1,720,961 research outputs found
The berber of theater of Kabyle expression (of Mohia) in the ethno dramatic progress of the rites, syncretism and social revolts
No full textLa problématique centrale de ma thèse consiste en l’étude anthropologique du théâtre berbère d’expression kabyle à travers les « adaptations » de Mohia. Elle consacre les conditions explicites qui ont permis l’émergence de l’œuvre de l’auteur et ce qui la caractérise : interculturalité, oralité, contemporanéité. Soulignant le fait émancipateur et réformateur du théâtre de Mohia à l’égard des genres traditionnels, notre démarche évolue vers une analyse des faits anthropologique, sociologique et ethnographique du spectacle-rituel. Elle propose une méthode scientifique interdisciplinaire des phénomènes syncrétiques. Dans un premier temps, elle étudie le rituel kabyle dans ses formes syncrétiques, et restitue les fragments originels qui motivent la dimension « laïque » du spectacle théâtral moderne. Dans un deuxième temps, elle reconstitue par le fait des révoltes des populations autochtones, seul fait visible de l’histoire sociale kabyle (souvent en opposition entre les écrits des chefs militaires étrangers et la mémoire collective), des scènes ethno-dramatiques. Le principe est de pouvoir regarder dans l’ethno-scène une logique dans l’évolution de l’histoire sociale kabyle. Les caractéristiques qui découlent de l’ethnoscène renoue avec l’œuvre de Mohia, analyse son rapport à la sociologie kabyle, à son ancrage culturel, à sa présence dans l’assemblée théâtrale kabyle et son apport dans la réforme de la« convenance kabyle » à travers les acteurs dits « passeurs de parole ».Tout le processus de cette recherche est subordonné à des discussions, avec des anthropologues de terrain, auxquelles ma contribution concourt d’une participation effective à la vie sociale, militante et artistique du monde kabyle.The central problems of my thesis consist of the anthropological study of the Berber theatre of Kabylian expression through the “adaptations” of Mohia. It devotes the explicit conditions which allowed the emergence of the work of the author and what characterizes it : interculturality, orality, contemporaneity. Underlining the emancipatory and reforming fact theatre of Mohia with regard to the traditional kinds, our approach evolves to an analysis of the facts anthropological, sociological and ethnographic of theritual one. She proposes an interdisciplinary scientific method of the syncretic phenomena. Initially, she studies the Kabylian ritual in her syncretic forms, and restores the original fragments which justify the “laic” dimension of the modern theatrical show. In the second time, it reconstitutes by the fact of the revolts of the populations autochtones, only visible fact of the Kabylian social history (often in opposition between the writings of the foreign military chiefs and the collective memory), of the ethno-dramatic scenes. The principle is to be able to look in the ethno-scene a logic in the evolution of the Kabylian social history. The characteristics which rise from the ethno scene joins again with the work of Mohia, analyzes his report with Kabylian sociology, its cultural anchoring, its presence in the Kabylian theatrical assembly and her contribution in the reform of “Kabylian suitability” through the actors known as “frontier runners of word”. All the process of this research is subordinated to discussions, with anthropologists of ground, to which my contribution contributes of one effective participation to the social life, militant and artistic of the Kabylian world
Street butterflies : school and socio-professional trajectories of a group of young people without qualifications : a case study in Strasbourg
No full textCette thèse de doctorat porte sur le parcours socio-institutionnel d’un groupe de jeunes peu ou sans qualification bénéficiant d’une mesure politique d’aide à l’insertion professionnelle. Le but de cette recherche a été d’étudier comment ce public, marqué par des formes de disqualifications plurielles, est pris en charge par les dispositifs qui leur sont consacrés. Notons, de prime à bord, que les personnes ayant recours à l’assistance publique ont longtemps été jugées à tort comme une strate homogène alors qu’il existe plusieurs types de rapports aux services d’action sociale qui varient en fonction des individus, de leurs vécus voire de la phase qu’ils traversent au moment où ils sollicitent de l’aide. Dans la continuité de cette assertion, suivant le modèle du diagnostic médical, j’ai entrepris un travail d’anamnèse permettant de comprendre, plus ou moins, l’histoire étiologique de ceux et celles qui se retrouvent, a posteriori, dans le rôle institutionnalisé de stagiaire pathologique. De ce point de vue, je me suis intéressée aux différents cadres d’expériences des jeunes que sont : la famille, l’école et le milieu associatif ainsi que leurs impacts dans leurs trajectoires socioprofessionnelles. Autrement dit, l’objectif a été de voir comment, à partir de ses supports sociaux (nature, intensité, qualité des ressources), cette jeunesse trouve ou non les ressorts et dynamiques lui permettant de tracer sa voie. C’est dans ce contexte que j’ai intégré deux associations oeuvrant dans le processus d’insertion de jeunes ayant des difficultés à accéder au monde de l’emploi. Abordés comme étant des espaces communicationnels, la mission locale et en particulier l’Atelier ont été les lieux d’observations ethnographiques au sein desquels, j’ai tenté de faire ressortir les jeux d’acteurs, de pouvoir, les objectifs et les interactions multiples qui traversent ces territoires. Un intérêt spécifique a, ainsi, été porté sur les vécus, les représentations, les échanges conflictuels ou/et coopératifs entre les travailleurs sociaux et les bénéficiaires. Jogging, basket, casquette à l’envers ou langage de cité, cette enquête de terrain m’a,également, permis d’étudier l’esthétique, les postures et les expressions corporelles des jeunes en allant en quête du sens qu’elles prennent en tant qu’action individuelle et/ou collective notamment au sein des associations. Dans un horizon plus large, j’ai essayé de voir comment et dans quelle mesure les agents/acteurs de l’action sociale prennent en compte les spécificités de ce public et arrivent à créer des points d’équilibre entre la demande des bénéficiaires et la commande institutionnelle, entre les impératifs en tant que médiat et les contraintes structurelles axées sur l’immédiat.This doctoral thesis deals with the socio-institutional trajectories of a group of youth with low-level qualifications or no qualifications at all, who benefit from a reinsertion policy measure designed to help them find job. The purpose of this research is to study how this target-group of youth – characterized by multiple forms of disqualifications – is getting the proposed support. First and foremost, it should be noted that those who have resorted to public assistance have been long wrongly considered a homogeneous social stratum, whereas indeed, there are several ways to deliver social support, depending on individuals, their different life experiences or even the specific phases they are go through by the time they ask for help. In line with this assertion, following the model of medical diagnosis, I undertook an“anamnesis” towards understanding, more or less, the etiological history of those male and female as well, finding themselves “ à posteriori” playing the institutionalized part of“pathological” trainees. From that point of view, I had to study different spaces that are namely : the family, the school and the institutional environment as well as their impacts on the socio-professional trajectories of the individuals concerned. In other words, the objective was to check to what extent, based on social supports received (nature, intensity, quality of resources ...), that youth may find the springs and dynamics allowing them to trace their own path.It is in this context that I integrated two associations active in social work towards facilitating the process of inserting young people having difficulties to enter the world of employment. Considered as communicational spaces, the “Mission Locale” and particularly “l’Atelier” were my privileged places of ethnographic observation, where I strived to single out the games of actors, power games, objectives and the multiple interactions entwined in these territories. A specific interest was put on personal experiences, perceptions, conflictual and /or cooperative interactions between social workers and beneficiaries. Jogging, basket (shoes), cap position (back / front) or street language, this field survey also allowed me to study the esthetics, postures and body expressions of young people by looking at the significance they take as individuals and / or collective action, particularly within social associations. In a broader prospect, I have tried to see how and to what extent the agents / actors of the social institutions take into account the specificities of this public and manage to create points of balance between the request of the beneficiaries and the institutional command, between imperatives as mediate and immediate structural constraints
Ivorian Diaspora in Ile de France and identitary construction in migration
No full textCette recherche doctorale constitue un essai de systématisation de l'analyse de la communauté ivoirienne en Hexagone afin de comprendre d’une part, les logiques agissantes dans la structuration de celle-ci à travers le fait associatif et d’autre part, rendre intelligible le processus de diasporisation auquel elle est confrontée. Pour le dire autrement, il s’agit d’interroger la dynamique diasporique au prisme du mouvement associatif ivoirien en Île-de-France afin de déceler les logiques sur lesquelles repose la fragmentation de ce champ associatif. Les analyses ont été menées sur la base d’une combinaison des approches quantitatives et qualitatives. De cette démarche, il ressort que la fragmentation du champ associatif et l’émergence d’un inconscient diasporique dans la communauté ivoirienne en Île-de-France relève d’un même processus de construction identitaire dont l’enjeu repose sur une quête d’une visibilité aussi bien dans le milieu d’installation que dans celui d’origine.This PhD research is an essay about systemization of the analysis of the Ivorian community in France, in order to understand, first the active logic inside structure within associative actions, and second, to make intelligible the diaspora process which the community faces.This means to question the diaspora dynamism at the heart of the Ivorian associative movement in Paris area in order to detect the logic upon which the breaking up of such an associative field lies. Studies have been led on a principle, which is the combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. According to the research, the fragmentation of the associative field and the emergence of diaspora unawareness among the Ivorian community in the Paris area belong the same process, which is the establishment of an identity whose stakes lie upon a quest of visibility at the same time, at the center of the settings and at the source
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
« The Wild Side : playing on the border of sexuality »
No full textLa thèse qualitative présentée questionne la diversité du plaisir sexuel. Une population de dix artistes aux goûts, pratiques et orientations sexuelles variées a été mobilisée. Sur la base des données récoltées entre 2013 et 2019 en France et notamment en Alsace et à Paris, trois grandes thématiques ont été développées. Les portraits détaillés des informateurs sont présentés en premier lieu, agrémentés d’une réflexion sur la difficulté de catégoriser cette population avec les typologies existantes. Suite à quoi il importait de donner une cohérence à cette population en mettant le focus sur ce qui fait sexualité selon ses membres. En l’occurrence la sexualité est conçue comme un jeu, une aventure, autrement dit une expérience émotionnelle trépidante car aléatoire, parfois risquée. Nous nous intéresserons aux stratégies développées par les individus afin de maintenir cette activité ludique, liminoïde, dans le temps. Nous penserons également l’impact de ce désir de liminoïde, devenu norme, sur les relations communautaires (distinction et rejet). Enfin, sera abordée la problématique de la construction d’une interaction répondant aux principes éthiques et érotiques de la population. Nous verrons comment celle-ci négocie l’interaction entre nécessité d’une interaction safe et satisfaisante pour chaque partenaire et désir d’aventure.This qualitative research is focuses on a reflection about the diversity sexual pleasure. In order to study the question, ten artists with various sexual tastes, practices and orientation have been involved. Three major themes have been elaborated on the basis of the data collected between 2013 and 2019 in France and especially in Alsace and Paris. Firstly, descriptive portraits of informants are presented, including a reflection on the challenge of categorizing this population with existing typologies. Subsequently, it was important to give consistency to this panel, with a focus on their approaches of sexuality. To them, sexuality is a game, an adventure, in other words a hectic emotional experience, sometimes hazardous. We will examine the strategies developed in order to maintain this playful, liminoid activity over time. We will also consider the impact of this liminoid desire, which has become their norm, on community relations (distinction and rejection). Finally, the problem of performing an interaction that meets the ethical and erotic principles of the population will be discussed. We will see how informants negotiate the interaction between the necessity of a safe and satisfying interaction for each partner and their desire for adventure
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
