1,721,052 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
BANKING CYBERSECURITY CULTURE INFLUENCES ON PHISHING SUSCEPTIBILITY
Full text linkThe banking industry faces an unprecedented number of phishing attacks as cybercriminals circumvent security and technical countermeasures to deceive banking employees. There is a lack of scholarly research on the causes of phishing susceptibility in the U.S. banking sector. The literature review analysis highlighted the following gaps: (a) studies on information security and organizational culture failed to link theoretical underpinnings to information security results, (b) the lack of scholarly studies on the banking sector impedes academic perspective on the business problem, and (c) there is a need to investigate banking cybersecurity culture influence on phishing susceptibility.
This study consists of two qualitative inquiries; the initial study was an interpretive inquiry that resulted in a conceptual framework and highlighted a need for theory on banking cybersecurity culture influence on phishing susceptibility. The qualitative interpretive study only included interviews from security and technology executives. This study yielded the following three major themes: (a) continuous security awareness, (b) executive-driven security climate, and (c) human-centered security operations. From the inductive analysis, a reducing phishing susceptibility through executive influence and culture conceptual framework emerged. From this study, the basis of a grounded theory study was necessary to develop theory to address phishing in the banking sector.
The second inquiry was a grounded theory inquiry that expanded the initial study by interviewing (a) security and technology executives, (b) cybersecurity professionals, and (c) non-technical employees and executing a rigorous data analysis process. This study resulted in the following five major themes: (a) lack of executive coordination and support, (b) security awareness, (c) stronger security resiliency, (d) positive security behavior and environmentalignment, and (e) phishing strategy confusion. Theses findings derived from the data analysis resulted in the development of the Dynamic Phishing Susceptibility Reduction Theory, an organizational approach for solidifying phishing countermeasures through banking cybersecurity culture. The Dynamic Phishing Susceptibility Reduction Theory reinforces phishing countermeasures with a robust approach due to the hyperactive threat environment and constant changing of tactics.
Keywords: Banking, cybersecurity culture, phishing susceptibility, organizational cultureBusiness Administration/Management Information System
ONLINE MISINFORMATION AND FACT-CHECKING
Full text linkSocial media platforms have begun to counter false news by integrating fact-checking services. These fact-checkers verify posts’ content and inform users about the posts’ veracity before engaging with them. While the efficacy of fact-checking on users has been studied in prior literature, little attention has been paid to the factors that determine the effectiveness of fact-checking (e.g., fact-checking timeliness, types of fact-checkers, and poster reputation) to sway user reactions. Hence, I design three essays aiming to understand the factors that affect the fact-checking effectiveness. The first essay examines the effectiveness of fact-checking by using a multi-method study. The multi-method study leverages the high external validity of observational data from Twitter (Study 1) complemented by the high internal validity of experimental data (Study 2) to build insights into how fact-checking methods and timeliness affect news engagement (i.e., willingness to read, like, comment, share, bookmark, and denounce). When fact-checkers flag news as false, we found it significantly decreases news engagement and that fact-checking timeliness moderates the effect of fact-checking. Moreover, we find that fact-checking affects news engagement by influencing users’ evaluation of the news believability and anticipation. Our findings enrich the understanding of the impact of fact-checking on users’ engagement with news and suggest managerial implications for reducing false news engagement. The second essay focuses on understanding how different types of fact-checkers may affect users’ news engagement differently. It explores how the different types of fact-checkers (i.e., AI or human) impact believability and engagement with news that is flagged as false. Building on source credibility theory, we evaluate how the reputation of the person posting the news and the political orientation of the user reading the news (i.e., progressive or conservative) moderate the impact of AI vs. human fact-checkers. We examine this interaction in two separate 3×2×2 online quasi-experiments conducted in the United States and the United Kingdom. In both studies, we found differences regarding the impact of fact-checker type and moderating impacts for poster reputation and user political orientation. Our results show that AI fact-checkers are more effective than human fact-checkers in reducing news believability and engagement among progressive users. We also found that a high news poster reputation can further enhance this impact. By investigating the interplay between the fact-checker type, the poster, and user political orientation and comparing results across two countries, we extend the understanding of the impact of different types of fact-checkers on news believability and user engagement with false news on social media platforms. Finally, we derive managerial implications for mitigating the spread of false news on social media platforms.
The third essay seeks to understand the determinants of the crowdsourced fact-checking. Crowdsourced fact-checking solutions have emerged as a promising means of detecting misinformation on social media. Because fact-checking often requires the evaluation of controversial or politicized social media posts, anonymity has been suggested as essential to persuade users to voluntarily fact-check news. This paper reports the results of a multi-method investigation of the mechanisms that shape how identity anonymity affects crowdsourced fact-checking contributions. In Study 1, we use observational data from Twitter and conduct a regression discontinuity design (RDD) to examine whether and when identity anonymity affects the quantity and quality of fact-checking. We find that identity anonymity does not affect the quantity of posts; instead, it increases the quality of fact-checking. Furthermore, we find that the impact of anonymity on quality is significantly higher for users with longer fact-checking tenure. In Study 2, we use online experiments to test the proposed mechanisms and find that perceived social presence, perceived self-efficacy, and perceived fact-checking responsibility help explain the effect of anonymity on users' fact-checking intentions. We also find that identity anonymity affects contributions differently across news categories. By unpacking these mechanisms, we offer insights for researchers and practitioners interested in understanding how identity anonymity changes the quality of fact-checking, and explain why crowdsourced users offer more or less reliable ratings of the veracity of social media posts.
Overall, this three-essay dissertation will enrich the understanding of the impacts of fact-checking, different types of fact-checkers, and the antecedents of crowdsourced fact-checking on social media.Business Administration/Management Information System
ESSAYS ON THE RISE OF DIGITAL UPPER ECHELONS: IMPLICATIONS TO FIRM INNOVATION, CYBERSECURITY, AND GOVERNANCE
No full textThe rapid development of technology and the associated new challenges such as cybersecurity risk triggered the rise of new digital upper echelons such as Chief Digital Officers (CDOs) or Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs). However, there is a lack of theoretical understanding and rigorous empirical examination regarding the impacts of emerging digital upper echelon roles on firm performance. This dissertation develops three essays that examine the rising digital upper echelons’ implications for firm innovation, cybersecurity strategies, and governance.The first essay examines the antecedents of CISO presence on the TMT and its consequences for firm innovation. We conduct a longitudinal empirical analysis using a unique dataset of S&P 1500 firms from several secondary sources. Our study shows that a firm's appointment of a CISO in TMT is positively influenced by the CISO presence in TMT of industry peers and their data breaches. Importantly, we find that CISO presence in TMT increases firms' innovation on average. The presence of a CISO in TMT with more experience in the same industry as the focal firm has a stronger effect on innovation, while CISOs in TMT with more experience in other industries only increase innovation when the firm's industry is not very turbulent. We also found that CISOs in TMT with a business or IT education have a stronger positive impact on firm innovation. This research is the first to assess the impact of CISO presence in TMT on non-security outcomes. We shed new light on the drivers of why firms appoint a CISO to TMT and how CISO presence in TMT impacts firm value beyond the security function. Our findings also provide managers with a nuanced understanding of how CISO backgrounds impact innovation and provide guidance for hiring CISOs who align with the firm's information management and innovation goals.
The second essay focuses on how competing incentive systems (e.g., compensation) shape digital upper echelons and non-digital upper echelons impact on the firm's disclosure of data breaches in SEC fillings and the moderating role of board members' cybersecurity intensity on upper echelon members’ disclosure. We draw on the agency theory to develop a theoretical model considering the divergent priorities and goals of the digital and non-digital upper echelons involved. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of public firms that have experienced data breaches. Results demonstrate that increased digital upper echelons' compensation will lead to timelier SEC data breach notifications, whereas increased non-digital upper echelons' compensation will have the opposite effect. Board cybersecurity intensity weakens the positive impacts of digital upper echelons' compensation but amplifies the negative impacts of non-digital upper echelons' compensation on notification timeliness. Hence, our findings counter the view that cybersecurity experience on the board speeds up reporting of data breaches by upper echelons. This study also delineates the differences on incentive systems between digital and non-digital upper echelons in SEC data breach notifications. Our results provide managerial implications on how to incentivize firms to disclose data breaches in SEC in a timely manner.
The third essay compares two different reporting structures of CDOs and CISOs: within-group reporting structure (i.e., report to IT heads) versus across-group reporting structure (i.e., report to non-IT heads). Since reporting structure needs to be aligned with firm strategic visions, we examine (1) how CDOs’ reporting structure and digital transformation jointly affect firm performance, and (2) how CISOs’ reporting structure and security awareness jointly affect firm performance. We conducted a longitudinal analysis using a unique dataset collected from multiple sources. Our results demonstrate that compared with within-group reporting structure, CDOs reporting to non-IT heads weakens the positive relationship between digital transformation and the firm’s prospective performance (i.e., market-to-book ratio of assets). However, CISOs reporting to non-IT heads weakens the negative relationship between security awareness and the firm’s retrospective performance (i.e., operational incomes). Overall, our results highlight the advantages of CDOs’ within-group reporting structure and CISOs’ across-group reporting structure. This research contributes to our understanding of how CDOs’ and CISOs’ reporting structure aligns with firm strategic visions in shaping firm performance. Our findings offer implications to business managers on designing reporting structures and governing emerging IT executives.
Overall, this three-essay dissertation enriches our understanding of the impacts of rising digital upper echelons and effective ways to govern these emerging top management roles.Business Administration/Management Information System
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Bounded Rationality, Formal Implementation Processes, and Conflicting Subcultures: A Theoretical Framwork
Full text linkThis paper develops a theoretical framework for studying how the interaction of individual perceptions, an organizations’ subcultures, and formal information systems (IS) design processes influence the fit of an IS to its respective organization. Building on models of individual decision making, such as bounded rationality, it extends several propositions for how informal and formal structures influence the fit of an IS
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