1,721,013 research outputs found
Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Inflammation: A Latent Profile Analysis
No full text47 pagesLoneliness and social isolation are linked to a multitude of adverse health outcomes. One proposed mechanism in which loneliness and social isolation are hypothesized to influence adverse health outcomes is through their independent influences on inflammatory responses. However, as two overlapping but distinct concepts, research on their interactive effect on inflammation is lacking. The current analysis sought to identify profiles of loneliness and social isolation using latent profile analysis (LPA) with data from wave 2 of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study (n=1255). The analysis identified four classes: ‘Majority’ (low loneliness and social isolation), ‘Resilience’ (low loneliness and high social isolation), ‘Vulnerable’ (high loneliness and low social isolation), and ‘Vulnerable Stable’ (high loneliness and social isolation) class. Following the identification of latent profiles or classes of loneliness and social isolation, we investigated the sociodemographic determinants of belonging to the different classes and looked at the association of class membership with three inflammatory cytokines (InterLeukin 6, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein). The odds of being in different classes vary with age and educational levels but not gender. Contrary to previous studies, our results did not find any statistically signification associations between the joint loneliness and social isolation classes and the inflammatory indicators. Overall, the findings illustrate the potential of person-centered approaches for identifying individuals for whom joint patterns of loneliness and social isolation may either promote or counteract well-being
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Time in the minds of Spaniards and Moroccans: Evidence from spontaneous gestures
No full text26 pagesPeople use space to conceptualize time, but the specifics of the space-time mappings in people’s minds vary across cultures. Here we investigated whether people with different reading and writing systems in their native languages think about time differently, and whether exposure to a new language and culture changes people’s space-time mappings. We analyzed the spontaneous hand gestures that people made while telling stories about the past and the future and compared these gestures across three groups: Spaniards living in Spain, Moroccans living in Spain, and Moroccans living in Morocco. Whereas Spanish is written from left to right, Moroccan Arabic is written from right to left. Consistent with previous studies linking temporal thinking with reading and writing habits, we found that Spaniards showed a statistically significant bias to gesture leftward for earlier times and rightward for later times. Moroccans showed the opposite bias, gesturing rightward for earlier times and leftward for later times; this pattern did not differ significantly between the Moroccans living in Morocco (who were speaking Moroccan Arabic during the test) and the Moroccans living in Spain (who were speaking Spanish during the test). Together, these results support that hypothesis that people’s mental timelines follow the direction of reading and writing in their native languages, and that these culture-specific space-time mappings can be maintained despite immersion in a second language and culture
Greenwashing Training Fosters a General Skepticism
No full text77 pagesTraining interventions have been proposed as a countermeasure against greenwashing. However, there is no clear consensus on their effectiveness. In an effort to contribute to a better understanding, we examined the impact of greenwashing training on consumers’ ability to discern greenwashing using an online survey experiment designed to resolve ecological and internal validity issues of past work (N = 518). Additionally, we extended the scope by exploring whether greenwashing training also affects healthwashing detection. Our study revealed that greenwashing training can make consumers more likely to perceive advertisements featuring deceptive environmental claims correctly as greenwashing but can also make them more likely to misperceive advertisements without such claims as greenwashing. Furthermore, it showed that although healthwashing is not the subject of greenwashing training, the triggered skepticism can transfer to healthwashing perceptions, too. Overall, these findings suggest that greenwashing training does not enhance greenwashing detection proficiency but rather promotes excessive suspicion
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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