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Adaptation to Global Change in Farmer-Managed Irrigation Systems of the Gandaki Basin in Nepal
No full textThe food security and livelihood of millions of marginal farmers depend on the productivity of smallholder farms that account for 50 percent of global farmland production. However, these farms are increasingly under stress from global change, including climate change, market integration, and international out-migration. In addition, there is limited information on how farmers and local irrigation institutions cope with and adapt to these multilevel changes. Using the case of 379 farmers located in 12 farmer-managed irrigation systems (FMIS) in the Gandaki Basin of Central and Western Nepal, this study explores how FMIS and farmers cope with and adapt to water stress. Drawing on empirical evidence of these FMIS, I build on the understanding of adaptive capacity -- a central aspect of institutional adaptation -- based on five capitals (human, social, physical, natural and financial) and two governance attributes. The institutional adaptation of FMIS can be broadly categorized into structural (e.g. canal lining, temporary dams) and operational measures (e.g. water allocation rules). Some of the factors that facilitate effective adaptation include collective action, leadership, and good governance as well as physical attributes including the presence of an economically feasible alternative water source. At the farmers’ level, I studied crop choice, which emerged as one of the common adaptation strategies to global change, by incorporating multilevel drivers at household, institution, and regional level. The household attributes included farmer’s demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, institutional information focused on irrigation system attributes, and regional variables included precipitation and temperature variables. The study showed that crop choice is driven by biophysical system, (measured by the size of the river that feeds the irrigation system), market integration, and farmer’s age. Climate change and variability act as a threat multiplier because they compound the existing impacts the system faces from social, economic and biophysical changes. Overall, the dissertation helps us better understand the institutional adaptive capacity that incorporates both the assets and governance-based dimensions, expands the typology of irrigated agriculture to include both the structural and operational measures. Further, the multilevel modeling adds as a quantitative tool to assess the effects of global change. The dissertation, therefore, makes theoretical, empirical, and methodological contributions to the literature on adaptation and resilience.Release after 08/27/202
Comparison of Sky View Factor Estimates using Digital Surface Models
No full textIndiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Better comprehension of the Urban Heat Island study requires information on the natural
as well as built characteristics of the environment at high spatial resolution. Sky View
Factor (SVF) has been distinguished as a significant parameter for Local Climate Zone
(LCZ) classification based on environmental characteristics that influence the urban
climate at finer spatial scales. The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate currently
available data sources and methods for deriving continuous SVF estimates. The specific
objectives were to summarize the characteristics of currently available digital surface
models (DSMs) of the study region and to compare the results of using these models to
estimate SVF with three different raster-based algorithms: Horizon Search Algorithm in
R-programming (Doninck, 2018), Relief Visualization Toolbox (RVT) (Žiga et al.,
2016), and the Urban Multi-scale Environmental Predictor (UMEP) plugin in QGIS
(Lindberg, et al., 2018)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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