stochastic inputs. The limited number of required model evaluations and the possibility to apply it to codes without any modification make this technique extremely attractive. In this work, we propose the use of PCE to perform UQ of complex, multi-physics models for liquid fueled reactors, addressing key design aspects of neutronics and thermal fluid dynamics. Our PCE approach uses Smolyak sparse grids designed to estimate the PCE coefficients. To test its potential, the PCE method was applied to a 2D problem representative of the Molten Salt Fast Reactor physics. An in-house multi-physics tool constitutes the reference model. The studied responses are the maximum temperature and the effective multiplication factor. Results, validated by comparison with the reference model on 103 Monte-Carlo sampled points, prove the effectiveness of our PCE approach in assessing uncertainties of complex coupled models.RST/Reactor Physics and Nuclear Material
The Travelogue Lacroma, Work of Stephanie, Crown Princess of Austria, and Anton Perko, Seascape Painter at the Court
No full textU putopisnom djelu Lacroma objavljenom na njemačkom jeziku 1892. g. krunska princeza udova Stephanie (1864.-1945.) donosi opis dubrovačkog otoka Lokruma, njegove bogate kulturne i prirodne baštine te ljetnikovca nastalog Maksimilijanovom adaptacijom benediktinskog samostana. Anton Perko (1833.-1905.), dvorski marinist i princezin osobni tajnik ilustrira to djelo pejzažima i prikazima detalja carske rezidencije te nam taj prikaz otoka pruža jedinstveni uvid u noviju povijest otoka i njegov nekadašnji izgled iz razdoblja imperijalnog ljetnikovca. Članak analizira tekstualni i likovni segment putopisa i njegov značaj za poznavanje novije povijesti i umjetničke baštine otoka.Among the numerous travelogues describing southern Dalmatia, Dubrovnik, and its surroundings, the booklet called Lacroma merits special attention. Its author was the widowed Crown Princess Stephanie (1864-1945) and the illustrations were provided by Anton Perko, seascape painter at the court and the former governor of Lokrum. The first edition was published in 1892 in German, followed by an Italian one five years later. This article focuses on the first, German edition. Painter Anton Perko (1833-1905) stayed on the island of Lokrum from January 1879 until the beginning of 1881, with minor absences. The following year, he spent the entire winter on the island, and when the princely couple moved to Vienna, he also moved there in 1883. After the Mayerling drama, when Rudolf and his young mistress Marie Vetsera were found dead under mysterious circumstances, Perko’s life changed as well, yet he remained in the service of the widowed princess until 1896, when he retired. Anton Perko did not write an autobiography, but his important position in the royal household is evident from the fact that Stephanie and her daughter took care of his widow after his death in 1905.
In 1892, a volume on Dalmatia was published as part of the complex work Die österreichisch-ungarische Monarchie in Wort und Bild, initiated by Prince Rudolf and continued by his widow Stephanie, which must have also inspired her to write a separate book on Lokrum with its rich historical, cultural, and natural heritage. Her description of Lokrum is intended for future tourists, potential visitors from the north, and introduces the reader to this insular Arcadia with descriptions of its position in southern Dalmatia and Dubrovnik, after which she turns to the history of Lokrum and its monuments, with reference to two written sources: the Apendius chronicle and the Memorie storiche sull’isola Lacroma, published in Vienna in 1861. Illustrations by Anton Perko are completely subjected to the text, eternalizing scenes described by Princess Stephanie and faithfully presenting the details that intrigued the author. The German version of Lacroma was published shortly before the end of Perko’s active life, spent largely next to the Crown Prince and his wife. It may thus be understood as a sort of sublimation for his work as the court secretary and painter. Sketches for the nineteen illustrations in the Lokrum booklet were probably made in the previous decades, while Perko was still the governor of the island. Among his works donated to the libraries of Dubrovnik, there are three drawing folders of small dimensions titled Lacroma and dated to 1879 and 1880 respectively, as well as a number of drawings and watercolours showing Lokrum’s landscapes. As a passionate sketcher, Perko must have made a far larger number of drawings on the island, but they must have been acquired by Stephanie after his death, which is why the Dubrovnik collection possesses only a small segment of his oeuvre. With its historical overview, descriptions of architecture and vegetation, and especially the contemporary details, this travelogue offers a precious insight into the appearance and life of the island in the 19th century. Especially valuable details include those referring to the interior of the summerhouse, inscriptions on the walls of the monastery, and Maximilian’s poetry, which Stephanie recorded preserving it from oblivion and making it available for a wider audience. Perko’s illustrations carefully follow the text, completely subjecting themselves to the author’s tone and introducing us to the solitude of island vistas and their hidden beauty in the conservative artistic tradition of the late 19th century. The painter has drawn with utter precision the architecture and the vistas of the island, the imperial residence, and the coastline, including the rare inhabitants in the serene solitude of their isolation, in the spirit of Austro-Hungarian Orientalism that he adhered to, yet he also gave us an image of the island that is nowadays almost unrecognizable owing to the rich vegetation. This paper analysis the textual and visual segments of the travelogue and their contribution to our knowledge of the island’s recent history, including the imperial residence and the natural resources
Multi-Task Learning for Optimal Dose and Contour Prediction in Adaptive Proton Therapy
No full textAdaptive proton therapy (APT) removes one of the most significant sources of inaccuracy in treatment delivery, which is using a treatment plan based on an outdated patient anatomy. Adapting the plan throughout the treatment is crucial for delivering an optimal dose to the patient, whose anatomy is constantly changing. This is especially true for proton therapy, where the delivered dose is highly dependent on the range accuracy. Imaging and plan adaptation must be performed online, immediately before the dose delivery, to take maximum advantage of the benefits of APT. The main problem with online APT is that adaptation of the treatment plan takes too long. Therefore, automation of the processes is required to ensure they can be executed adequately in a short time frame.Deep learning methods have been successfully applied in two processes required for adaptation, namely the definition of structure contours on a CT scan and determining an optimal dose distribution for a given anatomy. Since a treatment plan is dependent on the locations of the different structures, dose prediction methods rely on manually defined contours, which are not available for daily CT scans in APT due to time limitations. This research aims to develop an approach that determines an optimal dose distribution for prostate cancer patients without using manual structure contours.We use 3D U-Nets for image segmentation and registration as methods for defining the contours on an image. We use another 3D U-Net to predict an optimal dose distribution, which can use predicted or manually defined contours as input. In addition to this, we use two multitask learning approaches that allow one network to perform both contour definition and dose prediction, which makes it possible to share information between the tasks. The first approach is a cross-stitch network that allows two networks to share feature maps if this is beneficial and the second approach is a w-net that consecutively performs contour definition and dose prediction, using the predicted contours for the dose prediction.The manual contour based dose prediction performed well in the area around the structures, resulting in a test set average 2%/2mm gamma pass rate of 93.4% ± 3.2% and a Dmean prediction error of 0.45% ± 0.36% in the prostate. The average errors for predicting measures such as D95 and V95% in the targets range from 1% to 3%. The best method for predicting optimal dose distributions without manual contours is to first predict the contours on the CT scan and use those contours for the dose prediction. However, dose predictions based on predicted contours are significantly worse than those based on manual contours, having a 2%/2mm gamma pass rate of 83.8% ± 6.9% and a Dmean prediction error of 0.92% ± 0.7% in the prostate. Their average errors for predicting measures such as D95 and V95% range from 7% to 20%, which makes these predicted dose distributions too inaccurate to be helpful for treatment planning. This shows that dose prediction relies heavily on accurate knowledge of the structure locations, considering the predicted contours have similar quality as those from state-of-the-art methods.Dose predictions have not improved by additionally learning a network the contour definition task. Using feature maps from other networks via cross-stitch units had no advantageous effect on the predicted dose distributions, mainly because dose predictions not based on structure masks were too bad for it to have any effect. The dose predictions from the w-net did not improve after the segmentation and dose prediction networks were trained together, which could be because the dose prediction loss could not improve the segmentation sufficiently. The main conclusion is that multi-task learning can only benefit related tasks if they can already be performed independently to a certain extent. It is not a substitute for missing information required to perform the task.https://github.com/thomaslandman/Thesis The codes used for this projectApplied Physic
An angular multigrid preconditioner for the radiation transport equation with Fokker–Planck scattering
No full textIn a previous paper (Hennink and Lathouwers, 2017) we developed a finite element discretization for the Boltzmann transport equation with forward peaked scatter modeled by the Fokker–Planck approximation. The discretization was based on the discontinuous Galerkin method in both space and angle. It was expected and found that the regular source iteration algorithm for the Boltzmann equation is not effective in solving the discretized system and becomes excessively expensive for problems with many angular degrees of freedom. The purpose of this paper is to develop a multigrid scheme as preconditioner for the above mentioned discretization. The method exploits the nested nature of the meshes and the natural prolongation/restriction between meshes by Galerkin projection. A set of test problems ranging from pure spherical diffusion to the complete Boltzmann transport problem in 3D are presented to illustrate that the method is very effective, resulting in iteration counts nearly independent of problem size even for highly non-isotropically refined angular meshes.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.RST/Reactor Physics and Nuclear Material
Re-Präsentationen. Dynamiken der Migrationsgesellschaft
No full textBroden A, Mecheril P, eds. Re-Präsentationen. Dynamiken der Migrationsgesellschaft. Düsseldorf: Informations- und Dokumentationszentrum für Antirassismusarbeit in NRW (IDA-NRW); 2007
Controversiality of risk transfer in public- private partnership
No full textU radu se polazi od shvaćanja da je javno-privatno partnerstvo
(JPP) jedan od najznačajnijih instrumenata dobrog upravljanja, pri čemu treba voditi računa o složenosti tog mehanizma, mogućnos tima i opasnostima koje u sebi nosi, posebno ako ga se uzima u njegovoj reduciranoj ulozi – kao instrument privatnog investiranja za zadovoljenje javnih potreba. Upravo takav uski koncept dolazi do izražaja u Smjernicama Vlade Republike Hrvatske donesenim u rujnu
2006., kojima se uvodi isključivo ugovorni oblik JPP-a i koncesije.
Rad upozorava na nedovoljnu sustavnost, konzistentnost, jasnoću i cjelovitost pristupa, koja čini upitnom proklamiranu svrhu Smjernica da potencijalnim partnerima pruži informacije, koje sadržavaju dovoljno odgovora kad oni razmišljaju primijeniti li ili ne JPP.
Kako bi se došlo do dodatnih informacija, najveći dio rada posvećen e prikazu instituta isključivog ugovornog oblika JPP-a kroz praksu zemalja (prvenstveno V. Britanije i donekle Australije) kojega najviše primjenjuju u posljednjih 10-ak godina, pri čemu je naglasak na problemima transfera rizika.The paper is based on the belief that public-private partnership is one of the most
important instruments of good governance. However, the complexity, potentials,
and dangers of that institute also must be taken into consideration.
At the beginning of the paper, the author outlines Guidelines of the Government
from September 2006, which introduced the institute of public-private
partnership as exclusively contractual relationship. A critical analysis of the
Guidelines has shown a number of incomplete and disputable provisions as well
as confusion about the principles, objectives, and instruments of public-private
partnership. That situation certainly does not provide sufficient information to
those who would like to use the instrument of PPP, particularly because they are
constantly persuaded that PPP is the best way for satisfying public needs without
additional taxation of citizens.969
Perko-[eparovi} Inge: Upitnost transfera rizika u javno-privatnom partnerstvu
HRVATSKA JAVNA UPRAVA, god. 7. (2007.), br. 4., str. 943–969
HRVATSKA JAVNA UPRAVA
The main part of the paper deals with the practice in Great Britain – the country
that has been using that institute most frequently in the past ten years – and
Australia – the country that often copies British solutions.
Since the legitimation for contractual form of PPP – in Great Britain known
as private financial initiative – often seems to be the allocation of risk, i.e. the
transfer of risk from the public to the private sector, the main part of the paper
deals with these issues: the existence and time of the transfer of risk; public sector
constraints that appear after a contract has been signed in the situation of asymmetrical
powers; and transaction costs.
British and Australian examples are followed by an outline of legal framework
for PPP projects. Several options are shown: BOOT, DBFO (the most successful
and the most common), and DBO.
If we calculate value for money, it is obvious that previous experiences with PPP
more than disputable. »Successful projects« have been and still are the result
of heavy payments to the private sector. E.g. road construction with private financial
initiative: initial construction costs were paid off in only three years, the
private sector makes operative profit of 68%cper annum based on the contract
valid for thirty years. Previous experience has shown that the state has been enthusiastic
in protecting the profit interests of private investors at the expense of its
citizens, i.e. in putting the private interest above the common good. The reality
of this PPP form is far from perfect.
Finally, the author suggests better institutionalisation of PPP processes in
Croatia in order to ensure the best of imperfect contractual forms of PPP
Sub-second speed 4D-CT image registration using unsupervised deep learning
No full textTo evaluate the effect of interplay due to breathing of the patient during proton treatment of lung tumors Interplay dose calculation techniques have been proposed in literature. The proposed method requires the deformation vector field (DVF) to register dose distributions of different phases in the breathing cycle to a reference phase. The DVF is obtained by registering 4DCT lung scans between the phases. Current methods of image registration are too slow to make the interplay dose calculation techniques clinically feasible.Advances in deep learning have allowed for models that predict the DVF in orders of magnitude quicker than traditional methods. In this research, two model architectures, previously applied for registration of brain MRI images, will be evaluated to predict the DVF between scans at different phases of a 4DCT lung scan. The quality of the registration is evaluated based on the mean absolute error between the images and contour metrics of organs including the Dice score, Hausdorff distance and the mean surface distance. In addition, the amount of grid folding was evaluated based on the number of voxels with a negative Jacobean determinant.The first model architecture, VoxelMorph, is an unsupervised model with an U-net architecture. Two hyperparameters were varied: the maximum size of the DVF limited by a HardTanh, and secondly the weight of the loss function for the divergence of the DVF during training. The model performed poorly in predicting the DVF, the values of the DVF were too small. Varying the hyperparameter seems to have no significant impact on the prediction quality of the model. Limiting the maximum of the DVF prevents the registration of large deformations, which is not favorable.The second model architecture has a multi-resolution approach. The images are downsampled to 1/2 and 1/4 the resolution. Multiple sub-network predict a DVF at each of the resolutions in a coarse to fine order. Each of the networks consisted of a feature encoder, residual blocks and a feature decoder. By upsampling and combining the multiple DVFs, the final DVF is obtained. Hyperparameter search is performed: The number of residuals blocks and their filters were varied. At first only for the coarses network, and later for all the networks. Lastly, an additional resolution was added to the model. The model was capable of predicting good-quality DVFs. Only varying the number of residual blocks and their filters for all resolutions resulted in a significant difference in the quality of the prediction.Predictions are performed in 260±4 ms and 24±4 ms for the first and second architectures respectively. Which is faster than other deep learning methods found in literature, and significantly faster compared to traditional registration methodsApplied Physic
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