1,720,962 research outputs found
Improving genomic selection in hexaploid wheat with sub-genome additive and epistatic models
No full textHapMap files of genotypes by sub-genome and BLUPs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Epistasis in wheat breeding
Get PDFDoctor of PhilosophyGenetics Interdepartmental ProgramAllan K. FritzThe core objective of wheat breeding is to develop superior varieties to the target population of environments. As most agronomic traits are quantitative, the underlying genetic architecture is assumed to be additive, implying that the superiority of parental lines is transmitted to the offspring. However, often rather than rarely, wide crosses between elite genotypes yield poor breeding populations, indicating that additive might not be the major type of gene action. The inbreeding nature of wheat suggests that epistasis could be the underlying genetic architecture. The work presented here describes conventional and innovative methods to test the existence and extent of epistasis in wheat breeding. The first chapter presents a comprehensive literature review that discusses the theoretical framework for the creation of epistasis from gene duplication events and the expansion of this construct to the population levels. Then, the history of wheat is utilized to discuss the evolution of epistasis into a complex genetic system and the strategies utilized by breeding programs to manage this complexity and attain satisfactory levels of genetic gain. The second chapter utilizes an innovative approach to test the existence of sign epistasis in wheat breeding. Sign epistasis occurs when the effect of an allele can be beneficial or detrimental upon variation in the genetic background. Through the coupling of interchromosomal linkage disequilibrium analysis with the calculation of allele frequencies, 19 candidate interactions of sign epistasis were identified. Although the validation analyses attributed to random genetic drift the sign epistasis patterns observed in 11 candidate interactions, eight interactions presented strong evidence for sign epistasis and the main hypothesis could not be refuted. These findings imply that the effect of alleles can vary from positive to negative depending on the genetic background and explain the often poor combining ability of high performing lines. The third chapter explores the genetic architecture of wheat grain yield by modeling additive and additive-by-additive epistatic effects, using data from 3740 experimental lines. Modeling epistasis in whole genome or sub genome models marginally improved prediction accuracy in genomic selection models and resulted in non-orthogonal partition of genetic variance components. The estimation of sub genome additive effects showed that the best lines did not have the greatest additive effects in more than one sub genome, suggesting the possibility of making targeted crosses that combine genotypes with the highest additive effects in each subgenome
Soybean parental selection with genome wide selection and prediction of hybrid populations performance
No full textA seleção de genitores é a primeira etapa em um programa de melhoramento e define o potencial de sucesso no desenvolvimento de uma cultivar superior. A seleção genômica ampla (do inglês, genome wide selection – GWS) associa informações moleculares e fenotípicas e prediz o desempenho de progênies futuras (valor genético genômico predito) com informações moleculares. Neste cenário, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial da GWS na predição do desempenho de híbridos e, consequentemente, na seleção de genitores para cruzamentos, utilizando-se somente informações genotípicas dos híbridos. Ademais, almejou-se comparar os resultados com técnicas tradicionais de seleção de genitores (seleção univariada e multivariada), visando o estabelecimento de blocos de cruzamento, para, então, parametrizar o potencial da GWS. Para execução do experimento foram utilizados dados simulados tomando como referência o genoma da soja. Foram criadas 200 RILs (do inglês, recombinant inbred line) com informações moleculares de 5400 SNPs e quatro características fenotípicas (produtividade, altura de planta, acamamento e ramificações laterais). Além disso, foram gerados 19900 híbridos oriundos do intercruzamento de todas as RILs. O conjunto de informações das RILs foram criadas fazendo alusão ao processo de fenotipagem e genotipagem de um conjunto de linhagens de soja com potencial para serem selecionadas como genitores em um programa de melhoramento. Primeiramente, foram selecionadas 10 linhagens seguindo critério univariado para a característica de interesse, ou seja, baseando-se no desempenho fenotípico per se para a produtividade. Em seguida, utilizou-se de um critério multivariado para seleção de genitores. Neste, foi empregado o método de agrupamento de Tocher, utilizando-se a distância euclidiana média, e a técnica de componentes principais para seleção de 10 linhagens geneticamente divergentes. Posteriormente, a seleção de genitores (10 linhagens) foi baseada no valor genético genômico estimado das RILs, cuja estimação foi obtida a partir da metodologia de seleção genômica ampla, considerando o carácter produtividade. Neste caso, foram selecionadas as linhagens com maior valor genético genômico estimado. Os três blocos de cruzamentos gerados foram avaliados pelo modelo de análise dialélica proposto por Griffing (1956). Paralelamente, os valores fenotípicos dos híbridos foram analisados visando a seleção das melhores populações híbridas de cada bloco de cruzamento. Além disto, estimou-se o valor genético genômico predito de todos os híbridos oriundos do intercruzamento das 200 linhagens e o potencial preditivo foi verificado analisando-se o desempenho fenotípico dos melhores híbridos preditos. As metodologias de seleção de genitores univariada com base em valores fenotípicos e predição pela GWS apresentaram quatro populações híbridas promissoras de acordo com a análise dialélica, enquanto que o critério multivariado para seleção de genitores rendeu seis híbridos superiores. Entretanto, considerando-se a seleção dos 20% melhores híbridos baseados apenas em dados fenotípicos, foi observado que as populações mais promissoras foram encontradas no bloco de cruzamento baseado no valor genético genômico estimado dos genitores, seguido pelo critério multivariado e univariado. O desempenho fenotípico médio destes híbridos superiores foi 1,14, 1,11 e 0,93, respectivamente. A predição de performance empregada pela GWS para quatro características fenotípicas apresentou resultados promissores. O desempenho fenotípico dos melhores híbridos preditos para as características produtividade, altura de planta, acamamento e ramificações laterais apontou que 30%, 47%, 46% e 46% dos melhores híbridos preditos apresentaram excelente desempenho fenotípico, respectivamente. Além disso, observou-se que os genitores das populações híbridas com excelente desempenho fenotípico apresentavam elevados valores genético genômicos, destacando a importância de se considerar informações de genitores. Este resultado ressalta o potencial da GWS na predição do desempenho de híbridos e, consequentemente, na determinação dos genitores selecionados para cruzamentos.Parental selection is the main stage in a breeding program, once it delimits the success in developing a new cultivar. The Genome Wide Selection (GWS) enables the association of molecular information with phenotypic data and predicts the performance of future progenies (estimated breeding value) using molecular information. In this scenario, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of GWS to predict hybrid performance and, consequently, support parental selection, only employing genotypic information of hybrid populations. Besides, we aimed to compare the results with traditional methods of parental selection (univariate and multivariate selection), in order to form crossing blocks, and, therefore, to parametrize the GWS potential. We ran this study based on simulated data from the soybean reference genome. We created 200 RILs (recombinant inbred line) associated to molecular information (5400 SNP markers) and four phenotypic traits (yield, plant height, lodging and number of branches). We created the 19900 hybrids from the intercross of all RILs as well. The group of RILs data was created aiming to allude the process of genotyping and phenotyping a set of soybean inbred lines with potential to yield promising hybrids. First, 10 inbred lines were selected according to per se performance criteria for yield, that is, the most yielding lines were selected. Then, a multivariate approach was employed for parental selection. In this case, the Tocher grouping technique, based on average Euclidean distance, and Principal Components analysis were employed to select the most genetically divergent inbred lines (10 inbred selected). Next, the parental selection (10 inbred lines selected) was based on estimated breeding value of RILs, whose estimation was made according to the GWS methodology for yield. All three crossing blocks were evaluated through diallele cross analysis following the method proposed by Griffing (1956). Alongside, the hybrids phenotypic performance was analyzed solely as well. Moreover, we estimated all hybrids breeding value from the intercross of the 200 RILs and its prediction capability was verified analyzing the phenotypic performance of the best predicted hybrids. The parental selection approaches based on univariate criteria and GWS prediction displayed four promising hybrid populations according to the diallele cross analysis, while the multivariate criteria yielded six superior hybrids. However, considering selecting the 20% best hybrids based solely on phenotypic performance, we observed that the most promising ones were found in the crossing block based on estimated breeding value, follow by the multivariate approach and univariate criteria. The phenotypic average performance of these superior hybrids populations were 1.14, 1.11 and 0.93, respectively. The performance prediction employed for four agronomic traits by GWS delivered promising results. The phenotypic analysis of the best hybrids according to the GWS prediction model (ones with highest estimated breeding value) for yield, plant height, lodging and number of branches pointed out that 30%, 47%, 46% and 46% of theses hybrids performed phenotypically greatly, respectively. In addition, the genitors of the hybrid populations with excellent phenotypic performance had great estimated breeding value, indicating parental information importance. These results highlight the potential of GWS in predicting the best hybrids and, therefore, establishing the best parents for crossing.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
