1,720,955 research outputs found
50 Shades of Green - en undersøgelse af uklare begreber i miljøkommunikation
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to vary the existing knowledge on ambiguity and vagueness in the field of environmental communication. There has been a tendency in the existing research to assume, that use of vague or ambiguous terms like green, sustainable and environmentally friendly is in all regards inconvenient when it comes to communicating environmental matters to consumers. Since it has been assumed without further studies, this study examines it closer by focusing on how the receivers of environmental communication perceive the three terms. The thesis has a linguistic approach and draws on theories such as eco-linguist Peter Mühlhäusler,framing theorists such as George Lakoff, Robert Entman and Deborah Tannen and different approaches to vagueness and ambiguity, among others Herbert Paul Grice, Dan Sperber & Deirdre Wilson and Eric M. Eisenberg. In addition, the study provides a model of seven types of linguistic vagueness. The empirical basis of the study is eight interviews with citizens of Copenhagen aged 23-46 years, who are interested in environmental matters. A citymap of the sustainable initiatives in Copenhagen, made by the company ‘Go Green Copenhagen’, is used as a methodical tool in the interviews. This study shows, that use of vague and ambiguous terms like green, sustainable and environmentally friendly can be both inconvenient and convenient for consumers in their daily lives. On one hand the vagueness and ambiguity of the terms, and the lack of additional explanation, makes the consumers confused and skeptical. On the other hand, the knowledge of environmental problems is very complex, and the terms therefore serve a purpose by simplifying and thereby conveying complex knowledge. The openness of the terms also makes it possible for consumers to interpret them in different ways, depending on the specific context and their personal interests. Both advantages makes it easier for them to act on recommendations to have a more sustainable lifestyle. The results also show, that the context is an important factor in the interviewees' assessment of the three terms. Firstly, it makes a big difference if they are to judge them in proportion to defining the terms or acting on them in their everyday lives. Secondly, the contexts of environmental matters as marketing and a trend seems to make them more skeptical. Thirdly, the contexts of the study such as the subject and the interview situation are crucial for how they construct meaning.The aim of this thesis is to vary the existing knowledge on ambiguity and vagueness in the field of environmental communication. There has been a tendency in the existing research to assume, that use of vague or ambiguous terms like green, sustainable and environmentally friendly is in all regards inconvenient when it comes to communicating environmental matters to consumers. Since it has been assumed without further studies, this study examines it closer by focusing on how the receivers of environmental communication perceive the three terms. The thesis has a linguistic approach and draws on theories such as eco-linguist Peter Mühlhäusler,framing theorists such as George Lakoff, Robert Entman and Deborah Tannen and different approaches to vagueness and ambiguity, among others Herbert Paul Grice, Dan Sperber & Deirdre Wilson and Eric M. Eisenberg. In addition, the study provides a model of seven types of linguistic vagueness. The empirical basis of the study is eight interviews with citizens of Copenhagen aged 23-46 years, who are interested in environmental matters. A citymap of the sustainable initiatives in Copenhagen, made by the company ‘Go Green Copenhagen’, is used as a methodical tool in the interviews. This study shows, that use of vague and ambiguous terms like green, sustainable and environmentally friendly can be both inconvenient and convenient for consumers in their daily lives. On one hand the vagueness and ambiguity of the terms, and the lack of additional explanation, makes the consumers confused and skeptical. On the other hand, the knowledge of environmental problems is very complex, and the terms therefore serve a purpose by simplifying and thereby conveying complex knowledge. The openness of the terms also makes it possible for consumers to interpret them in different ways, depending on the specific context and their personal interests. Both advantages makes it easier for them to act on recommendations to have a more sustainable lifestyle. The results also show, that the context is an important factor in the interviewees' assessment of the three terms. Firstly, it makes a big difference if they are to judge them in proportion to defining the terms or acting on them in their everyday lives. Secondly, the contexts of environmental matters as marketing and a trend seems to make them more skeptical. Thirdly, the contexts of the study such as the subject and the interview situation are crucial for how they construct meaning
Bytte bytte marked - fra oplevelse til adfærdsændring
No full textDette er et oplevelsesbaseret og praksisteoretisk projekt, der tager udgangspunkt i casen 'byttemarkeder', der har til formål at påvirke deltagernes forbrugsadfærd i en mere miljøvenlig retning. På en byttemarked giver man sine gamle ting, og kan bagefter tage hvad man vil. Projektet undersøger, hvordan byttemarkedet påvirker deltagernes forbrugsadfærd, samt i hvor høj grad de motiveres af at gøre noget godt for miljøet. Det undersøges ved at uddele spørgeskemaer på tre byttemarkeder, samt ved at interviewe en fokusgruppe med fire deltagere fra byttemarkeder. Analysen viser, at deltagerne shopper mindre og rydder mere op, efter de har været på byttemarked, og at de både motiveres af at gøre noget for andre, for sig selv og som led i et større projekt – at bekæmpe overforbrug. Byttemarkedet gør særligt indtryk på dem, fordi det både vækker stor glæde over at give og få, samt stor væmmelse over andres og egen opførsel i forhold til de mange gratis ting. Adfærdsændringen sker fordi deltagerne involveres aktivt i en række handlinger, der påvirker deres sanser og dermed følelser. Følelserne bliver en katalysator for forandring. Miljøet har en sekundær betydning som motivationsfaktor, og det diskuteres derfor hvordan forforståelserne om miljøets rolle har haft betydning for projektets endelige resultat.Dette er et oplevelsesbaseret og praksisteoretisk projekt, der tager udgangspunkt i casen 'byttemarkeder', der har til formål at påvirke deltagernes forbrugsadfærd i en mere miljøvenlig retning. På en byttemarked giver man sine gamle ting, og kan bagefter tage hvad man vil. Projektet undersøger, hvordan byttemarkedet påvirker deltagernes forbrugsadfærd, samt i hvor høj grad de motiveres af at gøre noget godt for miljøet. Det undersøges ved at uddele spørgeskemaer på tre byttemarkeder, samt ved at interviewe en fokusgruppe med fire deltagere fra byttemarkeder. Analysen viser, at deltagerne shopper mindre og rydder mere op, efter de har været på byttemarked, og at de både motiveres af at gøre noget for andre, for sig selv og som led i et større projekt – at bekæmpe overforbrug. Byttemarkedet gør særligt indtryk på dem, fordi det både vækker stor glæde over at give og få, samt stor væmmelse over andres og egen opførsel i forhold til de mange gratis ting. Adfærdsændringen sker fordi deltagerne involveres aktivt i en række handlinger, der påvirker deres sanser og dermed følelser. Følelserne bliver en katalysator for forandring. Miljøet har en sekundær betydning som motivationsfaktor, og det diskuteres derfor hvordan forforståelserne om miljøets rolle har haft betydning for projektets endelige resultat
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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