762 research outputs found
Evaluation of management factors affecting the relative success of a Brook Trout eradication program using YY male fish and electrofishing suppression
No full textRemoval of non-native fish populations can be crucial to the conservation of native species, but often presents a complex challenge for managers. The goal of Trojan Y chromosome (TYC) programs is to skew the non-native sex ratio until only males remain, leading to eradication. We present results from a simulation model used to explore effects of alternative management approaches on an in-progress mechanical removal and TYC program to eradicate non-native Brook Trout. Simulation results indicated that stocking fingerling YY males (~137 mm) was more effective than stocking catchable-sized YY males (~230 mm), although questions about inter-cohort competition warrant further investigation. Increasing the proportion of mature fingerling YY males reduced treatment time by increasing the number of YY male spawners and increasing density-dependent mortality on young, mature wild Brook Trout. Maximizing the spatial distribution of YY male releases may be crucial to program success but is also dependent upon immediate dispersal movements. Principles derived from our results can be broadly applied to the management of other aquatic invaded systems using TYC programs to eradicate non-native species.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
Wheat gluten hydrolysate potently stimulates peptide-YY secretion and suppresses food intake in rats
No full textThe study was aimed to compare the satiating effect of various protein hydrolysates in rats and examine the underlying mechanism associated with the satiety hormones. Food intake and portal satiety hormone levels were measured in rats. Enteroendocrine cell-lines were employed to study the direct effect of protein hydrolysates on gut hormone secretions. The results showed that oral preload of wheat gluten hydrolysate (WGH) suppressed food intake greater and longer than other hydrolysates. The portal peptide-YY levels in WGH-treated rats at 2 h and 3 h were higher than those in control- and lactalbumin hydrolysate (LAH)-treated rats. In a distal enteroendocrine cell model, WGH more potently stimulated glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion than LAH, and the effect was largely enhanced by pepsin/pancreatin digestion of WGH. These results suggest WGH is potent in activating enteroendocrine cells to release satiety hormones leading to the prolonged suppression of food intake
Block TERM factorization of block matrices
No full textReversible integer mapping (or integer transform) is a useful way to realize lossless coding, and this technique has been used for multi-component image compression in the new international image compression standard JPEG 2000. For any nonsingular linear transform of finite dimension, its integer transform can be implemented by factorizing the transform matrix into 3 triangular elementary reversible matrices (TERMs) or a series of single-row elementary reversible matrices (SERMs). To speed up and parallelize integer transforms, we study block TERM and SERM factorizations in this paper. First, to guarantee flexible scaling manners, the classical determinant (det) is generalized to a matrix function, DET, which is shown to have many important properties analogous to those of det. Then based on DET, a generic block TERM factorization, BLUS, is presented for any nonsingular block matrix. Our conclusions can cover the early optimal point factorizations and provide an efficient way to implement integer transforms for large matrices.Computer Science, Information SystemsSCI(E)3ARTICLE4421-4364
Local estimate on singular solution to scalar curvature equation
No full textAbstractIn this paper, we study the local behavior of a positive singular solution u near its singular points of the following equation: Δu(x)+d(x,Z)2Nun+2n−2=0inΩ⧹Z,u(x)>0andu∈C2inΩ⧹Z, where N is a positive integer, Ω is a bounded open domain in Rn, Z is a finite set of points, and d(x,Z) denotes the distance between x and Z
Evaluation and analysis of impact of subsidies on small scale renewable energy technologies dissemination: a case study of Nepal
No full textThe report has analysed the status of rural electrification using renewable energy technologies (RETs) and the current subsidy delivery modality of RETs in Nepal. As the Government of Nepal is subsidizing small scale renewable energy projects, it is important to evaluate and analyse the programme to make sure that a programme is running in an effective and efficient way while reaching the target group.
During the course of the research, primary information collected from the field has been compiled using appropriate tools/software (such as MS Office) and analyzed. Different sets of questionnaires were prepared, targeting different personnel ranging from the users’ level to the government policy level. The field survey methods include field observations of RETs installations and operations along with interviews with selected users on a random sampling basis to identify barriers to subsidy delivery and possible measures to overcome these barriers; to determine user satisfaction level and time period for subsidy delivery mechanisms.
The report started with the country background information and the rationale behind the study. This is followed by the literature review and information on the current status of small scale RETs in the country. Next it deals with the organizational structure and current subsidy delivery modality of RETs in the country. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the subsidy with the current subsidy delivery modality has been analyzed based on six parameters; Targets and Achievements, Impact of RETs, Subsidy Delivery System Efficiency, Transparency, Sustainability and Effectiveness.
The research shows that the subsidized government program has been successful in achieving its goal to provide basic energy services in rural areas through RETs in terms of its quantitative target. Although the subsidized program is successful in electrifying the rural communities via RETs, the poorest of the poor families are still excluded from the subsidy. The program seems to benefit more the rich and upper middle class families rather than the poor families for which the subsidy was intended. The high capital cost and long subsidy delivery process are the main important reasons for this failure. The author has proposed a new modality which might overcome the time barriers and bureaucratic process in the subsidy delivery mechanism and will decrease the lead time. This will in turn help to reduce the operational cost of the private companies and will encourage more players to enter the market, increase competition and result in lower system costs.
After identifying gaps in the current subsidy delivery modality, the project report ends with the recommendation of a new modality improving the current modality and filling the gaps identified. As this study has some limitations, as described in chapter one, the scope of further works has been listed at the end
Observing conditions from 1988 to 1999 at Huairou Solar Observing Station
No full textThis paper summarizes the change of astronomical observing conditions since 1986 at Huairou Solar Observing Station. Our results from 1988 to 1999 are as follows: quantitatively, stray light has increased and visibility has decreased; qualitatively, the seeing condition has become worse.Astronomy & AstrophysicsSCI(E)CPCI-S(ISTP)
XV. YY. Osmanlı düşüncesinde telvîh hâşiyeleri : teklîfe dair tartışmalar
No full textTavzîh Hanefî usûl geleneğinin klasik sonrası dönemini belirleyen önde gelen metinlerdendir. Sadrüşşerîa Tavzîh’te özellikle teklîfe ilişkin meselelere geniş yer ayırmış ve burada mütekellim usûl geleneğinin klasik sonrası dönem temsilcilerinin argümanlarını eleştirmiştir. Teftâzânî ise Telvîh’te Sadrüşşerîa’nın getirdiği argümanları yorumlayıp pek çok noktada itirazlar yöneltmiştir. Tavzîh 15. yy. Osmanlı ilim çevresinde, otorite isim olan Teftâzânî’nin yorum ve eleştirileri üzerinden okunmuş; ulemanın bu ilmî mirası tartıştığı en önemli zemin Telvîh hâşiyeleri olmuştur. Bu bağlamda kaleme alınan Telvîh hâşiyelerinde hararetle tartışılan alanlardan biri şüphesiz teklîf konusudur. Bu çalışma 15. yy. Osmanlı ilim çevresinde Telvîh hâşiyelerinde teklîf konusu üzerine cereyan eden tartışmaları ortaya çıkarmayı ve bunları tarihî-fikrî bağlamına yerleştirmeyi amaçlar. Çalışmada hâşiyelerdeki tartışmaların daha ziyade görüşler değil argümanlar üzerinden cereyan ettiği ve muhaşşîlerin argümanlar üzerinden gerçekleşen bu tartışmalarda otorite figürlerin ilmî mesaisiyle irtibat kurdukları ortaya konulmuştur. Hâşiye yazarları eleştiri, yorum ve nakil/ derleme olmak üzere üç farklı şekilde kurdukları irtibatlar üzerinden aynı zamanda kendi yetkinliklerini göstermeye çalışmışlardır. Çalışmada otoritelerle kurulan bu irtibat şekilleri, ele alınan tartışmalar üzerinden detaylandırılarak ortaya çıkarılmıştır. İncelenen hâşiyelerde daha çok argüman değerlendirmesine ağırlık verildiği görülmekle birlikte bu eserlerin yer yer müelliflerin fikrî eğilimlerine de ışık tuttuğu tespit edilmiştir.Tawdhīh is one of the most influential texts in the post-classical period of the Hanafī tradition of legal theory. Its author Sadr al-Sharīa works through the issues of taklīf and criticizes arguments put forward by the post-classical representatives of theologian tradition. Later, Taftāzānī deals with Sadr al-Sharīa’s arguments in his Talwīh, and criticizes many of them. In the 15th century Ottoman scholarly circle, Tawdhīh has been read through the comments and criticisms of Taftāzānī, who is considered a scholarly authority figure in this period. Ottoman scholars compose quite a few super commentaries on Talwīh, thereby find a common ground to get in contact with as well as to discuss the scholarly heritage. One of the hotly debated topics in these super commentaries is the issues of legal obligation (taklīf).This dissertation aims to reveal the debates on the issues of taklīf that took place in the super commentaries of Talwīh written in the 15th century Ottoman scholarly circle and attempts to contextualize them historically as well as intellectually. This study shows that the discussions within the super commentaries were based on arguments (adilla) rather than opinions of school (akwāl) and the Ottoman scholar found a common ground in super commentaries to get involved in dialogue with Taftāzānī and his scholarly legacy. To achieve this, they developed three methodological tools namely criticism, interpretation and paraphrasing/ compilation. In this dialogue, the authors seem to attempt to prove their scholarly competence. Lastly, though usually characterized by argument evaluation, super commentaries shed light on the intellectual tendencies of the authors as well
Sucrose fatty acid esters suppress pancreatic secretion accompanied by peptide YY release in pancreatico-biliary diverted rats
No full textOur previous study demonstrated that intestinal administration of triglycerides suppressed protein-induced increases in pancreatic exocrine secretion in pancreatico-biliary diverted (PBD) rats, though the mechanism has not been clarified. The present study was conducted to determine whether esterified fatty acids or free fatty acids are responsible for this suppression, and whether an esterified fatty acid stimulates secretion of a pancreatic inhibitory hormone, peptide YY (PYY). We examined the effects of cocoa butter or non-digestible sucrose fatty acid esters on protein-induced pancreatic secretion in conscious PBD rats whose bile?pancreatic juice was diverted from the proximal small intestine through a catheter. Intraduodenal administration of the protein guanidinated casein hydrolysate (HGC, 150 mg in 1 ml water) enhanced pancreatic protein and trypsin secretion. However, administration of HGC with cocoa butter (100 mg ml?1) partly suppressed the increase in pancreatic secretion, and HGC with a highly esterified sucrose fatty acid ester, F-10 (100 mg ml?1), completely suppressed it. The low-esterified, water-soluble sucrose fatty acid ester F-160 also completely inhibited protein-induced pancreatic secretion in the presence or absence of the lipase inhibitor orlistat.In anaesthetized PBD rats, intraduodenal administration of HGC with sucrose ester F-160 suppressed HGC-induced pancreatic secretion, and induced PYY secretion more strongly than HGC with sucrose. These results suggest that the esterified fatty acid itself stimulates PYY release in the distal intestine, thereby inhibiting protein-induced pancreatic secretion
Doğu Türkçesi (14.- 16. yy.) cümle ve sözcük öbekleri
No full textÇinggis Han (1206-1227) tarafından kurulan Türk-Moğol siyasî birliğinin dört asli hanlığından birisini Çağatay Hanlığı (1227-1370) oluşturmaktadır. Çağatay Hanlığı’nı oluşturan boylardan Barlas uruğuna mensup olan Emir Timür’ün hükümranlığı döneminde (1370-1404) gelişen Doğu Türkçesi (14. yy.’nin ikinci yarısı- 20. yy. başı), Türk dili tarihi kapsamında temellerini Orta Türkçe döneminde (11.- 16. yy.) ve Harezm bölgesinde atmaya başlamış, 16. yüzyıl itibariyle de Alî Şîr Nevâyî ile birlikte ortak yazı dili çerçevesinde kullanılır olmuştur. Doğu Türkçesi klâsik öncesi, klâsik ve klâsik sonrası olmak üzere üç ayrı döneme ayrılmaktadır. Bu tezde, Doğu Türkçesinin klâsik öncesi ve klâsik dönem (14.- 16. yy.) eserleri arasından seçilen 13 manzum ve 4 mensur olmak üzere toplam 17 eserin sözcük öbekleri ve cümle yapıları bağlamında incelemesi yapıldı. Her bir manzum ve mensur eserden yüzer beyit ve cümle seçilerek toplam 6111 tane sözcük öbeği tespit edildi. Tezde sunulan örneklerin büyük bir kısmının en az bir unsuru sözcük öbeğinden oluşurken, unsurları herhangi bir sözcük öbeğinden oluşmayan yapılara çok az yer verildi. “Doğu Türkçesinde (14.- 16. yy.) Sözcük Öbekleri ve Cümle” adlı bu çalışma; giriş ile birlikte toplam dört bölüm ve bir sonuçtan meydana gelmektedir. “Giriş”te öncelikle Doğu Türkçesinin farklı terimler altında yapılan tasnifleri ile yazı dili olma süreci anlatılmakta daha sonra tezde taranan eserler hakkında müstensih/ müellif, nüsha, muhteva vb. bakımlardan bilgiler verilmektedir. Tezin “ikinci bölümü”nde, 19 farklı sözcük öbeğinin her biri için kullanılan terimler ve yapılan tanımlamalar ile bu yapıların dilbilgisi kitaplarında yer alış biçimleri ve çeşitleri ele alındı. Ayrıca cümlenin her bir ögesi hakkında bilgi verildi.Tezin “üçüncü bölümü”nde, çalışmamızın esas konusunu teşkil eden ve Doğu Türkçesinde kullanılan sözcük öbekleri ve cümle bahsine yer verildi. Taranan eserlerden seçilen ve en az bir unsuru sözcük öbeğinden oluşan örnekler, cümledeki görevlerine ve yapılarına göre tasnif edilerek kronolojik olarak sıralandı. Tezin “dördüncü bölümü”nde de taranan eserlerin her birinden seçilen örnekler eşliğinde birleşik ve bağlı cümle çeşitlerinden bahsedildi. Tezin sonucunda ise sözcük öbekleri ve cümle ile ilgili yapılan incelemelerde dikkati çeken hususlara ve ortaya çıkan sayısal değerler ile oranların gösterildiği 2 tablo ve 10 şekile yer verildi.Doğu Türkçesine ait 14. ve 16. yüzyıl dönemi eserlerinden tespit edilen sözcük öbekleri ve cümle çeşitlerinin kuruluşları itibari ile ortak özelliklere sahip olmasının üzerinde, Çinggisli ve Timürlü sülâlelerinin bıraktığı zengin kültür mirasının etkili olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Çinggis Han tarafından kurulan Türk-Moğol devletinin mirasını devralarak Orta Asya, Ön Asya ve Çin’de hâkimiyet kuran Emir Timür ve sonra Şeybânlı sülalesinde devam eden bu kültürel miras, Doğu Türkçesi ile yazılmış eserlerin fonetik, morfolojik ve sentaks hususiyetleri üzerinde tezahür etmektedir.The Chaghatayid Khanate (1227-1370) is one of the four primary khanates of Turko-Mongol political union founded by Chinggisid Khan (1206-1227). Eastern Turkish (the second half of the 14th century - the beginning of the 20th century) which developed during the reign of Amir Timur (1370-1404) belonging to Barlas tribe which constituted the Chaghatayid Khanate, has begun to set its foundations within the history of Turkish language during the Middle Turkish era (11th- 16th centuries) and in the Khwarezm region, as of the 16th century, has been used with ˓Alī Shīr Navā˒ī as part of common literary language.Eastern Turkish is divided into three seperate periods; pre-classical, classical and post-classical era. In this thesis, a total of 17 texts, including 13 poetic and 4 prose selected among the pre-classical and classical texts of the Eastern Turkish (14th- 16th centuries) have been examined in terms of lexical bundles and sentences. A total of 6111 lexical bundles have been identified by being selected a hundred couplets and sentences from each poetic and prose. While at least one element of a large part of the samples presented in the thesis is consisted of the lexical bundle, the structures whose elements which haven’t consisted of any lexical bundles have taken very little part. This study, called “Lexical Bundles and Sentence in the Eastern Turkish (14th- 16th centuries)”, is consisted of a total of four chapters and one conclusion with the introduction. In the “Introduction”, firstly the classifications of the Eastern Turkish which is made with different terms and the process of being a literary language are explained. In the sequel, some information is given about the texts studied in terms of the scribal/ author, copy, content etc. In the second chapter of the thesis, the terms and their definitions used for each of the 19 different lexical bundles and the way in which these structures take place in grammatical books and the types have been examined. In addition, information is given about each item of the sentence.In the third chapter of the thesis, the lexical bundles and sentences used in the Eastern Turkish, which constitute the main topic of our study, are mentioned. The samples selected from the reviewed texts and composed of at least one element word are sorted by classifying according to their tasks and structures. In the fourth chapter of the thesis, the types of compound and complex (make with conjunctions) sentences are mentioned accompanied by the samples selected from reviewed texts. At the conclusion of the thesis, 2 chart and 10 figures in which numerical and proportional values and the important issuses which are appeared about the analyising that are done about the lexical bundles and sentences, are given.We can say that the rich cultural heritage which Chinggisid and the Timurid dynasties leave, is influential on having the common features in terms of construction of the lexical bundles and sentence types identified in the texts from the 14th and the 16th centuries belonging to Eastern Turkish. Amir Timur, who achieves domination in Central Asia, Asia Minor and China taking over the heritage of the Turko-Mongol state founded by Chinggisid Khan and this cultural heritage that is proceeding in Mawaraunnahr Shibanids played a binding and unifying role in the phonetics, morphology and especially syntax characteristics of the texts written in Eastern Turkish
Dynamic interaction of an elastic container with fluid
No full textThe vibration analysis of an elastic container with partially filled fluid was investigated in this paper. The container is made of a thin cylinder and two circular plates at the ends. The axis of the cylinder is in the horizontal direction. It is difficult to solve this problem because the complex system is not axially symmetric. The equations of motion for this system were derived. An incompressible and ideal fluid model is used in the present work. Solutions of the equations were obtained by the generalized variational method. The solution was expressed in a series of normalized generalized Fourier's functions. This series converged rapidly, and so its approximate solution was obtained with high precision. The agreement of the calculated values with the experimental result is good. It should be mentioned that with our method, the computer time is less than that with the finite-element method
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