1,720,959 research outputs found
Inferential Logic: A Machine Learning Inspired Paradigm for Combinational Circuits
Full text linkMachine learning (ML) theories and tools suggest alternative forms to conceive and represent relationships among data. The same theories find their application in the Boolean domain, where logic functions can be described as inference rules. This paper introduces Inferential Logic, a novel paradigm that leverages the ML concept of statistical inference for the design of combinational logic circuits, the Inferential Logic Circuits (ILCs). This new design concept is conceived for low-power circuits that run quasi-exact computation in error-resilient applications, but it also provides an exact run-mode that can be dynamically enabled when accuracy scaling is not an option
Logic Synthesis of Pass-Gate Logic Circuits with Emerging Ambipolar Technologies
Full text linkEmerging devices and new ultrascaled silicon transistors have shown disruptive electrical and functional properties that might bring digital hardware to the next level. The key issue today concerns their integration. Even though the classical complementary logic style is the most intuitive option, other strategies such as pass-transistors that were discarded in the past because they did not fit silicon MOSFETs logic should be reconsidered. Obviously, the assessment of such alternatives requires customized CAD tools and optimization engines. The objective of this paper is to introduce a synthesis and optimization flow for pass-gate logic circuits mapped onto emerging ambipolar technologies. As main contributions we propose: 1) a novel EXNOR-based decomposition technique that fully exploits do not care conditions to generate compact logic function representations and 2) a dedicated one-pass synthesis flow where optimization and technology mapping are concurrently run on a common data structure, the reduced ordered pass-diagram. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed flow outperforms existing synthesis tools by achieving more compact circuit representations with 8.5 × less devices and about 8 × shallower structures (on average), while still yielding lower CPU times
CD72, CD44 and MIB1 expression as indicators of recurrence free survival in Follicular Lymphoma
No full textIntroduction. Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the second most common type of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Western countries. It
is characterized by a wide heterogeneity in onset, histopathology and disease course. According to the ESMO guidelines, treatment
decisions range from watch-and-wait to immunochemotherapy (ICHT). The heterogeneity of FL is highlighted by the difficulty of
identifying clinical and biological parameters that can predict clinical outcome and treatment efficacy. The diagnosis of FL is based
on the characteristic cytomorphology, immunophenotype (CD10, Bcl2, Bcl6) and detection of t(14;18). Although flow cytometric
immunophenotyping is rather rarely used for the characterization of lymphomas, in a previous study we had shown that Artificial
Intelligence models, applied to cytometric data analysis, allow to obtain a classification of different types of lymphoma. In this study, we
evaluated in a homogeneous group of lymphoma patients whether one or more immunophenotypic markers may correlate with clinical
behavior.
Methods. We selected 53 FLs treated with ICHT (R-CHOP or R-Bendamustin) and for whom a follow-up of more than 24 months was
available. All cases were extensively characterized for immunophenotype by multiparametric flow cytometry.
Results. The relapse free survival analysis shows that, in addition to the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI), which
was found to be significantly correlated with time to post-therapy relapse, the markers correlating with relapse were MIB1>16% (p<0.03),
CD44>76% (p67% (p<0.008) (Wilcoxon test). Among these 3 markers, the most powerful in predicting recurrence after
therapy was CD72, which also positively correlates with FLIPI in multivariate analysis (p<0.05).
Discussion. This study suggests that in FL some phenotypic markers correlate with clinical course, particularly with the likelihood of posttherapy recurrence. An increased proliferative index (MIB1), which is associated with a higher histological grade, may also correlate with
an increased tendency for recurrence. CD44, a cell surface adhesion receptor, is widely expressed on normal and tumor cells, and its
interaction with the extracellular matrix promotes the migration and invasion processes involved in metastases. The role of CD72 seems
to be more intriguing. CD72 is considered a positive regulator of B lymphocyte functions in patients with autoimmune diseases. Therefore,
this molecule, when expressed at high levels in FL, could allow for increased proliferative activity or confer an advantage in terms of
resistance to ICHT agents
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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