1,721,022 research outputs found
Suffix Sequences Based Morphological Segmentation for Afaan Oromo
No full textThis paper reports on a morphological segmentation model for Afaan Oromo based on suffix sequences approach. Understanding and identifying the suffix sequences of a language allow us to detect morpheme boundaries of many words of Afaan Oromo. Morphological segmentation models can be used in many Natural Language Processing applications such as machine translation, speech recognition, information retrieval and part-of-speech tagging. A divisive hierarchical clustering and frequency distribution were used to build a tree of candidate stems from which segmented suffix sequences can be modeled. The proposed morphological segmentation model was evaluated with test word-lists. The accuracy obtained by our morphological segmentation model is encouraging
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Substance use among university students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFBackground: Problems arising from psychoactive substance use are among the major health and social challenges facing humanity across the globe. Young people in higher learning institutions are a particularly vulnerable group in terms of substance use, and Ethiopia is no exception. In fact, the problem is believed to be on the rise, and has become a source of concern for various stakeholders.
Aim: To review the prevalence of substance use among university students in Ethiopia using reports from different institutions published over a 10-year period. Methods: Search of the literature on substance use reported from 2007 to 2017. Web resources searched included PubMed, PsychINFO, AJOL and other relevant databases using various search terms, including: substance, alcohol, khat, tobacco, drugs, substance AND college, university, higher learning institution AND Ethiopia. The search strategy was organized using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalysesmethod. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted.
Results: The search yielded a total of 97 articles. Ninety four were retrieved based on the title review, of which nine were included for full-text review. A further two were retrieved after reviewing the references used in the nine articles, and a further five were retrieved from a search of gray literature. A total of 16 articles were included in the review. Almost all studies reviewed reported a high level of substance use among university students in Ethiopia. Alcohol, tobacco and khat were the substances most commonly used by the university students. The current prevalence for drinking alcohol was 26.65% (CI: 25.73-27.56, range: 9.3%-54.9%); for smoking tobacco it was 6.83% (CI: 6.29-7.37, range: 1.8%-51.1%); and for khat chewing it was13.13% (CI: 12.53-13.72, range: 2.3%-62%). Although the prevalence of these substances was reported to be high, only few of the studies reviewed looked at the reasons for use which were very diverse, and the adverse consequences on the students, such as the impact on students’ academic performance, rates of absenteeism, and cumulative grade point averages.
Conclusion and recommendation: The studies showed that students in Ethiopian higher learning institutions reported high levels of substance use, especially alcohol, tobacco and khat. Adverse impacts on students’ academic performance were observed. This finding warrants the attention of policy makers to design preventive, counseling and rehabilitative programs for these students. Further well-systematized studies that look at diverse problems associated with substance use are recommended. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2018;32(4):243-255]
Key words: Substance, alcohol, khat, tobacco, university students, Ethiopi
Substance use among university students in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFAbstractBackground: Problems arising from psychoactive substance use are among the major health and social challenges facing humanity across the globe. Young people in higher learning institutions are a particularly vulnerable group in terms of substance use, and Ethiopia is no exception. In fact, the problem is believed to be on the rise, and has become a source of concern for various stakeholders.Aim: To review the prevalence of substance use among university students in Ethiopia using reports from different institutions published over a 10-year period.Methods: Search of the literature on substance use reported from 2007 to 2017. Web resources searched included Pub Med, Psych INFO, AJOL and other relevant databases using various search terms, including: substance, alcohol, khat, tobacco, drugs, substance AND college, university, higher learning institution AND Ethiopia. The search strategy was organized using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysesmethod. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted.Results: The search yielded a total of 97 articles. Ninety-four were retrieved based on the title review, of which nine were included for full-text review. A further two were retrieved after reviewing the references used in the nine articles, and a further five were retrieved from a search of gray literature. A total of 16 articles were included in the review. Almost all studies reviewed reported a high level of substance use among university students in Ethiopia. Alcohol, tobacco and khat were the substances most commonly used by the university students. The current prevalence for drinking alcohol was 26.65% (CI: 25.73-27.56, range: 9.3%-54.9%); for smoking tobacco it was 6.83% (CI: 6.29-7.37, range: 1.8%-51.1%); and for khat chewing it was13.13% (CI: 12.53-13.72, range: 2.3%-62%). Although the prevalence of these substances was reported to be high, only few of the studies reviewed looked at the reasons for use which were very diverse, and the adverse consequences on the students, such as the impact on students’ academic performance, rates of absenteeism, and cumulative grade point averages.Conclusion and recommendation: The studies showed that students in Ethiopian higher learning institutions reported high levels of substance use, especially alcohol, tobacco and khat. Adverse impacts on students’ academic performance were observed. This finding warrants the attention of policy makers to design preventive, counseling and rehabilitative programs for these students. Further well-systematized studies that look at diverse problems associated with substance use are recommended. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2018;32(4):265-277]Key words: Substance, alcohol, khat, tobacco, university students, Ethiopi
Substance-related disorders treatment service in a general hospital in Ethiopia: Experience, challenges and opportunities
Get PDFAccording to the latest global burden of diseases report, substance related disorders (SRDs) remain important risk factors for disability and premature mortality. The subSaharan Africa region has a long history of substance use, but this was mainly limited to alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and khat. Recently, use of hard drugs such as cocaine and heroin is on the rise. This paper highlights the current status of SRDs in Ethiopia. Alcohol, khat and tobacco are the three substances commonly misused in Ethiopia. Evidence based interventons for SRDs for low and middle-income countries (LMICs) and the challenges of setng up SRD service, and applicaton of these interventons in Ethiopia, a country of more than 100 million people and the second largest in Africa afer Nigeria with rising SRDs, is presented. It also highlights the successes, opportunites and innovatve approaches undertaken. A descriptve summary of cases seen in the SRD treatment center, and outcomes of detoxifcaton is also presented. Lessons learnt in this process have the potental to inform other similar services in LMICs.Keywords: Alcohol, Drugs, Ethiopia, Low and Middle Income, Services, Substance, subSaharan Afric
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