1,720,959 research outputs found
The Gender Dimension of Vulnerability to Climatic Shocks in Low Income Country
No full textGender mainstreaming within policies and programs has remained a big priority among government and non-governmental organizations. In all societies, in all parts of the world, gender equality is not yet realized. Men and women have different roles, responsibilities and decision-making powers. Many people, however, find it difficult to understand in what way gender might be a factor in climate change (CC) or how it should be addressed. The prevailing gender power differences in terms of command over different capital endowments have significant impact on being disproportionately vulnerable to climate variability and its negative consequences. This article attempts to uncover the gender difference in vulnerability to the occurrences of climatic extremes with a survey of 452 households conducted in the central part of Ethiopia and time series data of climate variability and its impacts on livelihood. Trend analysis and statistical measurements were used to analyze the data. The study found out that there is a gendered vulnerability. Therefore, there is a need for gendered intervention in terms of policies and actions to reduce women’s vulnerability and build their resilience
Economics of Work Motivation: Empirical Study of Agricultural Extension Workers in Western Ethiopia
Full text linkIn the agricultural sector, the success of the extension services’ delivery is directly proportional to extension agents’ level of commitment and work motivation. This article analyzed factors determining the level of development agents’ work motivation in the western part of Ethiopia. Respondents were selected randomly and work motivation; which is the dependent variable was ordered from lower level of motivation to higher level of motivation. The ordered logistic regression result revealed that interpersonal relationship, work itself, distance from residence, salary sufficiency, career opportunity, recognitions, personal life and job security were the most important factors in determining work motivation. Therefore, in the process of agricultural transformation, the government of Ethiopia, who is the sole implementer of agricultural extension system in the country, should be able to design appropriate mechanisms to address these determinants of work motivation so as to boost the motivational level and individual commitment among the extension workers
The Gender Dimension of Vulnerability to Climatic Shocks in Low Income Country
Full text linkGender mainstreaming within policies and programs has remained a big priority among government and non-governmental organizations. In all societies, in all parts of the world, gender equality is not yet realized. Men and women have different roles, responsibilities and decision-making powers. Many people, however, find it difficult to understand in what way gender might be a factor in climate change (CC) or how it should be addressed. The prevailing gender power differences in terms of command over different capital endowments have significant impact on being disproportionately vulnerable to climate variability and its negative consequences. This article attempts to uncover the gender difference in vulnerability to the occurrences of climatic extremes with a survey of 452 households conducted in the central part of Ethiopia and time series data of climate variability and its impacts on livelihood. Trend analysis and statistical measurements were used to analyze the data. The study found out that there is a gendered vulnerability. Therefore, there is a need for gendered intervention in terms of policies and actions to reduce women’s vulnerability and build their resilience
Is Adaptation to Climate Variability Gendered? Evidence from a Developing Country, Ethiopia
No full textUniversally, it is agreed that adaptation is largely a social issue (as opposed to purely biophysical or technological). However, it is surprising that gender, one of the social issues is not yet playing a more explicit role in adaptation studies. Hence, in this twenty first century, when we are still experiencing gender inequality, ensuring successful adaptation of all community members to climate variability and change is less likely due to the prevailing gender power differences in terms of having access to key resources and services which has significant contribution for adaptation. This article attempts to uncover the gender difference in having access to resources and its impacts on adaptation to climatic shocks with cross sectional data from 452 households in Ethiopia and time series data on climate variability and agricultural production of the period 1981-2012. Trend analysis and statistical measurements were used to analyze the data. The study found out that there are gendered impacts of climate variability longitudinally and spatially. Moreover, there are differences in adaptation strategies pursued by female and male farmers to overcome climate variability and extremes. Therefore, there is a need for gendered intervention in terms of policies and actions to enhance adaptation and reducing recurring food insecurity.
 
Economics of Work Motivation: Empirical Study of Agricultural Extension Workers in Western Ethiopia
No full textIn the agricultural sector, the success of the extension services’ delivery is directly proportional to extension agents’ level of commitment and work motivation. This article analyzed factors determining the level of development agents’ work motivation in the western part of Ethiopia. Respondents were selected randomly and work motivation; which is the dependent variable was ordered from lower level of motivation to higher level of motivation. The ordered logistic regression result revealed that interpersonal relationship, work itself, distance from residence, salary sufficiency, career opportunity, recognitions, personal life and job security were the most important factors in determining work motivation. Therefore, in the process of agricultural transformation, the government of Ethiopia, who is the sole implementer of agricultural extension system in the country, should be able to design appropriate mechanisms to address these determinants of work motivation so as to boost the motivational level and individual commitment among the extension workers
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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