1,721,089 research outputs found
Between enthusiasm and refusal: A cluster analysis on consumer types and attitudes towards peer-to-peer sharing
No full textThe rise of peer-to-peer platforms for sharing private resources has introduced new possibilities for access beyond ownership. Although experiencing fast growth, the academic literature has only recently begun to study individual user attitudes towards such new forms of consumption. Building on findings on the underlying consumer motives for peer-to-peer sharing, this study differentiates prototypical consumers by means of cluster analysis. Based on data from a large-scale online survey (n = 745) on consumer motives, we identify 5 main dimensions (concerns, benefits, product-specific aspects, social aspects, and ownership-related aspects). On these grounds, we identify 4 consumer types with distinct demographic and attitudinal characteristics: Social Enthusiasts, Conflicted Materialists, Skeptic Ascetics, and Individualistic Refuseniks. Based on these clusters' differences with regard to demographics and sharing behaviors, we derive implications for practitioners to tailor their business models and marketing strategies to the specific motivational patterns of the respective user groups
Digital Citizen Participation – Involving Citizens Through Immersive Systems in Urban Planning
Full text linkCitizen participation is a democratic practice that became, especially on a local level, an important mean for the public to be included in the development of their immediate surrounding. With the digitalization of work and social life also the digitalization of the public sector, including governmental action, began. This process, as a research discipline called digital government, includes addressing how the interaction between citizens and their state should be designed. A meaningful way to do so are digital platforms that enable participation in governmental action. Digital Citizen Participation, a concept introduced in this dissertation, tries to include recent technological innovations in e-Participation platform design. This dissertation argues that these innovations might help overcome general barriers in participation processes. When it comes to construction projects in urban environments for example, public debates and protests may arise if architectural plans remain unshared or are not sufficiently accessible for the citizens they might affect. To involve the public affected by urban planning, offering easily graspable visualizations for citizens is key. This dissertation deals with the participation of citizens in urban planning through an e-Participation platform that makes use of immersive technologies such as Augmented and Virtual Reality. In this work, this idea is investigated through a design science research approach that uses qualitative and quantitative methods. While the first qualitative study puts for-ward a set of meta-requirements and design principles based on interviews with 27 individuals, the second study (n=339) and third study (n=382) evaluate quantitatively a prototype based on those design principles. The used methods are adequately contex-tualized and, in the end, a final prototype of the platform is demonstrated. This allows to show findings concerning the forms and levels of participation citizens and initiators are interested in when using immersive systems for public participation, and how an ideal platform should be designed. Among many other findings, the studies show that citizens have a high interest in using immersive systems for public participation and find their qualities for visualization to be highly valuable
Amplifying the Value of Data : Strategy and Mechanisms to Exchange Data between Companies in Value Networks
Full text linkDesigning Digital Involvement in a Datafied Society
Full text linkIn modern societies, datafication has fundamentally reshaped how we comprehend and navigate social, economic, and political systems. Data mediates power and agency giving rise to new innovations, open business and administrative models, and promoting social connectivity and participation. Simultaneously, in reality, datafication has increased societal inequalities and fueled challenges, such as exploitation, privacy invasions, or the spread of disinformation.
Digital platforms have become key venues for the positive and negative effects of datafication, mediating the involvement of citizens in political, economic, or even scientific processes. Their design, therefore, goes beyond the mere consideration of technical functionality; it is decisive for maintaining and improving democratic practices. This dissertation examines the design of digital involvement focusing on the complexities of datafied societies. Thereby, it targets two key contributions. First, addressing the increasing convergence of public and private, as well as economic and political spheres, it establishes theoretical and practical foundations to unite traditional research streams on participatory practices under a shared perspective of “digital involvement”. Through a two-cyclic Design Science Research project, artifacts are developed that define digital involvement, capture its diversity, and support practitioners in navigating the field. Subsequently, they are applied to the use case of citizen science. Second, the dissertation provides a scientific and practice-oriented foundation for addressing the implications of datafication in formats and platforms of digital involvement. Two experimental studies give insights into the effects of varying data representations and explore the design of tools, simplifying complex participation scenarios. Additionally, three mixed-method studies investigate opportunities and system design for skill-enabling and learning in digital involvement. Overall, the dissertation interweaves multiple areas of information systems research, including crowdsourcing, digital government, e-learning, conversational agents and immersive systems, integrating interdisciplinary knowledge from the fields of citizen science and data literacy. It advances the theoretical and practical discourse through the systematic documentation of literature and platform landscapes, the acquisition of empirical findings, and the development and evaluation of new design artifacts. As a key result of Parts I and II, the dissertation demonstrates interest and applicability of the introduced digital involvement framework in practice and its usefulness in cross-domain and domain-specific contexts. Furthermore, Parts III and IV highlight the need for a nuanced approach to designing and evaluating participation formats and tools in datafied societies and present possible solutions for imparting complex data and data-related skills
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Abhandlungen über Vertrauen und soziale Voreingenommenheit in der digitalen Plattformökonomie
No full textThe Internet allows for an unprecedented level of information aggregation and human networking. In the absence of face-to-face contact, personal representation via profiles is an essential component of the willingness to interact with others online. The included attributes typically include name, place of residence and at least one picture thereby allowing conclusions to be drawn about personal traits–this helps counteract the risk from anonymity, including misconduct and fraud. Yet the information contained in user profiles is limited: Appearance, body language, behaviors–in short, everything that makes a person unique–is condensed into a few characters. This leads to misinterpretations and distorted conceptions about what are considered relevant characteristics of the counterpart. Potential implications include discrimination and growing social inequality. In this dissertation, current forms of online user representation are examined in order to discuss the potential of digital platforms as an instrument of democratization on the one hand and as an obstacle to digital inclusion on the other. In total, six research papers identify the social and economic effectiveness of user disclosure in the context of crowdsourcing. The predominantly quantitative-empirical analyses focus on inequality in relation to gender and ethnicity. After introducing the nature and development of "digital crowds," this work subsequently proceeds to examine a selection of Germany’s crowd-based platforms for the intermediation of venture capital (crowdfunding) and low-skilled labor exemplified by the domestic cleaning sector (crowdworking). The results contribute to a more nuanced picture of social discrepancies in the digital platform economy and illustrate that adequate access to economic opportunities appears to be denied to women and ethnic minorities–not just offline, but also online.Das Internet erlaubt eine bis dato unerreichte informationelle Verdichtung und menschliche Vernetzung. In Ermangelung persönlichen Kontakts dient die Darstellung von Nutzer*innen mittels Profilen als wesentlicher Bestandteil einer positiven Online-Erfahrung und als Grundlage für die Bereitschaft, mit anderen zu interagieren. Häufig lassen die darin enthaltenen Attribute, zu denen in der Regel Name, Wohnort und mindestens ein Bild gehören, Rückschlüsse auf persönliche Merkmale zu und helfen damit, Anonymität entgegenzuwirken und so Fehlverhalten oder gar Betrug zu verhindern. Doch Profilinformationen sind begrenzt: Aussehen, Körpersprache, Verhaltensweisen - kurzum, alles, was eine Person einzigartig macht, wird in der virtuellen Welt auf wenige Zeichen komprimiert. Dies verleitet zu Fehlinterpretationen und verzerrten Vorstellungen über die Vertrauenswürdigkeit des Gegenübers. Digitale Diskriminierung und wachsende soziale Ungleichheit sind mögliche Folgen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden bestehende Darstellungsformen von Online-Nutzer*innen auf den Prüfstand gestellt und das Potenzial digitaler Plattformen als Instrument der Demokratisierung einerseits und Hindernis für soziale Inklusion andererseits diskutiert. In insgesamt sechs Forschungsarbeiten werden die sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der Darstellung von Online-Nutzer*innen ermittelt. Im Mittelpunkt der überwiegend quantitativ-empirischen Analysen steht die wirtschaftliche Ungleichheit in Bezug auf die Merkmale Geschlecht und Herkunft. Nach einer Einführung über das Wesen und die Entwicklung der "digitalen Crowds" konzentriert sich die Arbeit im weiteren Verlauf auf in Deutschland aktive, crowdbasierte Plattformen zur Vermittlung von Risikokapital (Crowdfunding) und menschlicher Arbeitskraft (Crowdworking). Die Ergebnisse tragen zu einem differenzierteren Bild über sozial motivierte Diskrepanzen in der Plattformökonomie bei und verdeutlichen, dass der angemessene Zugang zur wirtschaftlichen Chancengleichheit für Frauen und ethnische Minderheiten auch online verwehrt zu sein scheint
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