447 research outputs found
Green cities and health: a question of scale?
No full text<p><b>Background:</b> Cities are expanding and accommodating an increasing proportion of the world's population. It is important to identify features of urban form that promote the health of city dwellers. Access to green space has been associated with health benefits at both individual and neighbourhood level. We investigated whether a relationship between green space coverage and selected mortality rates exists at the city level in the USA.</p>
<p><b>Methods:</b> An ecological cross-sectional study. A detailed land use data set was used to quantify green space for the largest US cities (n=49, combined population of 43 million). Linear regression models were used to examine the association between city-level ‘greenness’ and city-level standardised rates of mortality from heart disease, diabetes, lung cancer, motor vehicle fatalities and all causes, after adjustment for confounders.</p>
<p><b>Results:</b> There was no association between greenness and mortality from heart disease, diabetes, lung cancer or automobile accidents. Mortality from all causes was significantly higher in greener cities.</p>
<p><b>Conclusions:</b> While considerable evidence suggests that access to green space yields health benefits, we found no such evidence at the scale of the American city. In the USA, greener cities tend also to be more sprawling and have higher levels of car dependency. Any benefits that the green space might offer seem easily eclipsed by these other conditions and the lifestyles that accompany them. The result merits further investigation as it has important implications for how we increase green space access in our cities.</p>
Correction to: Myoclonic dystonia phenotype related to a novel calmodulin-binding transcription activator 1 sequence variant.
No full textThe affiliation of author Robert Jech was incorrectly indicated in the originally published version of this paper
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
Images of body weight among young men and women: Evidence from Beirut, Lebanon
No full text[No abstract available]Afifi-Soweid RA, 2002, INT J EAT DISORDER, V32, P52, DOI 10.1002-eat.10037; Cole T.J., 2000, BRIT MED J, V320, P1, DOI DOI 10.1136-BMJ.320.7244.1240; Emslie C, 2001, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V55, P406, DOI 10.1136-jech.55.6.406; SHEDIACRIZKALLA.MC, 2000, INT Q COMMUNITY HLTH, V20, P115; Sweeting H, 2002, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V56, P700, DOI 10.1136-jech.56.9.70088
Shelah's pcf theory and its applications
No full textThis is a survey paper giving a self-contained account of Shelah's theory of the pcf function pcf(a) = {cf(PI a/D, < D): D is an ultrafilter on a}, where a is a set of regular cardinals such that \a\ < min(a). We also give several applications of the theory to cardinal arithmetic, the existence of Jonsson algebras, and partition calculus.PT: J; CR: DEVLIN KJ, 1973, ANN MATH LOGIC, V5, P291 EASTON WB, 1970, ANN MATH LOGIC, V1, P139 ERDOS P, 1984, COMBINATORIAL SET TH GALVIN F, 1975, ANN MATH, V101, P491 GITIK M, SINGULAR CARDINALS P JECH T, CONJECTURE TARSKI PR JECH T, IN PRESS TRIBUTE P E JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY KUNEN K, 1980, STUDIES LOGIC F MATH, V102 RUBIN M, 1987, ANN PURE APPL LOGIC, V33, P43 SHELAH S, ALEPH OMEGA PLUS ONE SHELAH S, CARDINAL ARITHMETIC SHELAH S, IN PRESS ARCH MATH L SHELAH S, MORE PCF SHELAH S, 1978, ISRAEL J MATH, V30, P57 SHELAH S, 1980, J SYMBOLIC LOGIC, V45, P56 SHELAH S, 1980, STUD LOGIC FDN MATH, V95, P373 SHELAH S, 1982, LECTURE NOTES MATH, V940 SHELAH S, 1986, NOTRE DAME J FORM L, V27, P263 SHELAH S, 1987, ISRAEL J MATH, V59, P299 SHELAH S, 1988, ISRAEL J MATH, V62, P213 SHELAH S, 1988, ISRAEL J MATH, V62, P355 SILVER J, 1974, P INT C MATH, V1, P265 TODORCEVIC S, 1986, COMPOS MATH, V57, P357 TODORCEVIC S, 1987, ACTA MATH-DJURSHOLM, V159, P261 TODORCEVIC S, 1989, CONT MATH, V84; NR: 26; TC: 27; J9: ANN PURE APPL LOGIC; PG: 48; GA: EU720Source type: Electronic(1
Assessing evidence in public health: The added value of GRADE
No full text[No abstract available]Akl EA, 2012, BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, V12, DOI 10.1186-1471-2458-12-386; Barbui C, 2010, PLOS MED, V7, DOI 10.1371-journal.pmed.1000322; Deeks JJ, 2003, HEALTH TECHNOL ASSES, V7, p[iii, 1]; Duclos P, 2012, VACCINE, V31, P12, DOI 10.1016-j.vaccine.2012.02.041; Durrheim DN, 2010, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V64, P387, DOI 10.1136-jech.2009.103226; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), 2011, EV BAS METH PUBL HLT; Guyatt GH, 2011, J CLIN EPIDEMIOL, V64, P380, DOI 10.1016-j.jclinepi.2010.09.011; Guyatt GH, 2011, J CLIN EPIDEMIOL, V64, P1283, DOI 10.1016-j.jclinepi.2011.01.012; Rehfuess EA, 2011, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V65, P559, DOI 10.1136-jech.2010.130013; Schunemann H, 2010, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUNIT, V65; Sun X, 2010, BRIT MED J, V340, DOI 10.1136-bmj.c117; Sun X, 2012, BRIT MED J, V344, DOI 10.1136-bmj.e1553; WHO, GUID DEV EV BAS VACC11
The SF-36: a simple, effective measure of mobility disability for epidemiological studies
No full textBackgroundMobility disability is a major problem in older people. Numerous scales exist for the measurement of disability but often these do not permit comparisons between study groups. The physical functioning (PF) domain of the established and widely used Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire asks about limitations on ten mobility activities.ObjectivesTo describe prevalence of mobility disability in an elderly population, investigate the validity of the SF-36 PF score as a measure of mobility disability, and to establish age and sex specific norms for the PF score.MethodsWe explored relationships between the SF-36 PF score and objectively measured physical performance variables among 349 men and 280 women, 59-72 years of age, who participated in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study (HCS). Normative data were derived from the Health Survey for England (HSE) 1996.Results32% of men and 46% of women had at least some limitation in PF scale items. Poor SF-36 PF scores (lowest fifth of the gender-specific distribution) were related to: lower grip strength; longer timed-up-and-go, 3m walk, and chair rises test times in men and women; and lower quadriceps peak torque in women but not men. HSE normative data showed that median PF scores declined with increasing age in men and women.ConclusionOur results are consistent with the SF-36 PF score being a valid measure of mobility disability in epidemiological studies. This approach might be a first step towards enabling simple comparisons of prevalence of mobility disability between different studies of older people. The SF-36 PF score could usefully complement existing detailed schemes for classification of disability and it now requires validation against them
Weakly dense subsets of the measure algebra
No full textPT: J; CR: CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CICHON J, 1985, P AM MATH SOC, V94, P142 FREMLIN D, 1977, 2 THEOREMS MOKOBODZK FREMLIN DH, 1984, MATHEMATIKA, V31, P323 GOFFMAN C, 1953, REAL FUNCTIONS HALMOS PR, 1950, MEASURE THEORY HODEL, 1984, HDB SET THEORETIC TO JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY KUNEN K, 1980, SET THEORY MAGIDOR M, 1977, ISRAEL J MATH, V28, P1 MAHARAM D, 1942, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V28, P108 OXTOBY JC, 1971, MEASURE CATEGORY RUDIN W, 1983, AM MATH MON, V90, P41 SIKORSKI R, 1964, BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS VANDOUWEN E, IN PRESS HDB BOOLEAN; NR: 15; TC: 3; J9: PROC AMER MATH SOC; PG: 9; GA: AR774Source type: Electronic(1
Liftings for Haar measure on {0,1}k
No full textWe call E subset-of-or-is-equal-to {0,1}kappa projective if for some countable A subset-of-or-is-equal-to kappa there is an E(A) subset-of-or-is-equal-to {0,1}A such that E = E(A) x {0,1}kappa/A and E(A) is a projective subset of the Cantor set {0,1}A. We construct a model where Haar measure on {0,1}kappa has no projective lifting (and in particular no Baire lifting) for any kappa greater-than-or-equal-to omega.PT: J; CR: FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90; NR: 5; TC: 3; J9: ISR J MATH; PG: 12; GA: GG100Source type: Electronic(1
Powers of the ideal of Lebesgue measure zero sets
No full textWe investigate the cofinality of the partial order N-kappa of functions from a regular cardinal kappa into the ideal N of Lebesgue measure zero subsets of R. We show that when add(N) = kappa and the covering lemma holds with respect to an inner model of GCH, then cf(N-kappa) = max{cf(kappa(kappa)), cf([cf(N)]kappa)}. We also give an example to show that the covering assumption cannot be removed.PT: J; CR: BAUMGARTNER J, 1983, SURVEYS SET THEORY, P1 BURKE MR, 1988, THESIS U TORONTO TOR FREMLIN DH, 1984, MATHEMATIKA, V31, P323 FREMLIN DH, 1984, SEMINAIRE INITIATION, V23 FREMLIN DH, 1988, PARTIALLY ORDERED SE JECH TJ, 1973, SET THEORY KUNEN K, 1984, HDB SET THEORETIC TO, P887 MAGIDOR M, 1977, ISRAEL J MATH, V28, P1; NR: 8; TC: 0; J9: J SYMB LOGIC; PG: 5; GA: FD568Source type: Electronic(1
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