5,575 research outputs found
Open access self-archiving: An author study
No full textThis, our second author international, cross-disciplinary study on open access had 1296 respondents. Its focus was on self-archiving. Almost half (49%) of the respondent population have self-archived at least one article during the last three years. Use of institutional repositories for this purpose has doubled and usage has increased by almost 60% for subject-based repositories. Self-archiving activity is greatest amongst those who publish the largest number of papers. There is still a substantial proportion of authors unaware of the possibility of providing open access to their work by self-archiving. Of the authors who have not yet self-archived any articles, 71% remain unaware of the option. With 49% of the author population having self-archived in some way, this means that 36% of the total author population (71% of the remaining 51%), has not yet been appraised of this way of providing open access. Authors have frequently expressed reluctance to self-archive because of the perceived time required and possible technical difficulties in carrying out this activity, yet findings here show that only 20% of authors found some degree of difficulty with the first act of depositing an article in a repository, and that this dropped to 9% for subsequent deposits. Another author worry is about infringing agreed copyright agreements with publishers, yet only 10% of authors currently know of the SHERPA/RoMEO list of publisher permissions policies with respect to self-archiving, where clear guidance as to what a publisher permits is provided. Where it is not known if permission is required, however, authors are not seeking it and are self-archiving without it. Communicating their results to peers remains the primary reason for scholars publishing their work; in other words,
researchers publish to have an impact on their field. The vast majority of authors (81%) would willingly comply with a mandate from their employer or research funder to deposit copies of their articles in an institutional or subject-based repository. A further 13% would comply reluctantly; 5% would not comply with such a mandate
Progress of international hydrogen production network for the thermochemical Cu–Cl cycle
No full textThis paper presents recent advances by an international team which is developing the thermochemical copper–chlorine (Cu–Cl) cycle for hydrogen production. Development of the Cu–Cl cycle has been pursued by several countries within the framework of the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) for hydrogen production with the next generation of nuclear reactors. Due to its lower temperature requirements in comparison with other thermochemical cycles, the Cu–Cl cycle is particularly well matched with Canada's Generation IV reactor, SCWR (Super-Critical Water Reactor), as well as other heat sources such as solar energy or industrial waste heat. In this paper, recent developments of the Cu–Cl cycle are presented, specifically involving unit operation experiments, corrosion resistant materials and system integration.Atomic Energy of Canada LimitedOntario Research Excellence FundNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaUniversity Network of Excellence in Nuclear Engineering (UNENE)Canada Research Chairs progra
ŻYCIE UKRYTE W SŁOWIE. "BEKSIŃSCY. PORTRET PODWÓJNY" MAGDALENY GRZEBIAŁKOWSKIEJ W ŚWIETLE POSTSTRUKTURALIZMU
No full textLife Hidden in Words. Magdalena Grzebiałkowska\u27s "Beksińscy. Portret podwójny" and Poststructuralism
The article analyzes Magdalena Grzebiałkowska\u27s biographical "Beksińscy. Portret podwójny" which focuses on the lives of Zdzisław Beksiński and Tomasz Beksiński. The author looks at the construction of the biography and its relationship to poststructuralism, which allows for an appreciation of the literary features of the book. He points to how the specificity of the content, language, a mode of narration in Grzebiałkowska\u27s book make it a full-fledged literary work itself. As such the book departs from a typical biographical scheme. Juxtaposing the book with poststructural ideas leads to the reconsideration of the role of the author in the process of shaping of a biographical narrative
Systems, methods and devices for the capture and hydrogenation of carbon dioxide with thermochemical Cu—Cl and Mg—Cl—Na/K—CO2 cycles
No full textSystems, methods, and devices for producing hydrogen and capturing CO2 from emissions combine both H2 production and CO2 capture processes in forms of thermochemical cycles to produce useful products from captured CO2. The thermochemical cycles are copper-chlorine (Cu—Cl) and magnesium-chlorine-sodium/potassium cycles (Mg—Cl—Na/K—CO2). One system comprises a Cu—Cl cycle, a CO2 capture loop, and a hydrogenation cycle. Another system comprises an Mg—Cl—Na/K—CO2 cycle and a hydrogenation cycle. Devices for hydrogen production, CO2 capture, hydrogenation, and process and equipment integration include a two-stage fluidized/packed bed, hybrid two-stage spray-fluidized/packed bed reactor, a two-stage wet-mode absorber, a hybrid two-stage absorber, and a catalyst packed/fluidized bed reactor
Clean hydrogen production with the Cu–Cl cycle – Progress of international consortium, I: Experimental unit operations
No full textAdvancement of the thermochemical copper–chlorine (Cu–Cl) cycle for hydrogen production is reviewed and discussed in this paper. Individual unit operations and their linkage into an integrated cycle are being developed by a Canadian consortium, as part of the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) for hydrogen production with the next generation of nuclear reactors. This paper focuses on the consortium’s latest advances on the Cu–Cl cycle, particularly with respect to hydrogen production with Canada’s Generation IV reactor, called SCWR (Super-Critical Water Reactor). Other heat sources may also be utilized for the Cu–Cl cycle, such as solar energy or industrial waste heat. In this first of two companion papers, recent developments in Canada’s nuclear hydrogen program are reported, specifically unit operation experiments of the Cu–Cl cycle and system integration. The following second companion paper will present system modeling with Aspen Plus, corrosion resistant materials, thermochemistry, safety, and reliability aspects of the Cu–Cl cycle.Atomic Energy of Canada LimitedOntario Research Excellence FundNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaUniversity Network of Excellence in Nuclear Engineering (UNENE)Canada Research Chairs progra
Facile sonochemical synthesis of N,Cl-codoped TiO2: Synthesis effects, mechanism and photocatalytic performance
No full textIn this study, both nitrogen and chlorine were successfully doped into TiO2(N,Cl-codoped TiO2) via a sonochemical method using titanium(IV) butoxide and ammonium chloride as precursors. When N,Cl-codoped TiO2was tested on the decolorization of CI Reactive Black 5 (RB5), it was observed that the photocatalytic activity exhibited by the synthesized photocatalyst was greatly affected by the synthesis conditions. Increasing the sonication intensity or duration up to a certain point shifted the absorption onset toward a lower energy and improved the crystallinity of the synthesized photocatalyst. It was also observed that increasing the N,Cl:Ti molar ratio to 2 significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity of N,Cl-codoped TiO2, but higher molar ratios inhibited the decolorization of RB5. A relatively low calcination temperature of 200°C was sufficient to further improve the photocatalytic activity of N,Cl-codoped TiO2. The following recommended synthesis conditions successfully yielded 96.02% RB5 decolorization under visible light irradiation for 5h: sonication amplitude of 40%, sonication duration of 3.62h, N,Cl:Ti molar ratio of 2 and calcination temperature of 200°C. The decolorization rate constant of N,Cl-codoped TiO2(0.01min-1) was also significantly higher than that of commercially available P25 (0.0055min-1)
Studi Kandungan Mineral “Teh” Alga Coklat Sargassum Christaefolium
No full textAlga coklat memiliki senyawa bioaktif seperti alginat, alginat tersebut terakumulasi setelah bercampur dengan mineral dari laut, seperti Na, Cl, Fe, K, Mg, Si, P, Ca, Y, dan Br. alga coklat merupakan tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai bahan biosorpsi logam berat, karena dinding selnya berfungsi sebagai penukar ion, dapat juga digunakan sebagai indikator pencemaran (logam berat) Cadmium, Cu, dan Pb. Tidak menutup kemungkinan bahwa rumput laut coklat yang akan digunakan sebagai produk konsumsi memiliki kandungan senyawa berbahaya yang tidak baik bagi kesehatan. Alga coklat Sargassum sp. merupakan bioabsorpsi yang baik bagi logam berat. Dinding sel mereka berisi asam alginat dan polisakarida sulfat yang memiliki konsentrasi tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa itu semua merupakan fungsi dari polisakarida, yang tidak dimiliki oleh tumbuhan darat. Karena itu, memungkinkan alga tersebut dijadikan penyerap ion metalik dengan menggunakan semacam larutan garam melalui ion exchange. Selama ini Sargassum hanya dianggap sebagai sampah yang mengganggu nelayan. Melimpahnya alga coklat Sargassum menimbulkan masalah baru antara lain bau laut yang khas, penampakan yang kurang menarik, hingga pemanfaatannya yang kurang. Dari kelemahan tersebut alga coklat jenis Sargassum cristaefolium dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Cabiya. Sumenep, Madura untuk dijadikan teh. Oleh karena itu, penelitan ini dilakukan untuk memberikan informasi kandungan mineral apa saja yang masih terkandung pada “teh” alga coklat Sargassum cristaefolium. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Mei 2014. Penelitian bertempat di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Laboratorium Teknologi Hasil Perikanan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Brawijaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan jenis metode eksploratif deskriptif. Metode eksploratif deskriptif ini merupakan metode penelitian studi kasus (mempelajari) tanpa memakai hipotesis dan mendiskripsikannya sesuai keadaan sekarang. Metode ini dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan utama yaitu mengetahui kandungan mineral pada “teh” alga coklat Sargassum cristaefolium dan kandungan fikokoloid dari “teh” alga coklat tersebut. Alga coklat Sargassum cristaefolium ini akan diberi perlakuan “teh” (dengan cara rumput laut di cuci bersih dengan air mengalir dan direndam larutan kapur pH 11 selama 6 jam, lalu dikeringkan). Metode pengujian mineral yang dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan metode AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry), sedangkan metode pengujian fikokoloidnya menggunakan metode ektraksi untuk menentukan rendemen dari karaginan, agar, dan alginat. Hasil penelitian mengenai studi kandunganl mineral “teh” alga coklat (Sargassum cristaefolium) didapatkan fikokoloid sebagai pengikat ion pada daun dan batang alga coklat Sargassum cristaefolium didominasi oleh alginat (13,4 % dan 17,9 %) (OH : 3200-3600 cm-1, dan “teh” Sargassum cristaefolium memiliki kandungan mineral anion tertinggi pada daun yaitu mineral Cl (7,7 %), SO3 (12,16 x 10-3). I (4,8 %). Mineral kation yaitu Zn (6,9 x 10-5 %), mineral Na tertinggi pada batang sebesar 31 x 10-5, dan tidak terdeteksi mineral K, Ca, Mg . Logam berat tertinggi pada daun yaitu Cd (7,2 x 10-5 %), Pb (3,5 x 10-5 %), dan tidak terdeteksi Hg. Pada penelitian ini uji mineral hanya perwakilan dari kation, anion, dan logam berat. Disarankan adanya studi lanjutan tentang uji mineral yang lebih lengkap menggunakan uji gel strenght dan titrimetri kadar mineral pada “teh” Sargassum cristaefolium
Canada’s program on nuclear hydrogen production and the thermochemical Cu–Cl cycle
No full textThis paper presents an overview of the status of Canada’s program on nuclear hydrogen production and the thermochemical copper–chlorine (Cu–Cl) cycle. Enabling technologies for the Cu–Cl cycle are being developed by a Canadian consortium, as part of the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) for hydrogen production with the next generation of nuclear reactors. Particular emphasis in this paper is given to hydrogen production with Canada’s Super-Critical Water Reactor, SCWR. Recent advances towards an integrated lab-scale Cu–Cl cycle are discussed, including experimentation, modeling, simulation, advanced materials, thermochemistry, safety, reliability and economics. In addition, electrolysis during off-peak hours, and the processes of integrating hydrogen plants with Canada’s nuclear plants are presented.Atomic Energy of Canada LimitedOntario Research Excellence FundArgonne National Laboratory (International Nuclear Energy Research Initiative; U.S. Department of Energy)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)University Network of Excellence in Nuclear Engineering (UNENE)Canada Research Chairs (CRC
Pengendalian Kualitas Produksi Teh Mutu Ekspor di PTPN XII (PERSERO) Kebun Wonosari, Kecamatan Lawang, Kabupaten Lawang, Jawa Timur
No full textNilai strategis komoditas teh mendorong perusahaan untuk terus bersaing demi tercapainya tujuan perusahaan. Semakin canggihnya teknologi dan arus informasi seperti saat ini, memudahkan produsen untuk menghasilkan barang yang berkualitas dalam jumlah yang besar. Kualitas yang baik akan dihasilkan melalui proses yang baik dan sesuai dengan standar kualitas yang telah ditentukan berdasarkan kebutuhan pasar. Penelitian dilakukan di PTPN XII (PERSERO) Kebun Wonosari pada bulan Januari sampai Februari 2015. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tren produksi teh di PTPN XII (PERSERO) Kebun Wonosari dan menganalisis pengendalian kualitas teh mutu ekspor di PTPN XII (PERSERO) Kebun Wonosari. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah diduga tren produksi teh mutu ekspor di PTPN XII (PERSERO) Kebun Wonosari selalu menurun tiap tahunnya.dan diduga pelaksanaan pengendalian kualitas teh mutu ekspor tergolong berada di luar batas kendali. Metode analisis penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif, analisis tren dan analisis pengendalian kualitas dengan cara membuat check sheet, membuat histogram, membuat p-chart, dan membuatdiagram sebab akibat. Analisis pengendalian menggunakan data produksi dari bulan Februari 2013 hingga Februari 2015. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu : tren produksi teh kering selama 10 tahun terakhir cenderung menurun atau memiliki arah tren negatif. Penurunan produksi teh secara signifikan terjadi pada tahun 2006, dimana pada tahun 2005 produksi mencapai 1165000 kg kemudian turun hingga 714000 kg pada tahun 2006. Ada dua macam faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas teh, diantara aspek dari kebun dan aspek pengolahan. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas teh dari aspek kebun meliputi ketinggian kebun, sistem pemetikan, rotasi pemetikan, sistem pemangkasan dan perawatan. Sedangkan pada pengolahan faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas teh adalah pelayuan, penggilingan, oksidasi enzimatis, dan pengeringan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis pengendalian kualitas teh mutu eskpor di PTPN XII (PERSERO) Kebun Wonosari didapatkan nilai Upper Control Limit (UCL) / Batas kendali atas sebesar 0,01, Central Line (CL) / Garis pusat sebesar 0,009, dan Lower Control Limit (LCL) / Batas kendali bawah sebesar 0,008. Dari ketiga nilai tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa proporsi kerusakan teh mutu ekspor di PTPN XII (PERSERO) Kebun Wonosari selama 25 bulan berada di luar batas kendali
K-shell Photoionization of Atomic Cl
No full textRecent measurements of the photoionization of atomic Cl in the vicinity of the 1s thresholds have motivated the present R-matrix calculation which takes into account relativistic effects via the Breit-Pauli operator. The computer code CIV3 of Hibbert and Glass and Hibbert, which also includes relativistic effects, is used to obtain the discrete wavefunctions. These are constructed with orbitals generated from a carefully-chosen large scale configuration interaction expansion. The open-shell nature of the Cl atom translates into the existence of actually four 1s thresholds, 3Po 0,1,2 and 1P 1. The results are analyzed with particular focus on the resonances leading up to the four thresholds, and the various effects that dominate the cross sections in this energy range are unraveled
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