1,721,009 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Erkennung visueller Objektklassen mit Hilfe lokaler Beschreibungen
No full textDie vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Erkennung von Elementen visueller Objektklassen in digitalen Bildern, eine Aufgabe, die sich beispielsweise bei der Verwaltung großer Bild- und Videodatenbanken stellt. Bilder, die bestimmte Objekte enthalten, sollen leicht (wieder-) gefunden werden. Ziel ist es, Verfahren zu entwickeln, die nur auf den Bilddaten selbst beruhen.
Das grundlegende Prinzip der in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Methoden ist dabei die Verwendung von lokalen, visuellen Merkmalen, die aus den Bildern extrahiert werden. Die Arbeit besitzt zwei Schwerpunkte: der erste Teil beschäftigt sich mit der Identifikation und der Repräsentation von Objektteilen. Der zweite Teil beleuchtet Methoden, wie die Objektteile miteinander in (örtliche) Verbindung gesetzt werden können, um damit verschiedene Objektklassen zu modellieren. Im Folgenden werden die beiden Schwerpunkte kurz beschrieben.
Identifikation von Teilen
Um Orte für die lokale Merkmalsextraktion zu bestimmen, werden Punkte mit gewünschten Eigenschaften identifiziert. Welchen Kriterien diese Punkte entsprechen müssen, hängt von der Anwendung ab. Die Analyse einer Vielzahl von Detektoren zeigte, dass eine zu frühe Beschränkung der Art der detektierten Strukturen die Klassifikationsleistung negativ beeinflusst. Der von uns in dieser Arbeit verwendete Loupias-Detektor besitzt diesbezüglich sehr gute Eigenschafen. Er beruht auf einer Waveletanalyse des Signals, liefert in seiner Originalversion jedoch keine Größeninformation. Daher wurde dieser Detektor mit Hilfe eines Skalenselektionsverfahrens erweitert. Mit diesem neuen Detektor konnten bei Tests hervorragende Ergebnisse erzielt werden.
An den detektierten Stellen im Bild werden verschiedene Merkmale berechnet, welche die lokale Struktur beschreiben. Diese Merkmale werden zur Konstruktion von Teilewörterbüchern verwendet, deren Einträge als Bausteine zur Erstellung von Objektklassenmodellen dienen. In dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass komplizierte, zeitintensive Verfahren, welche die genaue Anordnung der Lernstichproben in Merkmalsräumen berücksichtigen, zur Bestimmung der Prototypteile nicht nötig sind. Vielmehr reicht ein einfaches, sequenzielles Verfahren (MBSAS-clustering) aus, um geeignete Teilewörterbücher zu erzeugen. Die Berechnungszeit solcher Wörterbücher konnte von mehreren Tagen auf wenige Stunden reduziert werden.
In herkömmlichen Teilewörterbüchern werden nur visuell ähnliche Strukturen zu Prototypteilen zusammengefasst. Bestimmte, semantisch äquivalente Teile eines Objekts können jedoch sehr unterschiedliche visuelle Ausprägungen haben. In dieser Arbeit wurde ein Verfahren entwickelt, visuell unterschiedliche, aber semantisch ähnliche Teile zu assoziieren. Dies geschieht mit Hilfe eines semantischen Ähnlichkeitsmaßes, das auf örtlichen Auftretensverteilungen beruht.
Assoziation von Teilen zur Objektmodellierung
Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden verschiedene Verfahren vorgestellt, einzelne Prototypen aus den Teilewörterbüchern zueinander in Verbindung zu setzten. Die Auswertung der relativen Position von Paaren lokaler Teile führt zu sogenannten cluster co-occurrence Matrizen. Diese Matrizen wurden als Merkmale zur Klassifikation von Röntgenaufnahmen eingesetzt. Damit konnten im "ImageCLEF medical image annotation" Wettbewerb in den Jahren 2006 und 2007 ausgezeichnete Ergebnisse erzielt werden.
Mit Hilfe lokaler Teile kann neben der Klassifikation auch die exakte Position eines Objektes im Bild ermittelt werden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde eine Methode entwickelt, die nicht nur die Lage und Größe eines Objekts, sondern auch dessen Orientierung erkennt. Diese beruht auf einem Hough-Mehrheitsverfahren und beachtet die Orientierung der einzelnen Detektionen im Bild.
Bei Verfahren zur Bestimmung der wahrscheinlichen Lageparameter eines Objekts liegt die Annahme zugrunde, dass ein Objekt der Klasse im Bild vorhanden ist. Ob dies tatsächlich der Fall ist, wird nicht überprüft. Daher wird in dieser Arbeit vorgeschlagen, die Positionsparameterbestimmung mit der Erzeugung von lokalen Teilehistogrammen zu kombinieren, um damit eine Klassifikation von Bildern zu ermöglichen. Von Regionen mit einer hohen Auftretenswahrscheinlichkeit für das Objekt werden lokale Histogramme berechnet. Um die Klassifikationssicherheit von herkömmlichen regionenbasierten Histogrammen zu steigern, wurden SCP (spatially coherent parts) Histogramme entwickelt. Diese bestehen nur aus den Teilen, die für eine bestimmte Parameterkombination eines Objektes gestimmt haben. Dadurch entstehen Vorteile bei teilweise verdeckten Objekten sowie Objekten, durch die der Hintergrund durchscheint. Ein Test der neuen Verfahren auf einer schwierigen Fahrraddatenbank hat deren klare Überlegenheit gegenüber globalen Histogrammansätzen gezeigt.This work is concerned with the recognition of visual object class members in digital images. The fundamental principle of all methods employed in this work is the use of local, visual features extracted from the images. There are two emphases: the first half of the work deals with the identification and the representation of the local object parts, the second half analyzes and proposes methods how to relate the object parts in order to build object class models. In the following, we give a short overview about the two emphases:
Determining parts
In order to identify locations for feature extraction, interest point detectors are used. Depending on the precise type of the detector, different kinds of structures can be discovered. We evaluated the properties of several detectors and could show that restricting the type of structure to be found too early can be harmful for the recognition performance. In this respect, the wavelet-based Loupias detector used in this work possesses beneficial properties. However, in its original version, it does not provide any scale information. For this reason, we extended the Loupias detector by a Laplacian scale selection mechanism. we could obtain superior results using this extended detector in a challenging animal classification task proposed by the MUSCLE Network-of-Excellence.
From the regions discovered by the individual interest point detectors, visual features are calculated. These local descriptions of the structures under consideration can be used to construct part dictionaries or visual codebooks. The individual entries of these dictionaries serve as building blocks for object class models.
In this work, we analyzed different state-of-the art methods for building visual codebooks. We were able to show that difficult, time-consuming algorithms, that try to recover the precise layout of the samples in feature space are not necessary. A simple sequential algorithm (MBSAS-clustering) is sufficient to construct high quality codebooks. In this way, we were able to reduce the time for constructing visual codebooks from several days to few hours.
The visual codebooks contain a variety of different visual parts. Certain structures might have a common semantic meaning, but look considerably different. Treating these semantically related, but visually different entities separately can spoil the recognition performance. This work presents a method how these semantically related parts can be associated by comparing their object reference point distributions. Using semantically recombined features leads to improved recognition performance for nearest neighbor classifiers and enhanced speed for SVM based classification.
Relating parts
The second focus of this work is on methods how to combine the prototype parts to create object class models. An established way is to just consider the occurrence frequencies of the individual structures.
A more sophisticated technique is to examine the pairwise relationship of the parts. This lead to the development of cluster co-occurrence matrices. These features were used for the classification of radiograph images in the ImageCLEF medical image annotation challenge. Superior results could be achieved for the 2006 and 2007 competitions.
The local parts can also be used to recover the positional parameters of an object. In this work, we present a method that is not only capable of estimating the location and the scale of an object, but also its orientation. This is achieved by using a Hough-like voting scheme and object reference point distributions as well as the orientation of the local detections in the image.
Methods to identify probable object parameters already assume that the object is indeed present in an image, but it can not be inferred whether this is true. We propose to combine an object parameter estimation stage and the creation of local histograms from the estimated object region to enable object classification. To improve the capabilities of the traditional regional histograms, we have developed histograms of spatially coherent parts (SCP). These are histograms only from parts that agree on a specific object parameter configuration. Tests on a challenging bicycle database have shown the superiority of the approach compared to a global bag-of-features approach.
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koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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