136 research outputs found
Bacterial pharyngitis, antimicrobial susceptibility, and associated factors among children at comprehensive specialized hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia
No full textCorrigendum to “Origin of shuttle-free sulfurized polyacrylonitrile in lithium-sulfur batteries” [J. Power Sources 492 (30 April 2021) 229508]
No full textThe authors regret to find a missing author in the authorship of this work. Tilahun Awoke Zegeye was not included as an author in the published article. Dr. Tilahun Awoke Zegeye was responsible for some Raman measurements and data curation. Unfortunately, during the long revision and collaborative process, his name was accidentally deleted. The corrected Authorship and Author Contributions Statement appears below. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. All the co-authors agree to this change. The corrected Authorship is as follows: “Chen-Jui Huanga,1, Ju-Hsiang Chenga,1, Wei-Nien Sub, Pouya Partovi-Azarc, Liang- Yin Kuod, Meng-Che Tsaib, Tilahun Awoke Zegeyea, Ming-Hsien Line, Sara Panahian Jandf, Ting-Shan Chang, Nae-Lih Wuh, Payam Kaghazchid, Hongjie Daii, Peter Maria Biekerj, Bing-Joe Hwanga,b,g,*” The corrected Authorship Contribution Statement is as follows: Chen-Jui Huang: fabricated the samples and carried out the experiments, characterizations, data analysis, and, Writing - original draft. Ju-Hsiang Cheng: fabricated the samples and carried out the experiments, characterizations, data analysis, and, Writing - original draft. Wei-Nien Su: reviewed the results and helped the, Writing - original draft. Pouya Partovi-Azar: conducted the theoretical analysis. Liang-Yin Kuo: conducted the theoretical analysis. Meng-Che Tsai: conducted the theoretical analysis. Tilahun Awoke Zegeye: Data Curation of Raman results. Ming-Hsien Lin: helped carry out the SEM and ex-situ Raman measurements. Sara Panahian Jand: conducted the theoretical analysis. Ting- Shan Chan: helped carry out the XAS measurement. Nae-Lih Wu: helped review the results. Payam Kaghazchi: managed the project and reviewed the results, data analysis, and, Writing - original draft. Hongjie Dai: helped review the results. Peter Maria Bieker: helped review the results. Bing-Joe Hwang: managed the project and reviewed the results, data analysis, and, Writing - original draft. All authors read and commented on the manuscript.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
A case of localized amnesia
No full textThe author describes the case of an adult male who survived a train wreck at the age of 24. Seventeen years after the crash, the man was diagnosed with hepatic abscess and became unconscious presumably from the pain. He awoke with no recognition of his current life and insisted that he was 24 years old. He came under the care of the author and regained memory with the exception of the five years following the crash. The author examines what constitutes memory and hypothesizes that the man relived the time of the crash because his current painful state became associated with the past one
High Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Ethiopia
No full textKlebsiella pneumoniae poses an urgent public health threat, causing nosocomial outbreaks in different continents. It has been observed to develop resistance to antimicrobials more easily than most bacteria. These days, multidrug-resistant strains are being increasingly reported from different countries. However, studies on the surveillance of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are very rare in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and magnitude of MDR K. pneumoniae isolates from patients attending or admitted to Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH). A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2018 to February 2019 at TASH, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Identification of K. pneumoniae was done by examining the Gram stain, colony characteristics on MacConkey agar and 5% sheep blood agar, as well as using a series of biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates for 21 antimicrobials was done by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion technique. Data were double entered using Epidata 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 software for analysis. Among the total K. pneumoniae isolates (n = 132), almost all 130 (98.5%) were MDR. Two (1.5%) isolates showed complete non-susceptibility to all antimicrobial agents tested. Moreover, a high rate of resistance was observed to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone 128 (97%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 124 (93.9%), and cefepime 111 (84.1%). High susceptibility was recorded to amikacin 123 (93.2%), imipenem 107 (81.1%), meropenem 96 (72.7%), and ertapenem 93 (70.5%). K. pneumoniae isolates showed a high rate of resistance to most of the tested antimicrobials. The magnitude of MDR K. pneumoniae was very alarming. Therefore, strengthening antimicrobial stewardship programs and antimicrobial surveillance practices is strongly recommended in TASH
Detection of blaKPC and blaNDM carbapenemase genes among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Dominance of blaNDM.
No full textBackgroundInfections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae have been difficult to control because of the worldwide emergence of carbapenem-resistant isolates mainly due to carbapenemase production. Information regarding carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae is still scarce in Ethiopia. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae and to assess the occurrence of blaNDM and blaKPC carbapenemase genes.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2018 to February 2019 at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 132 non-duplicate K. pneumoniae isolates were studied. Phenotypic confirmation of carbapenemase production was done by modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM). Multiplex PCR was performed for the detection of carbapenemase-encoding genes blaKPC, and blaNDM.ResultsOut of the total 132 K. pneumoniae isolates, 39 (29.6%) were non-susceptible to one or more carbapenems. The prevalence of carbapenemase-producing isolates from the total was 28 (21.2%) with mCIM of which the most dominant gene was blaNDM 26 (92.9%) and one isolate carried blaKPC concomitantly. Carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were 100% non-susceptible to half of the antimicrobials used in the study, including meropenem and ertapenem. Previous use of carbapenems was associated with carbapenemase production (P = 0.004).ConclusionsThe prevalence of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates was worrying in the study area. To our knowledge, the study described the emergence of blaNDM and blaKPC gene carrying K. pneumoniae in Ethiopia for the first time. Further large-scale molecular-based studies, including other carbapenemase genes and sequencing of K. pneumoniae, are warranted to have a clear awareness about the presence of antimicrobial resistance high-risk clones in Ethiopia
Incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections by Gram-negative bacilli and their ESBL and carbapenemase production in specialized hospitals of Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia
No full textAbstract Background Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) is a common concern globally. Investigating the incidence of CAUTI and associated antibiotic resistance has paramount importance from the health care associated infections perspective. This study therefore assessed the incidence of CAUTIs due to GNB and the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase among inpatients in specialized hospitals of Northwest, Ethiopia. Methods A total of 363 patients with indwelling urinary catheters who were admitted in the hospital for > 48 h were consecutively enrolled and followed from 3 to 18 days. Data were collected through interviewing and review of medical records. Patients who developed at least one of the following: fever (> 38 OC), suprapubic tenderness, or costovertebral angle pain, coupled with a GNB positive urine culture of ≥ 103 CFU/mL with no more than two bacterial species were defined as CAUTI. The ESBL and carbapenemase production were detected and identified by chromogenic medium. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify associated factors. Results From 363 patients followed, the incidence rate of CAUTI was 27.8 per 1000 catheter days. Catheterization for ≥ 8 days (AOR = 10.6, 95%CI:1.8–62.1) and hospitalization for > 10 days (AOR = 8.1, 95%CI: 2.4–27.2) were the factors significantly associated with CAUTIs. E. coli (n = 18, 34.6%), Proteus species (n = 7, 13.5%), and P. aeruginosa (n = 6, 11.5%) were the most frequent GNB. Isolates revealed high rates of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (100%), cefazolin (n = 51, 98%), ceftazidime (n = 47, 90%) and cefotaxime (n = 46, 88%). Most of the GNB isolates (86.5%) were multidrug-resistant. Overall, 19.2% and 5.8% of GNB isolates were ESBL and carbapenemase producers, respectively. Conclusions Incidence of CAUTI with Gram-negative bacilli is high. As most of the GNB isolates are MDR and showed a super high rate of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic and third-generation cephalosporins, empirical treatment with these substances is virtually ineffective in patients with suspected GNB infection in Ethiopia. The expression of ESBL and carbapenemase among GNB isolates is also a concern. Therefore, improved infection prevention and control measures, careful use of catheters and third generation of cephalosporins are needed to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of CAUTIs and the spreading of antimicrobial resistance
The Magnitude of Carbapenemase and ESBL Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
No full textAntibacterial property of synthetic upper leather treated by garlic and ginger peels extracts
No full text435-440The garlic and ginger peels have been thrown as a waste. Nowadays researchers have been trying to investigate the
antimicrobial properties of garlic and ginger peels extracts. Nevertheless, the effects of these materials on synthetic leather have
not been experimented. The study aims at antimicrobial treatment of synthetic leather by the peels extracts and examining it
against the staphylococcus epidermis bacterium. The peels have been collected in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia, dried in the oven for
one hour at 104°C, weighed and grounded in a grinder with a mesh size of 50-300 mesh. For both materials, 40 g of peel
powder has been dissolved in 400 mL of ethanol solvent and stirred by a magnetic stirrer and then extracted by ultrasonic
extraction method. Leather samples have been treated by extracted peels (5%, 15% and 20%) together with citric acid as a
binder and soap as wetting agent. The antimicrobial properties of the treated samples have been assessed by a disc diffusion test
method. The garlic peel extract at all concentrations levels has a wider inhibition zone indicating that garlic peel extract is more
efficient at inhibiting Staphylococcus epidermis growth than ginger peel. Therefore; it could be used as antimicrobial
treatment of synthetic leather
Advancing HIV/AIDS combination prevention through mass media: a review of practices in Sub-Saharan Africa
No full textThis paper presents an assessment of the literature on the use of mass media campaigns to advance biomedical, structural and behavioural approaches to HIV/AIDS prevention in sub-Saharan Africa over the past decade (2000-2010). Studies on the use of mass media in HIV/AIDS prevention efforts were searched from two main electronic databases - Web of Science and PubMed. Studies meeting selection criteria were examined for the themes of the mass media programs studied in a content analytic approach. The findings suggest that while there are several biomedical and structural issues which the mass media could well have been instrumental for, their utilization in sub-Saharan Africa seems to be limited to behavioural interventions. It is concluded that at a time when recommendations for Combination Prevention are prevailing, the utilization of the mass media largely limited to a certain domain of HIV/AIDS prevention appears to be worthy of attention. © The Author(s) 2012.status: Publishe
Shōki
No full textHand-drawn manuscriptDimension: 26 x 52 1/2 in.Date: ca. 1897-1903Shōki (Chinaese, Zhong Kui) is an example of Chinese legend that was adapted in Japan and became a part of Japanese folklore.
Shōki is a “demon queller,” whose image is often included in the decoration for Japan’s May 5th festival . Although May 5th was believed to be the most harmful day in China, Japanese came to celebrate the day as “boys’ day.”
According to one legend, Shōki received first place on the highest level of the civil service examination, but committed suicide because the emperor Minghuang (712-756) did not honor him. Shōki’s appearance offended the emperor. Another legend tells that he failed to pass the exam and committed suicide. In either case, Shōki appeared in the dream of the sick emperor Minghuang and killed a demon who was about to steal the emperor’s flute and his consort Yan Guifei’s incense bag. When the emperor awoke from the dream, his sickness was gone. The emperor appreciated Shōki’s loyalty, and ordered Wu Daozi (active c. 710-760), a master of figure painting, to draw an image of Shōki as he appeared in the emperor’s dream.
Momoko Welch
Source:
Oda, Eiichi. Chagake no gadai o shiru jiten: kaiga kakemono ni yomigaeru tōyō no kokoro. Kyoto: Kawara shoten, 2008, p.216.
Bartholomew, Terese Tse. Hidden Meanings in Chinese Art. San Francisco: The Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, 2006, pp. 281 and 285
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