1,720,972 research outputs found
Can Cerebral Near-infrared Spectroscopy Predict Cerebral Ischemic Events in Neurosurgical Patients? A Narrative Review of the Literature
No full textCerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is considered a valuable noninvasive modality for cerebral oxygenation monitoring during cardiovascular surgery and cardiac arrest. We assessed the capability of cerebral NIRS to predict cerebral desaturation and the related neurological outcomes in neurosurgical patients. A literature search in different electronic medical databases was performed from inception to January 2018. A total of 286 citations were found and finally 48 studies were retrieved, only 7 of these were eligible and included for review. A meta-analysis was not feasible because of high heterogeneity of patients' groups, different NIRS techniques used in the studies and different outcome criteria selected. The qualitative assessment showed controversial data on the threshold value of cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy used for detecting cerebral ischemia in neurosurgical patients. The evidence on the selected studies is not strong enough, at the moment, to recommend cerebral NIRS as a mandatory monitor to detect cerebral deoxygenation able to predict the future neurological outcome in neurosurgical patients. Further studies are needed to validate a threshold value for cerebral ischemia and the relationship between NIRS-detected cerebral desaturation and clinical outcome in the neurosurgical population
Interindividual variability in platelet reactivity among individuals with or without antiplatelet therapy. Results from a large tertiary care hospital
Full text linkAntiplatelet therapy is crucial for reducing thrombotic events in patients with atherosclerotic disease, but the response vary widely among individuals. The identification of patients at high (HPR), optimal (OPR) or low platelet reactivity (LPR) is dependent on high interlaboratory variability. We report results of a large dataset of patients to assess the gold standard light transmission aggregometry (LTA). A total of 11,913 patients who sequentially underwent LTA assessment using several stimuli (ADP-2 mu M, collagen-2 mu g/ml, arachidonic acid 0.5 mM, epinephrine 10 mu M) with a standardized methodology between 2004 and 2022 were screened. After application of inclusion-exclusion criteria, 5,901 patients were included and divided into five groups: healthy-volunteers (HV; N = 534); controls (CTR; N = 1073); aspirin-treated patients (ASA; 75-150 mg/die; N = 3280); clopidogrel-treated patients (CLOP; 75 mg/die; N = 495) and patients treated with dual antiplatelet therapy, ASA plus CLOP (DAPT; N = 519). The mean PA% in response to ADP 2 mu m was 72.4 +/- 33.3 in the CTR population, 40.6 +/- 29.9 in the ASA group, 25.1 +/- 35.1 in the CLOP group and 10.2 +/- 18.5 in the DAPT group. The mean PA% in response to collagen 2 ug/ml was 90.7 +/- 10.5 in the CTR population, 40.8 +/- 26.3 in the ASA group, 79.4 +/- 21.8 in the CLOP group and 17.9 +/- 19.9 in the DAPT group. The percentage of patients at OPR following ADP stimuli was 66%, 25%, and 26%, in the ASA, CLOP, and DAPT group, respectively. The percentage of patients at OPR following collagen stimuli was 56%, 22%, and 41%, in the ASA, CLOP, and DAPT group, respectively. LTA was significantly increased in response to ADP (72.4 +/- 33.3vs62.7 +/- 37.1; p < 0.001) and AA (90.7 +/- 15.6vs87.6 +/- 20.5; p < 0.001) in CTR compared to HV. Our findings support the concept that a significant proportion of individuals present a hyper- or hypo-reactive platelet phenotype potentially affecting the safety and efficacy of antiplatelet therapy. The variability in response to antiplatelet therapy was particularly evident in patients undergoing single as opposed to dual antiplatelet therapy regimens. These data support ongoing strategies of guided selection of antiplatelet therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Pain after Lumbar Spine Procedures: A Systematic Review
Full text linkBackground and objective: In the past 2 decades, in developed countries, spine procedures (surgical and percutaneous) had the highest absolute increase in case volume trend. The optimal approach to prevent and treat postoperative pain is continuously evolving. This systematic literature review presents evidence on safety and efficacy of pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies to prevent and treat postoperative pain after lumbar spine procedures. Databases and data treatment: Publications listed in PUBMED and EMBASE were considered to identify randomized clinical trials suitable for inclusion in this systematic review. Key words for literature search were selected, with authors' agreement, using the PICOS approach (participants, interventions, comparisons, outcomes, and study design). Results: Fifty-nine randomized clinical trials (involving a total of 4,238 patients, with ages ranging from 18 to 86 years) published between January 2012 and September 2017 were retrieved. Data are presented according to the timing of therapy administration. Conclusion and recommendations: Clinical evidence on perioperative pain management in patients undergoing spine procedures have significantly evolved after the review published in 2012. The aim of this systematic review was to report the latest evidence published. These include the preoperative use of dexamethasone, which was shown to be able to reduce pain at mobilization but not to reduce pain at rest or total morphine consumption; the use of gabapentinoids as part of a multimodal analgesic approach; and the safety and effectiveness of the intraoperative use of ketamine, dexketoprofen, and tramadol. Finally, electrical nerve stimulation is gaining interest and is potentially suitable for clinical needs
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