103,870 research outputs found
Foreshocks or swarms? Insights from theory and statistical analysis
No full textAre foreshocks “fore-shocks” or simply markers of local instability without any prognostic value about future large-scale mainshocks? We try to answer this question using both theoretical modelling and statistical analysis of clusters listed in relocated high quality seismic catalogues. Concerning theory, we show that the combined effect of long-range correlations and fault memory make the system sensitive to both details and history. It results in different future evolutions because of tiny changes in internal parameters or in past occurrences. For this reason, even an identical sequence of events can flow into drastically different future because of a tiny variation in the physical conditions. On the other hand, two completely different seismic patterns can give rise to seismic events with similar features, e.g., the 2009 Mw 6.3 L'Aquila and the 2016 Mw 6.0 Amatrice event, which occurred in the same normal-faulting region in Central Apennines in Italy, were preceded by five months of foreshocks (Papadopoulos et al., 2010) and seismic quiescence (Gentili et al., 2017) respectively. To provide observational evidence for answering our question, we investigate the relationships between several parameters of seismic clusters until the mainshocks in relocated seismic catalogues in California and Italy as a function of their mainshock magnitude (e.g., the involved area, duration, seismic rate, number of events, cumulative nucleated seismic moment, Shannon and Tsallis entropy, inter-event times distribution, global coefficient of variation of interevent times, trend, and fluctuations of magnitudes and interevent times). We find differences in the distributions of some features (e.g., Zaccagnino et al., 2023), although large variability is observed, while others cannot be distinguished. Foreshocks and swarms share the same scaling behaviour and are likely generated by the same physical mechanism; however, statistical analyses highlight that foreshocks spread over larger areas, are featured by larger and more energetic clusters with also higher variance of magnitudes and relative Tsallis and Shannon entropies. We suggest possible explanations for them. On the base of our results, we believe that precursory patterns of accelerated seismic activity can be hardly distinguished by more frequent swarms using the structural and statistical properties of clusters (Zaccagnino et al., 2024). In this sense, foreshocks are likely of limited usefulness for short-term earthquake prediction. Conversely, seismic hazard may benefit of the identification of regions featured by strongly correlated seismic activity, which is likely to be a mark of crustal developing instability.
References:
Gentili, S., Di Giovambattista, R., & Peresan, A. (2017). Seismic quiescence preceding the 2016 central
Italy earthquakes. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 272, 27-33.
Papadopoulos, G. A., Charalampakis, M., Fokaefs, A., & Minadakis, G. (2010). Strong foreshock signal
preceding the L'Aquila (Italy) earthquake (M w 6.3) of 6 April 2009. Natural Hazards and Earth System
Sciences, 10(1), 19-24.
Zaccagnino, D., Telesca, L., & Doglioni, C. (2023). Global versus local clustering of seismicity:
Implications with earthquake prediction. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 170, 113419.
Zaccagnino, D., Vallianatos, F., Michas, G., Telesca, L., & Doglioni, C. (2024). Are Foreshocks Fore‐
Shocks?. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 129(2), e2023JB027337
Inquadramento giuridico dei profili di responsabilità in tema di veicoli a guida autonoma
No full textLa mobilità, nell’ultimo secolo, nel settore del trasporto su strada, è stata interessata da numerosi ed importanti progressi. L’Autore esamina le peculiarità della responsabilità, civile e penale, per i veicoli a guida autonoma. Il tema viene affrontato a livello europeo da vari strumenti quali la direttiva sulla responsabilità per danno da prodotti difettosi (dir. 85/374/Cee del Consiglio) nonchè dai diversi regimi di responsabilità individuati nei singoli Stati membri (ad es. diritto civile, diritto penale, legislazione in materia di circolazione stradale). La causa effettiva del danno e dell’incidente è decisiva per l’attribuzione della responsabilità ed è particolarmente importante individuare, attraverso l’ausilio di registratori di dati chi, effettivamente, conduce il veicolo: il sistema automatizzato o il conducente.Over the last century, road transport mobility has made numerous significant progress. The Author reviews the peculiarity of civil and criminal liability for driverless cars. The issue is addressed by various European instruments such as Council Directive of 25 July 1985 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning liability for defective products 85/374/EEC, as well as by various laws governing liability in individual Member States (e.g. civil law, criminal law, legislation on road traffic). The actual cause of damages and of the accident is decisive for the allocation of liability and it is particularly important to identify, with the aid of data recorders, who actually was driving the vehicle: automated system or the driver
On the relationship between foreshocks and mainshock
No full textForeshocks are clustered seismic events occurring before large earthquakes. They are usually identified a posteriori on the base of significant increases of the seismic rate not compatible with the previous background and static stress transfer simulations. However, seismicity is spontaneously clustered in space and time regardless of the happening of major events; most of earthquake clusters are indeed “swarms”, i.e., they do not flow into major shocks. The discrimination between foreshocks and swarms is therefore an outstanding issue in statistical seismology. We investigate relocated seismic activity in California and Italy during the last three decades to understand whether foreshocks are statistically prevalent before large shocks with respect to smaller ones and to provide a theoretical explanation of our results [1]. We find that clusters happen before small, moderate, and large magnitude earthquakes, even though they seem to spread over larger areas, they are featured by more numerous and energetic clusters with also larger magnitude fluctuations and higher entropy (Fig. 1). We also show that foreshocks and swarms share the same scaling behaviors, so that we believe there are no compelling reasons for proposing different physical mechanisms. Moreover, foreshocks and swarms are not distinguishable on the base of duration, seismic rates, and moment rates; no clear magnitude trends are observed. The comparison of empirical cumulative distributions of various features of clusters of swarms and foreshocks is performed using the Smirnov test to assess whether they can be considered different or not.
References
[1] Zaccagnino, D., Vallianatos, F., Michas, G., Telesca, L., & Doglioni, C. (2024). Are Foreshocks Fore‐Shocks?. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 129(2), e2023JB027337
Il ‘daspo’: una misura costituzionalmente problematica. Osservazioni sul «divieto di accesso agli esercizi pubblici e ai locali di pubblico trattenimento» [(art. 11 co. 1 lett. b)d.l. n. 130/2020)].
No full textNell’ottica di rafforzamento del ‘sistema’ della sicurezza pubblica il legislatore ha emanato l’ennesimo decreto-legge (n. 130/2021) , conosciuto come “decreto immigrazione”, che interviene nei settori dell’immigrazione e della sicurezza delle persone; nell’ambito delle politiche securitarie vanno inserite le innovazioni concernenti il divieto di accesso agli esercizi pubblici e ai locali di pubblico trattenimento (c.d. ‘Daspo urbano’) che ha visto, in modo continuo, accrescere le possibilità applicative, non solo all’interno settore della violenza sportiva, ma anche in ambiti diversi e, soprattutto, attraverso la previsione di presupposti sempre più slegati dalla commissione di ‘fatti’ di reato. Il contributo mette in luce i rischi di applicazione ‘preventiva’ della misura ancorata a forme di colpa d’autore; inoltre, le varie applicazione del Daspo urbano dovevano spingere, viceversa, il legislatore a prevedere specifici presupposti utili a fondare il divieto. Le passate esperienze hanno portato alla luce risultati disparati: dalla duplicazione di divieti già esistenti (come per le ordinanze che imponevano di non sfruttare la prostituzione o cedere stupefacenti) alla introduzione di divieti non imposti dalla legge, ma pertinenti a comportamenti ritenuti ‘rischiosi’
The effect of the inclusive culture on workers’ well-being: The mediating role of the organizational identification on worker’s objectification
No full textInclusiveness nowadays is one of the main goals of many organizations. Literature showed its link with positive individuals’ workplace experiences. In the same vein, the social identity approach has been fruitfully applied to explain organizational dynamics. In the present paper, we try to connect these two strands of research by considering the perception of inclusive culture within the organization as a potential antecedent of organizational identification and, as a consequence, of reducing the negative experience of the workplace and increasing the workers’ well-being. In a cross-sectional study, 296 workers from different sectors reported their perceptions of organizational inclusive culture, organizational identification, perceived objectification, job satisfaction, and burnout. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a serial mediational analysis where inclusive culture was modeled as the antecedent, organizational identification and objectification as two sequential mediators, and well-being (in terms of job satisfaction and burnout) as the outcome. In line with our rationale, perceived inclusive culture impacted positively on workers’ well-being via organizational identification, which as a consequence reduced the negative effect of perceived objectification. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to examine the possible role of perceived inclusiveness as an antecedent of organizational identification and the subsequent spillover of this latter factor on employees’ well-being. This shows the potentially positive effect that inclusive culture and organizational identification might have on employees’ workplace experiences
Lipegfilgrastim in the management of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia of cancer patients
No full textRoberto Guariglia,1 Maria Carmen Martorelli,1 Rosa Lerose,2 Donatella Telesca,2 Maria Rita Milella,2 Pellegrino Musto3 1Unit of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, 2Pharmacy Service, 3Scientific Direction, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Potenza, Italy Abstract: Neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (FN) are frequent and potentially fatal toxicities of myelosuppressive anticancer treatments. The introduction of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) in clinical practice has remarkably reduced the duration and severity of neutropenia, as well as the incidence of FN, thus allowing the administration of chemotherapeutic agents at the optimal dose and time with lower risk. The current scenario of G-CSFs in Europe includes filgrastim, lenograstim, some G-CSF biosimilars, and pegfilgrastim. Recently, a novel long-acting G-CSF, lipegfilgrastim, became available. Lipegfilgrastim is a glycopegylated G-CSF, alternative to pegfilgrastim, and has shown in randomized trials, to be equivalent to pegfilgrastim in reducing the incidence of severe neutropenia and FN in patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy, with a similar safety profile. Furthermore, lipegfilgrastim was more effective than the placebo in reducing the incidence of severe neutropenia, its duration, and time to absolute neutrophil count recovery, in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving myelosuppressive therapy. Although the number of studies currently published is still limited, lipegfilgrastim seems to be a promising drug in the management of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Keywords: neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, granulocyte colony-stimulating factors, G-CSF, pegfilgrastim, lipegfilgrasti
Reseñas
No full textMario Graña Taborelli, Ignacio Telesca, Ignacio Martínez, María Vicens, Nicolás Motura, Andrés G. Freijomil, Elian Rodolfo Uzain
The changing ideas about valuation mechanisms in the interwar period: Toeplitz, Marlio and the "Great transformation"
No full textImproved Determination of Taurine by High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Integrated Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-IPAD)
No full textThe advantages of the high selectivity of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) and the sensitive response of taurine at a gold electrode with integrated pulsed amperometric detection (IPAD) have been combined, in order to establish a new analytical method for its determination in real matrices. Potential-time settings of the potential waveform were optimized in order to get the highest amperometric response. The separation of taurine in milk samples was achieved using an alkaline eluent (100 mM NaOH) containing 1 mM Ba(OAc)(2) and a column temperature of 15degreesC. The inherent merits of using a barium-modified eluent, in terms of taurine separation and detection, are demonstrated. The enhancement in sensitivity under these experimental conditions makes it suitable for taurine determination in milk. Indeed, this method allows high recovery of taurine and satisfies the necessary requirements with respect to accuracy, repeatability and sensitivity with a detection limit of 50 nmol/L, which corresponds to 2.5 pmol. The taurine content in milk samples of some common mammals was evaluated, including human milk. In goat's milk, the taurine content ranged from 46 to 91 mg/L, whereas human and buffalo milk samples exhibited an average content of 18 mg/L and 23 mg/L, respectively
Determinazione della taurina in matrici alimentari mediante cromatografia a scambio anionico e rivelazione amperometrica pulsata (HPAEC-PAD)
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