1,720,956 research outputs found
The civil law form of musharakah as an instrument for direct participation of the Islamic bank in capital: A retrospective analysis and modernity
No full textConventional banks, which operate under the conditions of interest capitalism, no longer dominate
the financial sector. In the 21st century, Islamic banks, which provide services on an interest-
free basis, have become their main competitors. In recent years, Islamic banking has grown
rapidly even though 30–40 years ago it was only a regional phenomenon that could be found in
countries with a predominantly Muslim population. The dispersal of capital by scaling a separate
interest-free banking segment is now on the agenda of the Islamic world. It is stimulating
the growing social demand for a fair distribution of resources within the community, as well as
sustaining, at the same time, resilient economic development. However, the activity of Islamic
banks remains a poorly studied and understood phenomenon within the circles of Russian legal
science. In this article, the authors reveal the legal nature of the participation transaction involving
shirkat al’-inan, while attempting to clarify the notion of using musharakah as a form of civil
law, derived from shirkat al’-inan, within the Islamic banking system
Purchase and sale and prohibition of uncertainty (gharar) in the Islamic tradition
No full textThe article deals with the requirements of Islamic law to the classical contract of sale. The authors
conclude that the prescriptions regarding the conclusion of a contract of sale, the object
of sale and price formation are largely explained by the attraction of Islam to fairness in trade.
Analyzing the object of sale, the authors refer to the concept of property al-mal and its forms —
al-‘ayn property and al-dayn property. They insist that al-dayn is not an analogue of “obligation”,
“debt” or “right of claim” in the civilian or common law’s traditions, but a unique concept
of Islamic law, literally meaning “property-in-the-future”. Considering limitations to sale of aldayn
property, this article presents the approaches of madhhabs regarding the admissibility
of and conditions for the sale and purchase of bay’ al-dayn. The basic tool of Islamic law on its
way to a sustainable trade turnover is the prohibition of transactions involving excessive uncertainty
gharar. The authors reveal the meaning of this concept, which has been widely discussed
among Muslim scholars, and distinguish the notion of gharar from the notions of risk and gambling
maysīr. Application of gharar prohibition to the contract of sale has its own characteristics
and gharar becomes key point in deciding whether it is admissible to sell a non-existent thing —
bai‘ al-ma‘dum and sell a thing that is not available for physical inspection at the time of the
transaction — bai‘ al-ghayb. In this context, the authors pay attention to the distance sale of
goods by preliminary inspection, by sample and by description. Islamic law offers an effective
mechanism for removing the uncertainty gharar from the contract of sale, giving the buyer the
right of khiyar al-ru’yah, which is the right to unilaterally withdraw from the contract at the moment
of physical inspection of the goods
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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