1,720,959 research outputs found
Exploring the clinical decision making used by experienced cardiorespiratory physiotherapists: a mixed method qualitative design of simulation, video recording and think aloud techniques
No full textBackground: The ability of physiotherapists to make clinical decisions is a vital component of being an autonomous practitioner, yet this complex phenomenon has been under-researched in cardiorespiratory physiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to explore clinical decision-making (CDM) by experienced physiotherapists in a scenario of a simulated patient experiencing acute deterioration of their respiratory function.Objectives: The main objective of this observational study was to identify the actions, thoughts, and behaviours used by experienced cardiorespiratory physiotherapists in their clinical decision-making processes. Design: A multiple-methods (qualitative) design employing observation and think-aloud, was adopted using a computerised manikin in a simulated environment.Setting: The participants clinically assessed the manikin programmed with the same clinical signs, under standardised conditions in the clinical skills practice suite, which was set up as a ward environment. Participants: Experienced cardiorespiratory physiotherapists, recruited from clinical practice within a 50-mile radius of (*anon for review). Methods: Participants were video-recorded throughout the assessment and treatment and asked to verbalise their thought processes using the ‘think-aloud’ method. The recordings were transcribed verbatim and managed using a Framework approach. Results: Eight cardiorespiratory physiotherapists participated (mean 7 years clinical experience, range 3.5 -16 years). CDM was similar to the collaborative hypothetico-deductive model, five-rights nursing model, reasoning strategies, inductive reasoning and pattern recognition. However, the CDM demonstrated by the physiotherapists was complex, interactive and iterative. Information processing occurred continuously throughout the whole interaction with the patient, and the specific cognitive skills of recognition, matching, implying and predicting were identified as being used sequentially. Conclusions: The findings from this study were used to develop a new conceptual model of clinical decision making for cardiorespiratory physiotherapy. This conceptual model can be used to inform future educational strategies to prepare physiotherapists and nurses for working in acute respiratory care.<br/
The role of hydroxamic acids in Gramineae in conferring resistance to the aphids Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi
No full textAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DX97102 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo
Preparing allied health students for placement: a contrast of learning modalities for foundational skill development
No full textBackground: with increasing pressure on placement capacity for allied health students, a need for novel and creative means through which students can develop foundational skills and prepare for practice-based learning opportunities has arisen. This study aimed to explore the experiences of domestic and international first-year students completing pre-clinical preparation programs, contrasting between in-person simulation and online options to contribute to best practice evidence for program design and delivery.Methods: first-year students from physiotherapy, podiatry and occupational therapy self-selected to either a one-weeklong in-person simulation program or an online preparation for placement program. An integrative mixed-methods approach was employed. Qualitative findings from student focus groups were analyzed by reflexive thematic analysis and complemented by quantitative pre-post questionnaires which were examined for patterns of findings.Results: there were 53 student participants in the study (simulation n = 29; online n = 24). Self-selecting, international students disproportionately opted for the simulation program while older students disproportionately selected the online program. Students appeared to benefit more from the simulation program than the online program, with alignment of focus group findings to the quantitative questionnaire data. The in-person simulation allowed students to apply their learning and practice patient communication. All simulation students reported asubsequent increase in confidence, although this seemed particularly marked for the international students. By contrast, the online program was most effective at developing students' clinical reasoning and proficiency with documentation. Both programs faced minor challenges to student perceived relevance and skill development.Conclusion: both online and in-person simulation preparation programs were perceived to enhance readiness and foundational skills development for novice allied health students, with the practical nature of simulation generating more advantageous findings. This study provides useful information on the benefits and challenges of both types of delivery for foundational skills development and/or clinical preparation of allied health students.</p
Innovations in preparing students for placement: student perceptions of an interprofessional simulation week
No full textPurpose and aims: the COVID pandemic and the growing number of institutions offering allied health professions courses has increased the pressure on placement capacity (Clarke et al 2021). Consequently, institutions must explore innovative ways to ensure students complete placement hours and develop their professional and communication skills. One solution is simulation-based learning (Salter et al 2020, Imms et al 2018). Understanding student experience of this learning modality can inform future programme design, ensuring student learning needs are met (Aguilera- Hermida 2020). This research evaluates how a simulation programme prepared occupational therapy, physiotherapy and podiatry students at the University of Southampton for their first clinical placement.Design and methods: a mixed-methods design was used, with only qualitative findings with a focus on communication, confidence and interpersonal skill development presented here. A self-selected group of 29 students completed the week-long simulation programme with actor role players as patients and carers in three inter-professional multidisciplinary case studies. Of these students, 11 participated across two focus groups mid-way through a five-week placement. These were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. The project was funded by Health Education England.Results: students reported improved communication as the simulations enabled them to practise building rapport, trial using different phrases and tailor their communication. Although some students found taking a turn stressful, particularly initially, they felt their confidence grew, with several students finding the week particularly transformative.Conclusion: a week-long simulation-based programme can increase students’ perceived confidence and improve their communication before their first clinical placement.<br/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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