1,720,966 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Sexual dimorphism in the human species : from gonad development to longevity
No full textLe dimorphisme sexuel correspond aux différentes caractéristiques qui permettent de distinguer les mâles et les femelles d’une espèce. Chez l’humain, le dimorphisme sexuel s’installe dès la vie utérine avec la mise en place des organes génitaux, se développe de manière importante à l’âge de la puberté avec l’apparition des caractéristiques sexuelles secondaires et de la fonction de reproduction, et va se poursuivre avec un rôle sur la longévité des individus. Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes intéressés à des gènes impliqués dans la stéroïdogenèse, le développement des gonades et/ou la spermatogenèse : CYP21A2, NR5A1 et NR0B1, et nous avons évalué, dans les situations de pathologie humaine, leur rôle dans les anomalies de la sécrétion hormonale, du développement des organes génitaux et de la fertilité. Ainsi nous avons pu déterminer les valeurs de références du profil stéroïdien normal dans le liquide amniotique et caractériser les anomalies de ce profil dans les cas de fœtus présentant une variation du développement génital liée à une anomalie du gène CYP21A2 à l’origine d’un déficit en 21-hydroxylase. Ces données permettent d’améliorer le diagnostic anténatal du déficit en 21-hydroxylase et la prise en charge à la naissance. Nous avons aussi pu apporter de nouvelles données sur le profil hormonal des patients présentant une hypoplasie congénitale des surrénales liée à l’X (dans le cas des anomalies de NR0B1) et de patients avec une dysgénésie testiculaire liée à une anomalie de NR5A1. Nous avons montré que les hommes présentant une anomalie de NR0B1 ou NR5A1 sont le plus souvent infertiles et que la préservation de leur fertilité est difficile même si on intervient précocement à l’adolescence. Aucun spermatozoïde n’a pu être récupéré lors d’une biopsie testiculaire réalisée chez un adolescent avec anomalie de NR5A1 ou après injection de gonadotrophines recombinantes chez deux adolescents avec anomalie de NR0B1. Ces données permettent d’approfondir les connaissances médicales sur les pathologies génétiques étudiées, ainsi que d’améliorer leur diagnostic et leur prise en charge. Dans un second temps, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’influence du dimorphisme sexuel sur la longévité humaine. En effet, les hommes vivent en moyenne 5 ans de moins que les femmes. D’après la littérature, les différences dans le mode de vie et dans de nombreux facteurs biologiques entre les hommes et des femmes contribuent de manière complexe et probablement conjointe à cet écart de longévité. Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes focalisés sur l’hypothèse de la toxicité du chromosome Y sur la longévité humaine. Une étude récente réalisée chez la drosophile montre que la longévité des individus est inversement corrélée au nombre de chromosomes Y dans le caryotype et que cette tendance pourrait être expliquée par la richesse du chromosome Y en éléments répétés, incluant les éléments transposables (ETs, i.e. éléments mobiles dont l’expression peut avoir des effets délétères). Chez la drosophile, l’expression des ETs augmente avec l’âge et ce de manière plus prononcée chez le mâle que chez la femelle. Nous avons testé l’hypothèse de toxicité du chromosome Y à partir de données transcriptomiques et épigénétiques sanguines issues de femmes de caryotype normal (46,XX) et d’hommes de caryotype normal (46,XY) ou anormal (47,XXY et 47,XYY). Nous avons montré qu’il existe une association positive entre l’expression des ETs et la présence et le nombre de chromosomes Y. Grâce à l’utilisation d’horloges épigénétiques, nous avons pu montrer une accélération du vieillissement des individus 47,XYY et 47,XXY par rapport aux individus 46,XY d’après l’horloge Skin & Blood et un ralentissement du vieillissement des individus 47,XXY d’après l’horloge GrimAge. Ces nouvelles données permettent de mieux comprendre les mécanismes du vieillissement humain et de soutenir l’impact potentiel du chromosome Y sur la longévité humaine.Sexual dimorphism refers to the different characteristics that distinguish males and females of a species. In humans, sexual dimorphism begins in utero with the formation of the genitalia, develops significantly during puberty with the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive function, and continues by playing a role in individual longevity. First, we focused on genes involved in steroidogenesis, gonadal development, and/or spermatogenesis: CYP21A2, NR5A1, and NR0B1, and we evaluated their role in human pathology, particularly in cases of hormonal secretion abnormalities, genital organ development, and fertility. This allowed us to determine reference values for the normal steroid profile in amniotic fluid and to characterize abnormalities in this profile in fetuses with genital development variations related to a CYP21A2 gene anomaly, which causes 21-hydroxylase deficiency. These data help improve prenatal diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency and the management of affected newborns. We also provided new insights into the hormonal profiles of patients with X-linked congenital adrenal hypoplasia (in cases of NR0B1 anomalies) and patients with testicular dysgenesis related to NR5A1 anomalies. We showed that men with NR0B1 or NR5A1 anomalies are often infertile, and preserving their fertility is difficult, even with early intervention during adolescence. No spermatozoa could be retrieved from a testicular biopsy performed on an adolescent with an NR5A1 anomaly, or after recombinant gonadotropin injections in two adolescents with NR0B1 anomalies. These findings deepen medical knowledge about the studied genetic disorders and improve their diagnosis and management. Secondly, we explored the influence of sexual dimorphism on human longevity. On average, men live 5 years less than women. According to the literature, differences in lifestyle and numerous biological factors between men and women contribute complexly and likely jointly to this longevity gap. In this study, we focused on the hypothesis of Y chromosome toxicity on human longevity. A recent study in Drosophila shows that an individual's lifespan is inversely correlated with the number of Y chromosomes in the karyotype, and this trend could be explained by the Y chromosome's richness in repetitive elements, including transposable elements (TEs, i.e., mobile elements whose expression can have deleterious effects). In Drosophila, the expression of TEs increases with age, more so in males than in females. We tested the hypothesis of Y chromosome toxicity using transcriptomic and epigenetic blood data from women with a normal karyotype (46,XX) and men with normal (46,XY) or abnormal (47,XXY and 47,XYY) karyotypes. We showed a positive association between the expression of TEs and the presence and number of Y chromosomes. Using epigenetic clocks, we demonstrated accelerated aging in 47,XYY and 47,XXY individuals compared to 46,XY individuals according to the Skin & Blood clock, and slower aging in 47,XXY individuals according to the GrimAge clock. These new findings help to better understand the mechanisms of human aging and support the potential impact of the Y chromosome on human longevity
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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