1,720,968 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
With Cane In Hand: Going Deeper Into A Bioarchaeology of Innovative Disability
Full text linkImpairment and disability are understudied and under-explored dimensions in bioarchaeological reconstruction of past lives. As methodology improves and bioarchaeologists continue to embrace new branches of social theory, in tandem with greater embrasure and application of evolutionary theory, the characteristic difficulties of studying the lives of impaired and disabled people in the past are not the barriers they once were. New approaches to the problematic paucity of information available at the surface level of archaeological remains have begun to allow deeper molecular and proteomic investigation of formerly invisible processes. Because of this opening of new avenues, traditional resistance to expanding research into disability in the past is no longer a tenable stance. Furthermore, as bioarchaeology engages with extended theories of evolution in human history and deep time, it is pertinent to address the great antiquity of impairment and disability survivorship as participant of the evolutionary history of the human lineage, rather than a static byproduct or an artifact of modernity. In accordance with an inclusive view of disabled lives as integrated in the processes and systems of human evolution, it is here proposed that disability itself represents a signature feature of the evolved plasticity characteristic of human beings at the embodied, communal, and cultural levels
Merchant Elites: Habitual Activity Through Cross-Sectional Geometry at the Postclassic Maya Site of Santa Rita Corozal
Full text linkCross-sectional geometry allows bioarchaeologists to understand the activity patterns of archaeological populations. In this study cross-sectional geometry is used to understand the habitual activity at Santa Rita Corozal during the Postclassic period. Results show that males at the site maintained long-distance networks of exchange, albeit to different degrees. Females at the site continued to serve domestic roles that correspond with previous archaeological and ethnohistorical research at Maya sites. Furthermore, compared to the Classic period, labor investment by elites at this site increased reflecting recent archaeological research demonstrating a changing political economy during the Postclassic period
Maize, Mobility, and Migration: Variation in Long Bone Functional Adaptation in the Pre- and Proto-Historic American Southwest
Full text linkThis study evaluates changes in behavior that occurred within indigenous populations from the American Southwest during agricultural intensification and European colonization. Long bone diaphyses from Pueblo Bonito (A.D. 800-1200) a pre-contact Pueblo II site, and Hawikku (A.D. 1400-1680), a protohistoric Pueblo IV site were included in this work. Computed tomographic images and MomentMacro software were used to measure areas and second moments of area for adult humeri, radii, femora, and tibiae. All measurements were standardized for body size using body mass and powers of bone length. Standardized areas and second moments of area were compared between males and females from Pueblo Bonito and Hawikku using MANOVA with a Games-Howell post-hoc test. Significant differences were found in female humeral TA (p ≤ 0.000), CA (p ≤ 0.001), Ix (p ≤ 0.002), Iy (p ≤ 0.000), and J (p ≤ 0.000). Few differences were found in male humeral properties (MA) (p ≤ 0.001), female femoral properties (TA) (p ≤ 0.002), and female tibial properties (Ix/Iy) (p ≤ 0.000). These results suggest little change in mobility in accordance with the agricultural transition and European colonialism in this region. However, results do suggest changes in female upper limb activity towards more intensive patterns of labor in a colonial setting, contributing to the growing narrative of the important role of female labor in prehistoric societies as well as how females might have been affected directly and indirectly by colonialism
Stress Chronologies and Periodicities in a Mass Burial, Charterhouse Warren Farm Shaft, United Kingdom: Microstructural Reconstruction of Environmental Interactions at the Precipice of Violent Death
Full text linkThis study examines the chronology and periodicity of stress of the Charterhouse Warren Farm Shaft (CWFS) individuals, dated to the Early Bronze Age (EBA, ca. 2200- 2000 cal BC), Mendip Somerset, England. Previous studies suggested that these individuals were victims of violent deaths, defleshing, and conceivably cannibalism before internment within a deep natural fissure instead of the normative practice of burial under an EBA round barrow. Histological methods were used to identify the presence and estimate the chronology of accentuated lines (AL) in 10 permanent first, second, and third molars and canines sampled from five individuals (n = 5). Accentuated lines were identified as large, dark striae of Retzius that were visible over 75 percent of the dental plane between the dentin-enamel-junction and tooth surface. Chronology and periodicity of the accentuated line was estimated based along enamel prism distance from the neonatal line and other known chronologies. Defect timing ranged between 53-3,292 days (0.1-9.0 years). Chronologies expressed an interquartile range of 245-1,339 days (0.7-3.7 years) and a median of 999 days (2.7 years). Periodicity resulted in an interquartile range of 52-145 days (1.7-4.8 months) and an average of 100 days (3.3 months). AL were present in infancy, prior to weaning off breastmilk, and into the juvenile period, therefore metabolic stress was experienced throughout development. The introduction of complementary foods correlated to metabolic stress in a single individual, which indicates complementary foods failed to buffer from environmental stressors. Cyclical trends in AL depicted possible environmental impacts of seasonal shortages. Systemic seasonal impacts possibly impacted resource procurement and provide context to the subsequent violent deaths of the CWFS individuals
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