1,721,083 research outputs found
25GMAC/sec/axon photonic neural networks with 7GHz bandwidth optics through channel response-aware training
No full textWe present a channel response-aware Photonic Neural Network (PNN) and demonstrate experimentally its resilience in Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) when implemented in an integrated neuron. The trained PNN model performs at 25GMAC/sec/axon using only 7GHz-bandwidth photonic axons with 97.37% accuracy in the MNIST dataset
Biosignal time-series analysis
No full textIn this chapter, recent state-of-the-art techniques in biosignal time-series analysis will be presented. We shall start with the problem of patient-specific ECG beat classification where the objective is to discriminate the arrhythmic beats from the normal (healthy) beats of an individual patient. So, we will answer the ultimate question of how to design person-specific, real-time, and accurate monitoring of ECG signals. We shall then move on to the recent solution of a related problem, an early warning system that can alert an individual the instant his/her heart deviates from its normal rhythm. This is a far challenging problem since the detection of the arrhythmia beats should be performed without knowing them.</p
Medical image analysis
No full textThis chapter presents deep learning methodologies for medical imaging tasks. The chapter starts with echocardiography for early detection of myocardial infarction (MI) or commonly known as heart attack. Early and fundamental signs of MI can be visible as the abnormality in one or several segments of the left ventricle (LV) wall, where a segment may move “abnormally” or “nonuniformly.” The primary tool to detect and identify such regional wall motion abnormalities is echocardiography, which is a fast, cost-effective, and lowest risk imaging option. A three-phase approach is introduced, where the entire LV wall is segmented by a deep learning model, and then characteristics of the segmented wall are used to perform early detection of MI robustly and accurately. The second medical imaging task discussed in the chapter is the recognition of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has become a global health concern after it is declared as a pandemic in March 2020. Developing automatic, accurate, and fast algorithms for COVID-19 detection plays a vital role in the prevention of spreading the virus. Deep learning models can provide state-of-the-art performance in many imaging tasks. However, due to data scarcity, these models cannot produce satisfactory results when trained for COVID-19 recognition. To tackle this issue, Convolutional Support Estimator Network (CSEN) is introduced due to its advantage over a scarce-data classification task for robust COVID-19 recognition using chest X-ray images. In order to utilize the CSEN classification scheme, features are extracted from a state-of-the-art deep neural network. Consequently, the introduced network can achieve an elegant performance for COVID-19 recognition
Neuromorphic silicon photonics and hardware-aware deep learning for high-speed inference
No full textThe relentless growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) workloads has fueled the drive towards non-Von Neuman architectures and custom computing hardware. Neuromorphic photonic engines aspire to synergize the low-power and high-bandwidth credentials of light-based deployments with novel architectures, towards surpassing the computing performance of their electronic counterparts. In this paper, we review recent progress in integrated photonic neuromorphic architectures and analyze the architectural and photonic hardware-based factors that limit their performance. Subsequently, we present our approach towards transforming silicon coherent neuromorphic layouts into high-speed and high-accuracy Deep Learning (DL) engines by combining robust architectures with hardware-aware DL training. Circuit robustness is ensured through a crossbar layout that circumvents insertion loss and fidelity constraints of state-of-the-art linear optical designs. Concurrently, we employ DL training models adapted to the underlying photonic hardware, incorporating noise- and bandwidth-limitations together with the supported activation function directly into Neural Network (NN) training. We validate experimentally the high-speed and high-accuracy advantages of hardware-aware DL models when combined with robust architectures through a SiPho prototype implementing a single column of a 4:4 photonic crossbar. This was utilized as the pen-ultimate hidden layer of a NN, revealing up to 5.93% accuracy improvement at 5GMAC/sec/axon when noise-aware training is enforced and allowing accuracies of 99.15% and 79.8% for the MNIST and CIFAR-10 classification tasks. Channel-aware training was then demonstrated by integrating the frequency response of the photonic hardware in NN training, with its experimental validation with the MNIST dataset revealing an accuracy increase of 12.93% at a record-high rate of 25GMAC/sec/axon
A silicon photonic coherent neuron with 10GMAC/sec processing line-rate
No full textWe demonstrate a novel coherent Si-Pho neuron with 10Gbaud on-chip input-data vector generation capabilities. Its performance as a hidden layer within a neural network has been experimentally validated for the MNIST data-set, yielding 96.19% accuracy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Novel Decision Forest Building Techniques by Utilising Correlation Coefficient Methods
Full text linkDecision Forests have attracted the academic community’s interest mainly due to their simplicity and transparency. This paper proposes two novel decision forest building techniques, called Maximal Information Coefficient Forest (MICF) and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient Forest (PCCF). The proposed new algorithms use Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (PCC) and Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC) as extra measures of the classification capacity score of each feature. Using those approaches, we improve the picking of the most convenient feature at each splitting node, the feature with the greatest Gain Ratio. We conduct experiments on 12 datasets that are available in the publicly accessible UCI machine learning repository. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed methods have the best average ensemble accuracy rank of 1.3 (for MICF) and 3.0 (for PCCF), compared to their closest competitor, Random Forest (RF), which has an average rank of 4.3. Additionally, the results from Friedman and Bonferroni-Dunn tests indicate statistically significant improvement
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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