463 research outputs found
A Web-quiz On Health and Safety - INFO2009 - Group 18
No full textPoster and resource for group 18. Resource can be found hosted at http://adam-thomas.co.uk/info2009. Jakob Forst Aungiers: [email protected]; Adam Thomas: [email protected]; Nathan Padoin: [email protected]; Antria Orfanidou: [email protected]
Revival mit Schützenhilfe. Aquaforum / Thomas Janssens Team unterstützt die junge Branche – sie forschen, beraten und bilden aus.
No full text«Fisch wird in den nächsten Jahren ein landwirtschaftliches Nutztier werden. Darum ist es nun wichtig, spezifisch für die Landwirte zu forschen», sagt Thomas Janssens, der Leiter des relativ neu gegründeten Aquaforums an der Hochschule für Agrar-, Forst- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften der Berner Fachhochschule (HAFL)
POLIS: a probabilistic summarisation logic for structured documents
No full textPhDAs the availability of structured documents, formatted in markup languages such as SGML, RDF,
or XML, increases, retrieval systems increasingly focus on the retrieval of document-elements,
rather than entire documents. Additionally, abstraction layers in the form of formalised retrieval
logics have allowed developers to include search facilities into numerous applications, without
the need of having detailed knowledge of retrieval models.
Although automatic document summarisation has been recognised as a useful tool for reducing
the workload of information system users, very few such abstraction layers have been developed
for the task of automatic document summarisation. This thesis describes the development
of an abstraction logic for summarisation, called POLIS, which provides users (such as developers
or knowledge engineers) with a high-level access to summarisation facilities. Furthermore,
POLIS allows users to exploit the hierarchical information provided by structured documents.
The development of POLIS is carried out in a step-by-step way. We start by defining a series
of probabilistic summarisation models, which provide weights to document-elements at a user
selected level. These summarisation models are those accessible through POLIS. The formal
definition of POLIS is performed in three steps. We start by providing a syntax for POLIS,
through which users/knowledge engineers interact with the logic. This is followed by a definition
of the logics semantics. Finally, we provide details of an implementation of POLIS.
The final chapters of this dissertation are concerned with the evaluation of POLIS, which is
conducted in two stages. Firstly, we evaluate the performance of the summarisation models by
applying POLIS to two test collections, the DUC AQUAINT corpus, and the INEX IEEE corpus.
This is followed by application scenarios for POLIS, in which we discuss how POLIS can be used in specific IR tasks
Rainer Forst leitor de John Rawls
No full textThe article aims to discuss the role that John Rawls' work has for Rainer Forst's theoretical project. It is about following the main readings that Forst performs about this author and discussing some consequences that can be inferred from them for his critical model. Thus, firstly, is discussed Forst's attempt to bring the criteria of reciprocity and universality, from his principle of justification, closer to Rawls', while accusing Rawls that his configuration of the original position attributes substantive contents to the principles of justice, which, in fact, could only be conceived as a fundamental principle of justification (I). Next, Forst's reading of the debate between Habermas and Rawls is observed, in order to extract an alternative to both. Again Forst makes a move to approach and criticize Rawls (II). In a third moment, another attempt to approach and overcome the work of Rawls is examined, but this time through the distinction between two images of justice (III). Finally, the article presents two general interpretations of these readings: that there are certain constants in the arguments that unite and that intend to overcome Rawls; and thatcontains possible problems with consequences that cause certain obstacles to his theory in its claim to becritical.O artigo visa discutir o papel que a obra de John Rawls possui para o projeto teórico de Rainer Forst. Trata-se de acompanharas principaisleituras que Forst realiza sobre esse autor e discutir algumas consequências que podem ser delas depreendidas para seu modelo crítico. Assim, em primeiro lugar, discute-se a tentativa de Forst em aproximar os critérios de reciprocidade e universalidade, de seu princípio de justificação, à teoria de Rawls, ao mesmo tempo em que acusa Rawls de que sua configuração da posição original atribui conteúdos substantivos aos princípios de justiça, que, na verdade, só poderiam ser concebidos comoum princípio fundamental de justificação (I). Em seguida, observa-se a leitura que Forst realiza sobre o debate entre Habermas e Rawls, a fim de extrair uma alternativa a ambos. Novamente Forst faz um movimento de aproximação e crítica a Rawls (II). Em um terceiro momento, examina-se outra tentativa de aproximação e superação à obra de Rawls, mas dessa vezatravés da distinção entre duas imagens da justiça(III). Por fim, o artigo apresenta duas interpretações gerais sobe essas leituras: que existem certas constantes nos argumentos que unem e que pretendem superar Rawls; e que contém possíveis problemas,com consequências que ocasionam certos entraves para sua teoriaem sua pretensão de ser crítica
Forst on Reciprocity of Reasons: a Critique
No full textAccording to Rainer Forst, (i) moral and political claims must meet a requirement of reciprocal and general acceptability (RGA) while (ii) we are under a duty in engaged discursive practice to justify such claims to others, or be able to do so, on grounds that meet RGA. The paper critically engages this view. I argue that Forst builds a key component of RGA, i.e., reciprocity of reasons, on an idea of the reasonable that undermines both (i) and (ii): if RGA builds on this idea, RGA is viciously regressive and a duty of justification to meet RGA fails to be agent transparent. This negative result opens the door for alternative conceptions of reciprocity and generality. I then suggest that a more promising conception of reciprocity and generality needs to build on an idea of the reasonable that helps to reconcile the emancipatory or protective aspirations of reciprocal and general justification with its egalitarian commitments. But this requires to downgrade RGA in the order of justification and to determine on prior, substantive grounds what level of discursive influence in reciprocal and general justification relevant agents ought to have
Errors of Justice
No full textIn this book, Brian Forst takes a fresh perspective on the assessment of criminal justice policy, examining the prospect of assessing policies based on their impact on errors of justice: the error of failing to bring offenders to justice, on the one hand, and the error of imposing costs on innocent people and excessive costs on offenders, on the other. Noting that we have sophisticated systems for managing errors in statistical inference and quality control processes and no parallel system for managing errors of a more socially costly variety - on matters of guilt and innocence - the author lays the foundation for a common sense approach to the management of errors in the criminal justice system, from policing and prosecution to sentencing and corrections. He examines the sources of error in each sector, the harms they impose on society, and frameworks for analyzing and reducing them.</jats:p
On the Universal Power of Socioeconomic Rights: A Comparison Between Thomas Pogge and Rainer Forst
No full textIntroduction. This article investigates the universal power of socioeconomic rights assessing their theoretical conceptualization and practical implication. Methods. Taking theoretical and empirical research into account – at the level of public ethics and political theory – the article carries out a comparative analysis of the elements of global economic justice theory, moral universalism and institutional understanding of human rights of Thomas Pogge and the critical theory of political and social justice and the moral constructivist conception of human rights of Rainer Forst. Analysis. On the one hand, Pogge’s cosmopolitan approach underlines serious noncompliance of socioeconomic rights at the global level because of the unjust distribution of rights and duties enforced by the current global institutional order. In this vein, the protection of socioeconomic rights is conceived as a (moral) negative duty not to deprive people of secure access to a basic human rights object, and socioeconomic rights, by imposing upon them unjust coercive social institutions. On the other hand, Forst’s perspective maintains that each right needs to be constructed on the very basic moral right to reciprocal and general justification which is conceived as the most universal and basic claim of every human being. Results. Drawing on the above-mentioned outlooks on socioeconomic rights, the universal power of socioeconomic rights is assessed in light of the satisfaction of universal basic needs, whose object is also the object of socioeconomic rights – a ‘conditio sine qua non’ for a worthwhile life – and the justification of the assigned duties at the global level
Ein Einbaumfund bei Forst an der Oberweser 1938
No full text"The last discovery of a dugout within the area bounded by the present-day borders of the rural district of Holzminden took place in the summer of 1938, creating a stir in the local press. After finding the dugout on the Holzminden side of the Weser, its discoverer pulled it across to the Hamelin-Pyrmont bank. As a result, two district archaeologists participated in the public discussion, each contributing several newspaper articles. The find was finally put in storage in Holzminden and forgotten in the course of the war. In December 1949 it once again became the subject of a debate, having evidently been burned for heat during a cold post-war winter. An anonymous author blamed the loss on an alleged dispute between the districts of Hamelin-Pyrmont and Holzminden over the rights to the vessel, evoking strong reactions from the district archaeologists involved. The reports as well as statements, photographs and drawings originating in the summer of 1938 provide information on the condition of the lost dugout. The sources also shed light on the state of theory and practice in a field of research that was still in its infancy while at the same time being ideologically overladen. In view of the more recent research carried out by Detlev Elmers and Christian Hirte, the interpretations of the 1930s - according to which the dugout of Forst was used as an independent vessel - can no longer be upheld. On the basis of the more recent studies, the 480-cm-long, 52-cm-wide dugout of Forst is more likely to have been the floating body of a Weser ferry. Yet unlike the other known floating elements of Weser ferries, the dugout of Forst exhibits massive ends, a feature which does not occur elsewhere. Due to the vessel's loss, the questions as to its age and type of wood will remain unanswered." (author's abstract
Reason, Justification, and Contractualism: Themes from Scanlon Lauener library of analytical philosophy ;, 7./ edited by Michael Frauchiger, Markus Stepanians.
No full textIn English.Includes bibliographical references and index.This book collects major original essays developed from lectures given at the award of the Lauener Prize 2016 to T. M. Scanlon for his outstanding oeuvre in Analytical philosophy. In "Contractualism and Justification," Scanlon identifies some difficulties in his theory and explores possible ways to deal with them. In "Improving Scanlon's Contractualism," D. Parfit recommends revisions and extensions of Scanlon's theory, while R. Forst suggests in "Justification Fundamentalism" that Scanlon may want to replace reason with justification as his foundational concept. T. Nagel raises fundamental questions concerning "Moral Reality and Moral Progress," and S. Mantel offers in "On How to Explain Rational Motivation" a critical discussion of Scanlon's cognitivist theory of motivation. Z. Stemplowska does the same for Scanlon's conception of responsibility in "Substantive Responsibility and the Causal Thesis," and S. Olsaretti suggests in "Equality of Opportunity and Justified Inequalities" an alternative to Scanlon's arguments against economic inequalities. All contributors receive extensive replies by Scanlon. For anyone interested in Scanlon's seminal work in moral and political philosophy, the present volume is utterly indispensable.Instead of an Introduction: Scanlon's Project -- Deontological Communitarianism. Laudation for Thomas M. Scanlon -- Contractualism and Justification -- Justification Fundamentalism: A Discourse-Theoretical Interpretation of Scanlon's Contractualism -- On How to Explain Rational Motivation: Where Internalism and Externalism Meet -- Moral Reality and Moral Progress -- Equality of Opportunity and Justified Inequalities: How the Family Can Be on Equality's Side -- Improving Scanlon's Contractualism -- Substantive Responsibility and the Causal Thesis -- Responses to Forst, Mantel, Nagel, Olsaretti, Parfit, and Stemplowska1 online resource (X, 160 p.)
he Privatization and Civilianization of Policing
No full textThis essay examines recent shifts toward privatization and civilianization in policing. It focuses on the nature and dimensions of the
shifts, their precedents and causes, their advantages and dangers, and B their effects on five critical dimensions of policing: effectiveness,
cost, equity, choice, and legitimacy. These shifts, which have occurred over just 30 years or so, are contrasted with the centuries-long evolution of public policing and reliance on sworn officers to protect public safety that culminated in the 1960s.
Following a review of historical precedents that shaped the bound- aries between public and private security resources and between sworn and civilian alternatives, the essay examines a variety of prospective policies and reforms in both the public and private domains aimed at minimizing the potentially harmful aspects of privatization and civilianization: improving private security service through licensing and bonding of agents and agencies; reducing problems associated with public monopolization of policing through improved accountability systems and accreditation; improving procedures for screening, training, and managing civilian specialists; making more effective use of civil remedies for harms in both the public and private sectors; and finding ways to clarify roles and improve coordination among the public, private, and civilian components of policing.
The essay concludes with a look to the likely future of privatization and civilianization, including an identification of critical issues related to cur- rent trends and an examination of directions that appear most promising for improving service in both the public and private domains of policing
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