262,378 research outputs found
Crowdfunding as a new fenomenon: origins, features and literature review.
No full textCrowdfunding is a relatively new funding practice through wich people living in different areas provide small amounts of money to a project they're interested in. The aim of the chapter is to shed light on this phenomenon focussing on definition and classification of crowdfunding types, motivations for participation and risk associated with this source of fundin
Interazione tra TPO e suo recettore cMPL in diversi disordini piastrinici
No full textABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Megakaryopoiesis is regulated by a complex network of cytokines and chemokines controlling all different stages of the process.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), produced constitutively by, the liver, is the main regulator of platelet count and critically influences megakaryocyte proliferation and differentiation through a complex signal transduction TPO levels inversely correlated to platelet count and MK bone marrow mass. cMPL is TPO receptor and it is made up of an intra- and an extracellular domain.
Three isoforms, P, K and Tr, were identified and subsequent findings suggested Pisoform being the dominant form
Upon ligand-induced Mpl homodimerization, the major signaling events for proliferation are mediated through the JAK-STAT pathway we want to evaluate TPO levels and cMPL expression in different platelet disease, in splectomized subjects and in patients treated with TPO-mimetic.
MATERIALS and METHODS: we assessed patients affected by primary immune thrombocytopenia, familial thrombocytopenia, hypoplasia forms and myelodysplastic syndromes. We compared these groups with not affected as well as thrombocythemia patients.
The method for measurement for TPO was an ELISA; cMPL was evaluated through cytofluorimetry and Western Blot.
RESULTS: cytofluorimetry was not applied to cMPL because of high interassay volatility.
The highest TPO levels were found in patients affected by bone marrow hypoplasia; ITP shows TPO levels higher than not affected, essential thrombocythemia and familial thrombocytopenia patients.
ITP patients display a higher cMPL than controls and ET, but comparable levels to that of bone marrow hypoplasia.
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In splenectomized ITP patients TPO and cMPL decreased after splenectomy whereas in TPO-mimetic treated ones they stayed stable.
DISCUSSION: according to literature, our ITP patients show a little increase in TPO. Bone marrow hypoplastic as well as myelodisplastic patients display higher cMPL and TPO levels.
In ITP there seems to be a linear correlation between TPO and cMPL, whereas in MDS the correlation seems to be indirect.
It could be suggested a modulatory role for different receptor isoforms.
No clear conclusion can stem from these data due to the reduced dimension of splenectomized and TPO-mimetic treated groups of patients.RIASSUNTO
INTRODUZIONE: la trombopoiesi è un processo multifattoriale dipendente da vari fattori tra cui microambiente midollare, cellule di superficie e fattori di crescita ematopoietici.
Il principale fattore che regola la produzione piastrinica è la trombopoietina (TPO), una proteina di 332 aminoacidi, con peso molecolare pari a 95 kDa, contenente due domini: quello amino-terminale con omologia strutturale con l’eritropoietina e quello carbossi-terminale coinvolto nel mantenimento della stabilità della TPO.
La TPO è sintetizzata prevalentemente a livello epatico e presenta livelli inversamente correlati al numero di piastrine e alla massa megacariocitaria anche se vi sono delle eccezioni quali i casi di massiva distruzione piastrinica o di trombocitosi reattiva.
La TPO aumenta dimensioni e numero dei megacariociti, favorisce l’espressione dei marcatori di superficie per le piastrine (CD41 e CD61) e stimola poliploidia dei megacariociti.
Il recettore per la TPO è il cMPL, costituito da un dominio extracellulare e da uno intracellulare, espresso soprattutto a livello di cellule CD34, megacariociti e piastrine.
Esistono diverse isoforme del cMPL, K, P e Tr, di cui quella fondamentale per la trasduzione del segnale è la P.
Il legame della TPO al suo recettore determina l’omodimerizzazione del recettore con conseguente fosforilazione di JAK2 e attivazione della via di trasduzione del
segnale.
Lo scopo del nostro studio è stato quello di valutare i livelli di TPO e l’espressione di cMPL in diversi disordini piastrinici, in soggetti splenectomizzati e in quelli in terapia con agonista del TPO-R 6
MATERIALI e METODI: le patologie da noi considerate sono state piastrinopenia immune primaria, piastrinopenia costituzionale, forme di ipoplasia midollare e sindromi mielodisplastiche; come gruppo di controllo sono stati considerati soggetti sani e soggetti con trombocitemia essenziale.
La TPO è stata dosata con metodica ELISA, il cMPL è stato valutato sia in citofluorimetria sia con Western Blot.
La valutazione statistica è stata effettuata con il software GraphPad Prism.
RISULTATI: lo studio del cMPL in citofluorimetria non è stato possibile per l’impossibilità a confrontare i risultati ottenuti data l’ampia variabilità interassay. I soggetti con ipoplasia midollare presentano i più alti livelli di TPO dell’intera casistica; nei soggetti con ITP si hanno livelli di TPO superiori ai soggetti sani, alle ET e alle forme familiari e inferiori ai soggetti con ipoplasia midollare.
I soggetti con ITP hanno un’espressione di cMPL superiore ai controlli e alle ET, ma del tutto sovrapponibile alle ipoplasie midollari.
Nei soggetti splenectomizzati i livelli di TPO e l’espressione del cMPL si è ridotta mentre non vi sono state modifiche nei soggetti trattati con agonista del TPO-R.
DISCUSSIONE: analogamente a quanto descritto in letteratura anche nei nostri soggetti con ITP, la TPO è solo modestamente aumentata. I soggetti con ipoplasia midollare, così come quelli con mielodisplasia hanno un’aumentata espressione di cMPL e un aumento dei livelli di TPO. La correlazione tra TPO e cMPL nelle ITP è risultata lineare mentre nelle MDS vi è una correlazione inversa a sottolineare un possibile ruolo modulatorio da parte delle diverse isoforme del recettore.
I dati relativi ai soggetti trattati, chirurgicamente o no, sono sovrapponibili a quelli descritti in letteratura ma sono relativi a un gruppo estremamente piccolo di pazient
Il rischio sistemico: specificità, regolamentazione e contagio interbancario
No full textSystemic risk [is] the disruption to the flow of financial services that is (i) caused by an impairment of all or parts of the financial system; and (ii) has the potential to have serious negative consequences for the real economy. Questa definizione di rischio sistemico è stata adottata congiuntamente dalla Bank for International Settlements, dal Financial Stability Board e dall’Inte¬rnational Monetary Fund solamente nel 2009. Il concetto di rischio sistemico ha acquisito, negli ultimi anni, una crescente attenzione sia dottrinale sia, soprattutto, regolamentare, a livello nazionale e internazionale, in particolare a seguito degli eventi che hanno caratterizzato l’economia globale a partire dall’estate del 2007, ossia lo scoppio della crisi finanziaria subprime. Que¬st’ultima ha, infatti, messo in evidenza che le problematiche che hanno origine finanziaria, colpendo banche, mercati finanziari, imprese di assicurazione e/o le diverse infrastrutture che compongono il sistema finanziario, tra cui il sistema dei pagamenti e il mercato interbancario, possono esplicare i loro effetti negativi non solo all’interno del sistema finanziario stesso, dando origine al cd. rischio di contagio, ma anche sull’economia reale, e in questo caso si parla di prociclicità.
Il presente lavoro ha come obiettivo lo studio e l’analisi di questo particolare rischio. Nel primo capitolo verrà approfondita la definizione di rischio sistemico e se ne indagherà la letteratura relativa, con riferimento ai diversi settori del sistema finanziario. Nel secondo capitolo si analizzeranno i criteri adottati a livello internazionale per identificare le cd. global systemically important institutions (G-SIFIs) e i costi sostenuti, nel corso della recente crisi finanziaria, per far fronte al loro “salvataggio”. Il terzo capitolo sarà invece dedicato all’appro¬fondimento della “nuova” regolamentazione prevista per il rischio sistemico, rectius per le istituzioni sistemicamente rilevanti. Infine, nel quarto capitolo si presenteranno i risultati della simulazione condotta con riferimento al mercato interbancario europeo e volta a verificare la presenza del rischio di contagio su tale, fondamentale infrastruttura del sistema finanziario.Systemic risk [is] the disruption to the flow of financial services that is (i) caused by an impairment of all or parts of the financial system; and (ii) has the potential to have serious negative consequences for the real economy. The Bank for International Settlements, the Financial Stability Board and the International Monetary Fund adopted this definition of systemic risk solely in 2009. In the recent years, systemic risk has been given growing attention due to the events that followed the burst of the subprime crisis in the summer of 2007. The crisis has shown that problems arising at banks, financial markets, insurance companies and/or other financial infrastructures, i.e. the payment system and the interbank market, can have serious consequences for both the financial system and the real economy. The former is also known as contagion risk, the latter as procyclicality.
This research investigates systemic risk under different perspectives. In the first chapter, a survey of the different definitions will be presented, along with an extensive, though non-exhaustive, literature review that displays the several dimensions of systemic risk. A regulatory approach will be adopted in the second and in the third chapter. The former will concentrate on the criteria adopted by the international regulators to identify which institutions, markets and infrastructures can pose systemic risk to the financial system and the real economy (the so called global systemically important financial institutions – G-SIFIs) as well as on the costs borne by either the governments or the supervisory authorities to save those institutions during the financial crisis. The latter will investigate the “new” rules for G-SIFIs aimed at preventing the occurrence of a systemic crisis due to the failure of one of these systemic institutions. The forth chapter concludes this research by presenting the results of a simulation exercise intended to assess the contagion risk on the European interbank market
CAMBIAMENTI CLIMATICI E VITICOLTURA NEL NORD ITALIA: PROSPETTIVE DI ADATTAMENTO E MITIGAZIONE
No full textClimate change is leading to warmer temperatures and more erratic and intense precipitation patterns with future increases in frequency and intensity of extreme events, such as heat waves, heavy precipitations, hailstorm and drought spells. This will especially affect viticulture, because wine quality and style are highly dependent on local microclimate. In particular, climate change will impact on acidity to sugar ratio, the key quality parameter for grapes in sparkling wines production. This will have strong repercussions on the wine sector of north-eastern Italy, the production zone of the renowned Prosecco sparkling wine. On the other hand, the relationship is not unidirectional as agriculture influence climate changes with green houses gasses emissions during field management. For this reason, combined with the carbon removal by harvest, agricultural lands are considered a net source of carbon released in the atmosphere. Yet, tree crops have been shown to be a good C sinks in the short and medium term. Moreover, sustainable practices are often proposed as a good strategy for lowering impact of field management. But very low information is available in literature about the effectiveness of vineyard uptake on offset field emissions under sustainable management. The aims of this study followed these two research lines, to reach new information about i) real water requirement of a representative vineyard in the DOC Prosecco, variability of heat and drought stress risk in the extensive and variable Prosecco DOC related to grape quality and productivity in the different areas with a special focus on malic acid; ii) carbon footprint reliability and nitrous oxide emissions factors (EF) for organic fertilization, with a specific long term monitoring that allowed for calculate specific emissions factors, and climate impact of sustainable viticulture, with a multiannual comprehensive GHG budget of the vineyard. The average water consumption during growing season for a representative vineyard in the DOC Prosecco was about 450 mm with significant different values in irrigated and not-irrigated years but very stable inside these periods. The zoning for heat and water stress risk of DOC prosecco was able to discriminate different levels of heat and water stress in the DOC Prosecco, highlighting different features about grape quality and productivity depending on risk levels. This will provide the possibility of planning differentiated management strategies to safeguard the productivity and quality of the grapes for the different DOC areas. The analyses of high-resolution infield monitoring of nitrous oxide emission allowed to have a better picture of nitrous oxide emission in vineyard soil and to calculate robust and specific annual EF for N2O emissions for different soil and fertilizer management. It showed that standard EF included background fluxes, while organic fertilization was responsible for about half of emissions. We presented the first multi-annual study on comprehensive C balance in vineyards that shows net negative C balance of viticultural phase in organic conduction in four years with high variability in its components even for the same site, confirming that soil management is crucial for increasing carbon uptake and soil stock in orchards. Sustainable practices were shown to be potentially effective in helping the field phase to be climate neutral or even positive in tree crops. These kind of study and results are essential to drive management of tree crops trough future climate changes, with a perspective of climate neutrality thanks to low carbon agricultural models
Evaluation of nitrous oxide emissions from vineyard soil : effect of organic fertilisation and tillage
No full textIt is well known that the largest source of N2O is the agricultural sector, where fertilization represents the main source of this GHG. Monitoring N2O fluxes for different soil management and crops type is essential to define better N management practices in agro-ecosystems. However, scarce studies have been published about field measurements of organic fertilizers effects in orchards and vineyards.In this paper we present the first long-term high-resolution study on N2O emissions in a vineyard, in temperate climate. The use of dynamic chambers connected directly to an IRGA, allowed to collect one year (from May 2018 to May 2019) of measurements at time resolution of 2 h. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of organic fertilization (compost) and tillage on N2O emissions. Emission factors of uncorrected (EFt) and corrected for no-fertilizer induced emissions (EFf) were calculated.Results showed a seasonal trend in N2O fluxes, with higher base fluxes and peaks during the warm season and in correspondence of rainy events. Emission peak linked to fertilizer application occurred during the first 6-7 days after treatment followed by a decrease in N2O fluxes. Cumulated annual emissions varies between 0.54 and 1.38 kg N2O-N ha-1 y- 1, depending on treatment and level of soil TOC content. The uncorrected EF was between 0.4 and 0.9% of N input, in line with the IPCC value for organic fertilizers in wet climate, while the EFf (referred only to direct fertilizer application) were in range of 0.02-0.4% of N input. We found EFf of fertilized not tilled treatments from 17 to 79% lower than fertilized tilled, with different magnitude of reduction depending on soil TOC. Our EFt were in line with disaggregated EFs from IPCC 2019 but EFf were 43% lower on average, con-firming the IPCC reference value to be a good estimator of the overall N2O emissions from organic fertilized soil, but too high for the estimation of only fertilizer application emissions.These results are of remarkable importance to direct organic fertilization management and related policies towards more environmentally sustainable approaches
A metadiscursividade no romance, <i>Um erro emocional</i>, de Cristovão Tezza
No full textA metadiscursividade faz-se presente nas obras literárias como um mecanismo discursivo que ajuda a entender o fazer literário do autor e a estabelecer interação com o leitor. Os estudos linguístico-literários interessam-se pela metadiscursividade que os escritores constroem em suas obras e pelas explicações que eles dão ao seu modo de criação. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o metadiscurso no romance Um erro emocional, de Cristovão Tezza, à luz dos estudos de Borillo (1985) e Koch (2008) sobre a metadiscursividade e das reflexões de Bakhtin (1992) sobre o romance. Esse pensador da linguagem considera o romance o gênero dos gêneros e mostra que a obra romanesca aceita diferentes formas de expressão linguística, contempla o entrecruzar de vozes sociais e acolhe uma grande diversidade de estilos. Ao refletir sobre o romance, o filósofo russo eleva-o a uma categoria literária superior em relação a outros gêneros, pelo seu caráter de inconclusibilidade e exigência de renovação formal permanente. Espera-se com este trabalho, verificar aproximações entre as reflexões bakhtinianas e a metadiscursividade no fazer literário de Cristovão Tezza, no romance Um erro emocional.Área temática: Teorías del lenguaje.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació
Estrés académico y estrategias de afrontamiento en estudiantes de la Escuela de la Enfermería Padre Luis Tezza
No full textEn la investigación titulada Estrés académico y estrategias de afrontamiento en estudiantes de la Escuela de la Enfermería Padre Luis Tezza, la investigación realizada se planteó como objetivo determinar la relación entre el estrés académico y las estrategias de afrontamiento en las estudiantes de la Escuela de Enfermería Padre Luis Tezza. El enfoque de la investigación fue cuantitativo, con un diseño descriptivo correlacional. Se trabajó con una población de 100 de estudiantes del sexo femenino, pertenecientes del tercer al séptimo ciclo de la Escuela de Enfermería Padre Luis Tezza, afiliada a la Universidad Ricardo Palma, matriculadas en el semestre 2017-I, a las cuales se les aplicaron el Inventario SISCO del estrés académico de Barraza (2007) y la Escala de Afrontamiento (ACEA) de Cabanach et al. (2008). El análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos permitió arribar a la siguiente conclusión: Existe relación significativa entre el estrés académico y las estrategias de afrontamiento en las estudiantes de la Escuela de Enfermería Padre Luis Tezza.In the research titled Academic Stress and Coping Strategies in Students of the Padre Luis Tezza School of Nursing, the research carried out was aimed at determining the relationship between academic stress and coping strategies in students of the Padre Luis Tezza School of Nursing. The research approach was quantitative, with a descriptive correlational design. We worked with a population of 100 female students, belonging to the third to seventh cycle of the Padre Luis Tezza School of Nursing, affiliated with Ricardo Palma University, enrolled in the 2017-I semester, to whom the SISCO Inventory of Academic Stress by Barraza (2007) and the Coping Scale (ACEA) by Cabanach et al. (2008) were applied. Statistical analysis of the data obtained led to the following conclusion: There is a significant relationship between academic stress and coping strategies in students at the Padre Luis Tezza School of Nursing.Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle.Tesi
A metadiscursividade no romance, <i>Um erro emocional</i>, de Cristovão Tezza
No full textA metadiscursividade faz-se presente nas obras literárias como um mecanismo discursivo que ajuda a entender o fazer literário do autor e a estabelecer interação com o leitor. Os estudos linguístico-literários interessam-se pela metadiscursividade que os escritores constroem em suas obras e pelas explicações que eles dão ao seu modo de criação. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o metadiscurso no romance Um erro emocional, de Cristovão Tezza, à luz dos estudos de Borillo (1985) e Koch (2008) sobre a metadiscursividade e das reflexões de Bakhtin (1992) sobre o romance. Esse pensador da linguagem considera o romance o gênero dos gêneros e mostra que a obra romanesca aceita diferentes formas de expressão linguística, contempla o entrecruzar de vozes sociais e acolhe uma grande diversidade de estilos. Ao refletir sobre o romance, o filósofo russo eleva-o a uma categoria literária superior em relação a outros gêneros, pelo seu caráter de inconclusibilidade e exigência de renovação formal permanente. Espera-se com este trabalho, verificar aproximações entre as reflexões bakhtinianas e a metadiscursividade no fazer literário de Cristovão Tezza, no romance Um erro emocional.Área temática: Teorías del lenguaje.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació
Portafolio de la experiencia durante el Internado Médico en el periodo de marzo a octubre del 2023 en la Clínica Padre Luis Tezza
No full textEl internado médico, en la carrea de Medicina, corresponde a nuestras practicas preprofesionales. Se cursa durante el séptimo año de carrera, en donde integramos todo lo aprendido. En esta etapa consolidamos nuestros conocimientos y nuestras habilidades mientras seguimos aprendiendo día a día. Tuve la oportunidad de realizar el año de internado medica en la Clínica Padre Luis Tezza, en donde pude rotar en diferentes especialidades como Medicina Interna, Cirugía, Pediatría y Gineco-Obstetricia. Dada la coyuntura de la pandemia, el internado duro solo 10 meses. Sin embargo, en este tiempo he tenido la oportunidad de aprender, consolidar conocimientos y fortalecer mis habilidades prácticas y blandas.
Objetivo: Realizar una descripción y análisis los casos clínicos más relevantes durante mi internado médico en la clínica Padre Luis Tezza. Además, reflexionar sobre cada uno de ellos.
Metodología: Estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo sobre casos clínicos de los pacientes que fueron atendidos por Julio Gabriel Koc Li en la Clínica Padre Luis Tezza durante los meses de marzo a diciembre del 2023.
Resultados: Descripción de 30 casos clínicos durante el internado médico en la Clínica Padre Luis Tezza.
Conclusiones: Los 10 meses de internado médico, el cual realice en la Clínica Padre Luis Tezza, fueron una experiencia enriquecedora e importante en mi vida como profesional de la salud y como persona. Pude adquirir nuevos conocimientos teóricos y prácticos, así como habilidades con el trato al paciente. Este periodo me enseñó la importancia de la comunicación asertiva y del trabajo en equipo. Cada caso me ayudó a aprender más y a empatizar con mis pacientes para poder brindarles el mejor trato no solo profesional, si no también humano. Finalmente, puedo concluir con seguridad que esta experiencia me ha ayudado a prepararme para el Servicio Rural Urbano Marginal en Salud (SERUMS) y los futuros retos que se me presentan en mi vida profesional como médico.The medical internship, in the Human Medicine field, corresponds to our pre-professional practices. It is taken during the seventh year of the degree, where we integrate everything, we have learned. In this stage we consolidate our knowledge and skills while we continue learning day by day. I had the opportunity to do a year of medical internship at the Padre Luis Tezza Clinic, where I was able to rotate in different specialties such as Internal Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics and Gynecology-Obstetrics. Given the situation of the pandemic, the boarding school lasted only 10 months. However, during this time I have had the opportunity to learn, consolidate knowledge and strengthen my practical and soft skills.
Objective: To carry out a description and analysis of the most relevant clinical cases during my medical internship at the Padre Luis Tezza clinic. Also, reflect on each of them.
Methodology: The description and analysis of 30 clinical cases was carried out, treated during the medical internship at the Padre Luis Tezza Clinic in the months of March to December 2023.
Results: Description of 30 clinical cases during the medical internship at the Padre Luis Tezza Clinic.
Conclusions: The 10 months of medical internship, which I did at the Padre Luis Tezza Clinic, were an enriching and important experience in my life as a health professional and as a person. I was able to acquire new theoretical and practical knowledge, as well as skills in patient care. This period taught me the importance of assertive communication and teamwork. Each case helped me learn more and empathize with my patients to be able to provide them with the best treatment, not only professional, but also human. Finally, I can safely conclude that this experience has helped me prepare for the Rural Urban Marginal Health Service (SERUMS) and the future challenges that lie ahead in my professional life as a doctor.Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesiona
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