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L'efficienza del V02 nella affidabilità prestativa nell'età adulta ed anziana (modificazioni indotte da esercizio fisico controllato)
No full textCore training for balance and performance
No full textIntroduction. Core stability and strength exercises are a common practice in fitness and sport world, despite the poor of scientific support about their relation with performance.
Aim of the work: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a core training program on functional dynamic balance in healthy collegiate people.
Materials and Methods. Twenty seven students were involved in our study; they were divided in a Training Group (TG, n= 19, mean age = 22.6 ± 2.7 yrs; height 175.7 ± 9.4 cm; weight 74.8 ± 15.1 kg) and in a Control Group (CG, n= 8, mean age = 20.6 ± 2.0 yrs; height 172.9 ± 6.4 cm; weight 67.8 ± 6.6 kg) and participated in a repeated measures design with pre and post training measures of balance using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). They were submitted to a 8 weeks core training program focused on 6 exercises with specific progression from floor to unstable surface, eyes open to eyes closed, static to dynamic movement, two to one foot, and increased to the inclusion off-centred forces (torque).
Results.
Both group improved SEBT scores for right (R-SEBT) and left (L-SEBT) side with higher values for TG; in particular, TG increased R-SEBT and L-SEBT of 11,6% and 11,5% (p=0,00) and CG increased of 4,4% (p=0,03) and 2,9% (p>0,05), respectively. Pre-post comparison showed significant difference between TG and CG for both side (p<0,05).
Conclusions.
TG improvements in SEBT highlight the effect of a core stability and strength exercises on neuro-muscular control and balance. Therefore, a progressive core training program could be a good way to enhance functional dynamic responses and performance in healthy collegiate people
Training for balance and improved muscle coordination using the Bosu®
No full textResearchers and trainers that promote training on unstable platforms claim that utilizing equipment like the Stability Ball, wobble board and BOSU® Balance Trainer provide a greater stress to the overall musculature. It has been hypothesized that performing exercise in an unstable environment stresses the synergistic and stabilizing muscles around a joint system for any given movement providing a more specific and functional form of training. Studies documenting improved neuromuscular control of balance following such training using floor and BOSU® exercise has yet to be documented. This study examined improvements in balance and neural coordination of muscles involved in balance and standing posture following a five week training program in middle aged females.
Sixteen females (mean age = 46.9 ± 8.7 yrs; height 161.1 ± 6.0cm; weight 65.4 ± 11.2 kg) participated in a repeated measures design, with pre and post training measures of balance using the Stork Stand with both eyes open and eyes closed. Muscle recruitment was determined using root mean squared EMG activity in internal oblique, rectus abdominis, errector spinae and biceps femoris muscles. Paired T-tests were used to compare both eyes open and closed conditions, and pre-post for each muscle group. Training included a progression from floor to BOSU® unstable surface, eyes open to eyes closed, static to dynamic exercise, from two to one foot, and progressed to the inclusion off-centred forces (torque).
Stork stand balance scores significantly improved for the eyes closed condition (p=0.01) following training. For each muscle group (except the internal oblique pre-training condition (p=0.11)) subjects had a significantly greater muscle activation (p<0.02) during the eyes closed condition as compared to eyes open both pre and post training. Muscle activity was reduced post-training in all muscles in each condition although not all significantly. Rectus abdominis and erector spinae activity was significantly reduced post training in the eyes closed (p<0.02) but not in the eyes open (p>0.05) condition; Biceps femoris activity significantly decreased (p<0.04) in both eyes open and closed conditions.
Standing balance improved post training, with favourable changes in stabilizing muscles. Reduced biceps femoris activity suggest that improved coordination of muscles involved in balance reduced body sway; the core muscles were able to control body position with less activity post training suggesting improved muscle coordination and efficiency. These results suggest that progressive BOSU® balance training can improve standing balance in middle aged women, particularly in the more challenging eyes closed condition
Short term metabolic and cardiovascular effects induced by physical exercise in subjects with diabetes type 2
No full textAim. The increased prevalence of diabetes in industrialized countries, due to a change in life style, led the WHO to speak about a true "epidemic". Diabetes type 2 includes 90% of all cases of diabetes mellitus and is an important chapter in national health expenses. Sedentary habits and obesity are among the most important risk factors, while regular physical activity is a preventive and therapeutic factor. Several studies have shown that physical exercise, performed with controlled intensity and time, leads to a general improvement of this disease parameters. The aim of this study was to verify the cardiovascular and metabolic effects induced by short time physical exercise in subjects with diabetes mellitus type 2 and to evaluate the psychological effects. Methods. Eleven subjects, mean age 60 years, all suffering from overweight or obesity, and other pathologies such as arterial hypertension, high cholesterol and lipid levels and a strong insulin-resistance. Some controls have been carried out during single visits as well as before and after the whole period of the study. For each subject weight, height, waist and hip were measured. Moreover, the following examinations were carried out: electrocardiogram, complete urine test, blood test including urea, creatinine, hemochrome, glycemia at fast, glycate hemoglobin, chlorine, magnesium and potassium. The levels of type A and type B natriuretic peptides have been evaluated before and after each visit. Results. The qualitative analysis of the findings shows an improvement of the glycemic levels at rest (9 out of 11 <0.01) and a decrease of the glycate hemoglobin level (9 out of 11). The lipid profile, blood triglyceride and cholesterol did not show significant changes as well as tests carried out on urine, hemochrome and urea and creatinine levels. The statistical analysis did not point out a significant decrease of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure. Ten subjects out of 11 showed an improvement of the psychological condition and a positive influence to get a more active life style and a good management of the disease
Training for improved neuro-muscular control of balance in middle aged females
No full textThis study examined improvements in static balance and muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity following a four week progressive training program in 16 middle aged females (mean age = 46.9 +/- 8.7 yrs; height 161.1 +/- 6.0 cm; weight 65.4 +/- 11.2 kg). Participants trained 3 times per week for 4 weeks, for 50 min per session, progressing base of support, stability, vision, resistance and torque in each of six basic exercises. Pre and post training measures of balance included feet together standing, a tandem stance and a one-leg stand (unsupported leg in the saggital plane) performed with the eyes closed, and a Stork Stand (unsupported leg in the frontal plane) with both eyes open and closed. In each position postural deviations were tallied for each individual while muscle recruitment was determined using root mean squared (RMS) EMG activity for the soleus, biceps femoris, erector spinae, rectus abdominis and internal oblique muscles of the dominant foot side. Balance scores were significantly improved post training in both the Balance Error Score System (p < 0.05) and stork stand positions (p < 0.01). Muscle activity was reduced post-training in all muscles in each condition except the soleus in the tandem position, although not all significantly. Reduced biceps femoris activity suggest that improved core stability allowed participants to move from a hip to an ankle postural control strategy through improved coordination of muscles involved in balance and reduced body sway. The core muscles were able to control body position with less activity post training suggesting improved muscle coordination and efficiency. These results suggest that short term progressive floor to BOSU (TM) balance training can improve standing balance in middle aged women. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Effect of training, detraining and deconditioning on V̇O2 slow component
No full textThis study was designed to evaluate the effects on V̇O2 slow component (V̇O2sc) of a 7-week aerobic training and of a detraining of the same duration in 4 subjects (I group); and of 4 weeks deconditioning in 3 subjects (II group). The 7 subjects (22.1±0.9 years), physically active, have performed a ramping-test for detecting the 1st ventilatory threshold (Sv1) and maximal aerobic capacity, on which the constant load exercises wattage had selected, always supra-Sv1. These latter have been used for the V̇O2 kinetics study, employing mathematical models with 2 exponential terms fitted on experimental data through an original software. The V̇O2sc entity in O2 ml/kg has been obtained by the integral of the area among the 2 exponential of the mathematical model. As to deconditioning, the group II subjects have stopped each attivity in gym. In group I the V̇O2sc in average, reduced with the training of ∼42%, and increased after detraining of ∼68%; between pretraining and detraining it decreased of 10%. In group II after deconditioning V̇O2sc increased in average of ∼22%- The V̇O2sc reduction with training ad its increase with detraining confirm the results of previous studies. While the deconditioning has increased the V̇O2sc, this is decreased, even a little, between pretraining and detraining. It's likely that the detraining effects influence the V̇O2sc responsible mechanisms in more extended times respect to those from us employed, subsequently to the loss of training-induced advantages
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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