1,720,959 research outputs found
Indice di severità climatica: classificazione dei comuni italiani ai fini della climatizzazione estiva degli edifici
Full text linkL'applicazione del Dlgs.192/05, prevede che ai fini della certificazione energetica in edilizia, sia valutato il fabbisogno di energia primaria di un edificio, e successivamente, sia assegnata ad esso, in funzione di tale parametro, una classe di efficienza energetica. Al momento, in Italia, sono stati fissati i limiti al fabbisogno solo per quanto riguarda la climatizzazione invernale. Il territorio nazionale è stato suddiviso, infatti, in zone climatiche invernali in conformità a un indice climatico, definito dai gradi-giorno invernali, e sono stati individuati i valori limite del fabbisogno energetico su tale base. La diffusione dei sistemi di condizionamento estivi, con il conseguente aumento dei consumi energetici, rende necessario procedere, anche in tal caso, alla definizione di zone climatiche estive contraddistinte da un indice di severità climatica estivo. La definizione di questo indice estivo presenta maggiori difficoltà rispetto al corrispondente indice invernale giacché le variabili climatiche di cui tenere conto sono più numerose e più complesse da valutare. Nei precedenti lavori è stata proposta una prima applicazione di tale indice ed è stata verificata la validità del modello matematico utilizzato, prendendo in esame, per il calcolo del fabbisogno energetico per il raffrescamento estivo al variare delle caratteristiche climatiche (temperatura, radiazione solare e umidità), prima un edificio residenziale, e in seguito, un edificio del terziario ad uso ufficio situati in venti località di riferimento; ne è conseguita la assegnazione di 101 capoluoghi di provincia a sette zone climatiche estive (da A a G) di indice di severità estivo e, quindi, di fabbisogno energetico crescente. Nel presente lavoro sono descritte le modalità di calcolo seguite per l'estensione della valutazione dell'Indice di Severità a tutti i comuni italiani: partendo dai dati climatici riportati nella UNI 10349/94 per 101 province italiane, e seguendo, di massima e là dove possibile, i criteri di interpolazione dei dati esposti nella norma, sono state valutate per le varie località in esame, le tre grandezze climatiche fondamentali: Temperatura, Irradiazione solare e Umidità specifica. Successivamente è stato possibile calcolare l'Indice di Severità Climatica e assegnare, in funzione di esso, una classe climatica agli 8094 comuni italiani.The application in Italy of the European Directive 2002/91/CE, about the energy performance of buildings, through the Dlgs.192/05 and Dlgs.311/06, provide for the energy certification in building. The certification means the calculation of a parameter, the building specific requirement of primary energy, and the successive allocation of the building, as function of the value of such parameter, to a certain energy efficiency class. At the moment just limits for heating energy need in winter, have been fixed. The national territory has been subdivided, in fact, in winter climatic zones in compliance with an index of climatic severity (heating degree-day) and limit values for the energy requirements has been set. The spread of the summer air conditioning systems, with the consequent increase of the energy consumptions, renders necessary to proceed, also in such case, to the definition of summer climatic zones by a summer
index of climatic severity. The summer index definition involves greater difficulties regarding the correspondent winter index since climatic variables, in this case, are more numerous and complex to estimate. In a previous reports a first application of such index has been proposed, and has been tested the effectiveness of mathematical model, taking into account a residential building and an office building, to evaluate the
cooling energy need: in this way, have been classified the Italian provincial capitals in summer climatic zone. This work describes the calculation method to extend the Severity Climatic Index at all Italian towns: starting from climate data given on the UNI 10349, and following the interpolation methods described in the standard, have been evaluated the main climate parameters for each town: air temperature, specific humidity and solar radiation. Subsequently has been calculated the Severity Climatic Index and a climate class has been assigned to each Italian town
Development of daylight availability maps in Italy: Methodology and validation
No full textThis paper describes a study aimed at providing outdoor illuminance data in Italy, to be used to evaluate daylight potential contribution in the energy performance of buildings. Starting from solar radiation data, a luminous efficacy model was implemented to derive outdoor illuminance for Italian territory. The results obtained were compared with ground measurements, carried out in three different Italian sites (Milan, Rome and Lampedusa island), and the accuracy of model, has been improved introducing specific metrics for Italian context. Typical Meteorological Years (TMYs) of global and diffused components of daylight illuminance, were built for 243 locations, considering different time profiles. Since the definition of the spatial and temporal trend of environmental variables or metrics requires the application of appropriate interpolation procedure, geostatistic methods (kriging), was used to develop Italian daylight maps. The daylight availability maps will be included in the Italian database of solar radiation (www.solaritaly.enea.it) providing an useful tool for lighting energy performances in buildings applications
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Analisys of Daylight Availability in Italy Trough Different Louminous Efficacy Models
No full textThis paper presents the results of a study aimed at developing an Italian database of Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) for the global and diffuse outdoor illuminance, starting from solar irradiation measurements and luminous efficacy models. The main objective is to provide reliable climatic data to be used for the estimation of the daylight availability in buildings and predict the energy requirements for electric lighting with higher accuracy than the actual relevant standard. ENEA developed the national solar radiation atlas during the past years, implementing validated models to predict the global, direct and diffuse irradiation, starting from satellite remote sensing. For this study, the most relevant luminous efficacy models were applied to develop illuminance TMY starting from solar irradiation data. Illuminance availability curves were developed for three reference localities of the Italian territory (Milan, Rome, Palermo), highlighting how results can be used to derive the potential contribution of daylight for buildings energy applications. In order to verify the results obtained, a ground measurements compaign of the outdoor illuminance, was started to test the effectiveness of model. The first data processed, show low differences between estimated values and measured data, confirming the validity of selected model. © 2017. The Authors
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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