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R&D spillovers and the role of economic freedom
No full textThis paper examines the role of economic freedom plays in moderating
research and development (R&D) spillovers from developed to
developing countries. Two channels are analyzed namely import and
international student flows. The empirical results based on generalized
method-of-moment system estimation on a panel of 75 developing
countries show that spillover effects through import and international
student flow are significant, but the latter channel appear to be more
important in term of magnitude. This finding is consistent with view
that technology diffusion via human capital mobility should not be
underestimated. More importantly, the finding reveals that countries
with higher level of economic freedom benefit more from R&D
spillovers. This provides further support to the idea that successful
knowledge acquisition requires absorptive capacity
Globalisation and innovation activity in developing countries
No full textThis paper is an empirical assessment of the impacts of globalisation on innovative activity across developing countries. The focus is on the role of trade and capital account openness. Extreme-Bound-Analysis (EBA) approach is applied to analyse data from 58 countries over the 1996-2011 period. Though globalisation leads to greater interaction between countries through trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), not all of these interactions affect domestic innovation activities. The result reveal only imports of machinery and equipment promote domestic innovation activity while there is insufficient empirical evidence to suggest that this relationship exists for imports of manufactured goods and FDI inflows. This finding is consistent with the view that import is a more important channel for technology transfer than FDI
Impacts of economic freedom and language on technology transfer in developing countries
Get PDFThis dissertation consists of three empirical exercises, all of which are assessments of issues related to the transfer of technology in developing countries. The first objective of this dissertation is to examine the role of economic freedom in moderating research and development (R&D) spillovers from developed to developing countries. Two channels are analyzed, namely import and international student flows. The empirical results based on generalized method-of-moment system estimation using data from a panel of 75 developing countries show that spillover effects through import and international student flow are significant, but the latter channel appear to be more important in term of magnitude. This finding is consistent with view that technology diffusion via human capital mobility should not be underestimated. More importantly, the finding reveals that countries with higher level of economic freedom benefit more from R&D spillovers. This provides further support to the idea that successful knowledge acquisition requires that host countries have the ability to absorb and internalise new technology (i.e. absorptive capacity). The second objective is to investigate the influence of technology transfer on innovation activity in developing countries. The Extreme-Bound-Analysis (EBA) approach is applied to data from 58 developing countries over the 1996 - 2011 period. The result reveals that human capital is a robust determinant of innovation activity. Meanwhile, the impact of foreign technology inflow is found to be different depending on the variables used in the analysis. Specifically, the results indicate that import of machinery and equipment affects domestic innovation activity positively but total import, import of manufactured goods, and FDI inflows appear to be fragile determinants of innovation activity in developing countries. Accordingly, the results suggest that import of machinery and equipment is expected promote productivity through its impact on domestic innovation activity.Finally, the third objective is to evaluate whether proficiency in English language will enhance the spillover effects from foreign direct investment. This objective is motivated by previous studies which show that countries with mutual language enjoy lower trade cost and increased trade volume. Nevertheless, common native language between countries is not common and studies suggest that English language is widely used in international activity. In order to test this hypothesis, a threshold regression is employed using data from 61 developing countries over the 1976-2013 period. The findings reveal that host country with greater level of English proficiency benefit more from the foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. Obviously, language plays an important role in the transfer of technology via FDI. This also suggests that the proficiency English language is an important part of the host country’s absorptive capacity. The overall findings indicate the significance of absorptive capacity in technology transfer (i.e. economic freedom and English language proficiency) as it could enhance the benefit gain by host country. Besides, technology transfer does not only benefit economic performance through enhance productivity among developing countries, but it also stimulate domestic innovation effort, which in turn contribute to growth in the long run
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Globalisation and Innovation Activity in Developing Countries
No full textThis paper is an empirical assessment of the impacts of globalisation on innovative activity across developing countries. The focus is on the role of trade and capital account openness. Extreme-Bound-Analysis (EBA) approach is applied to analyse data from 58 countries over the 1996-2011 period. Though globalisation leads to greater interaction between countries through trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), not all of these interactions affect domestic innovation activities. The result reveal only imports of machinery and equipment promote domestic innovation activity while there is insufficient empirical evidence to suggest that this relationship exists for imports of manufactured goods and FDI inflows. This finding is consistent with the view that import is a more important channel for technology transfer than FDI
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Madani Economy: What factors matter? DOI: https://doi.org/10.33093/ijomfa.2024.5.2.11
No full textForeign Direct Investment (FDI) has long been acknowledged as a vital driver of economic development, and Southeast Asia stands out as a prime destination for such investments. However, Malaysia's share of FDI in the region has been diminishing, signalling a loss of competitiveness. In response, the Malaysian government has prioritized enhancing competitive strength in its recent development framework, Madani Economy. This study aims to shed light on the factors that require greater attention to achieve these objectives. Utilizing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach and monthly data spanning from 2010 to 2019, the findings underscore the importance of growing market size and currency appreciation in attracting FDI inflows to Malaysia, indicative of the predominance of market-seeking FDI in the nation's economy. Meanwhile, a negative relationship between population growth and FDI inflows is observed, likely due to concerns about rising unemployment and dampening economic growth resulting from a growing population. These findings imply that to attract FDI inflows successfully, greater emphasis should be placed on developing the domestic market, given the significant role of market-seeking FDI in Malaysia. Additionally, it suggests the necessity for Malaysia to prioritize the development of environmentally friendly production approaches, as the burgeoning population places greater strain on resources, potentially reducing availability for multinational enterprises. Coincidentally, this aligns with the increasing global consciousness surrounding sustainable development, as evidenced by growing concerns regarding energy production and water supply, epitomized by initiatives like the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These efforts indirectly foster long-term economic development by prioritizing environmental sustainability alongside economic prosperity
Analysing the determinants of Vietnam’s FDI inflow
No full textFDI has long been recognised for its positive impact on host countries, prompting economies, particularly those in the developing world, to dedicate significant efforts to crafting policies conducive to attracting FDI inflows. Vietnam stands out as a top performer within the ASEAN region, and it is known for its appeal to FDI. This study seeks to shed light on Vietnam's successful FDI attraction strategies, offering insights for similar endeavours. Utilising the ARDL approach and monthly data from 2010 to 2019, this study examines the determinants of FDI inflows in Vietnam. The analysis reveals that market size is the sole significant factor in both short-term and long-term estimations. However, in the short run, market size, trade openness, and inflation notably influence FDI inflows. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing the host nation’s competitive advantage to attract market-seeking and export-oriented FDI in the short term. However, the FDI landscape shifts towards market-seeking investments over time, particularly as the domestic market expands. This shift presents valuable guidance for policymakers in shaping long-term FDI-related strategies. By leveraging the benefits accrued from FDI, whether market-seeking or export-oriented, host nations can foster domestic market development, thereby sustaining FDI inflows in the long run. This development aligns with the growing global awareness of promoting societal equality, such as the SDGs. By fostering equality, purchasing power within the overall market is boosted, creating a more favorable environment for FDI
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