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Αποτελεσματικότητα και ασφάλεια των στοχευμένων θεραπειών έναντι του υποδοχέα τύπου 2 του ανθρώπινου επιδερμικού αυξητικού παράγοντα (HER2) στον ανεγχείρητο ή μεταστατικό καρκίνο του στομάχου και της γαστροοισοφαγικής συμβολής: Μία συστηματική ανασκόπηση.
Get PDFΟ γαστρικός καρκίνος αποτελεί μία από τις συχνότερες και πιο θανατηφόρες κακοήθειες. Η πρόγνωση ασθενών με προχωρημένη/μεταστατική νόσο είναι φτωχή και η χημειοθεραπεία έχει περιορισμένη αποτελεσματικότητα στην παράταση της επιβίωσης. Πρόσφατα αναπτύχθηκαν στοχευμένες θεραπείες για τον γαστρικό καρκίνο με υπερέκφραση του HER2 αλλά η αποτελεσματικότητα και η ασφάλεια πολλών εξ αυτών παραμένει ασαφής. Πραγματοποιήσαμε μια συστηματική ανασκόπηση για να συνοψίσουμε κλινικά δεδομένα και να αξιολογήσουμε την αποτελεσματικότητα και ασφάλεια των HER2 στοχευμένων θεραπειών στον ανεγχείρητο/μεταστατικό καρκίνο του στομάχου και της γαστροοισοφαγικής συμβολής (ΓΚ/ΚΓΣ). Ερευνήσαμε τις βάσεις Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, CENTRAL, clinicaltrials.gov και περιλήψεις συνεδριών της ASCO και ESMO μέχρι την 30η Νοεμβρίου 2018 για προοπτικές μελέτες που πληρούσαν προκαθορισμένα κριτήρια. Επίσης, ερευνήσαμε τις βιβλιογραφικές αναφορές των μελετών που ανευρέθηκαν. Συνολικά, 42 μελέτες συμπεριλήφθηκαν (27 με trastuzumab, 5 με lapatinib, 2 με pertuzumab, 2 με margetuximab και από μία με trastuzumab-emtasine, afatinib, dacomitinib, MCLA-128, MM-111, AZD8931. Οι περισσότερες (n=28) ήταν δοκιμές φάσεως 2. Η πλειονότητα δεν ήταν τυχαιοποιημένες (n=30), 28 δεν είχαν ομάδα ελέγχου, τρείς ήταν διπλές-τυφλές και τέσσερεις χρησιμοποίησαν placebo. Είκοσι πέντε εξέτασαν την χορήγηση αντι-HER2 παραγόντων ως θεραπεία 1ης γραμμής ή μεγαλύτερης και δεκαεπτά ως 2ης ή μεγαλύτερης. Με εξαίρεση την μελέτη ToGA, οι μεγάλες κλινικές δοκιμές απέτυχαν στα πρωτεύοντα σημεία τους. Η χορήγηση trastuzumab με χημειοθεραπεία αποτελεί μέχρι σήμερα την μόνη αποδεδειγμένα αποτελεσματική αντι-HER2 θεραπεία σε ασθενείς με ανεγχείρητο/μεταστατικό ΓΚ/ΚΓΣ. Παρά την σημαντική έρευνα κανένας άλλος αντι-HER2 παράγοντας δεν αποδείχθηκε ότι παρατείνει την επιβίωση των ασθενών αυτών αν και υπάρχουν ελπιδοφόρα αποτελέσματα που χρήζουν περαιτέρω αξιολόγησης σε μεγαλύτερες μελέτες.Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies. The prognosis of patients with advanced/metastatic disease is poor as chemotherapy has only modest efficacy in prolonging survival. Recently, molecularly-targeted therapies for HER2-positive gastric cancer have become available, however the efficacy and safety of many of these still remain inconclusive. We systematically reviewed the literature to summarize clinical data and evaluate the efficacy and safety of HER2-targeted therapies for inoperable and/or metastatic gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GJC). We searched Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, CENTRAL, clinicaltrials.gov, ASCO and ESMO meetings’ abstracts up to November 30th 2018 to identify prospective studies fulfilling specific criteria. We also searched the reference lists of included studies. In all, 42 studies were included of which 27 utilized trastuzumab, 5 lapatinib, 2 pertuzumab, 2 margetuximab and one each, trastuzumab-emtasine, afatinib, dacomitinib, MCLA-128, MM-111, AZD8931. Most of the studies (n=28) were phase 2 trials. The majority of them were non-randomized (n=30), 28 were uncontrolled, 3 were double-blind, and only 4 were placebo- controlled. Twenty five used anti-HER2 agents as 1st line or beyond treatment and 17 as 2nd line or beyond. With the exception of the ToGA trial, all other major clinical trials failed to achieve their primary end points. Up to date, trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy constitutes the only evidenced-based effective HER2-targeted therapy for patients with unresectable/metastatic GC/GJC. Despite extensive research, no other anti-HER2 therapy was found to prolong survival in these patients. However, promising results exist for some agents and warrant further evaluation in larger studies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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