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MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INTERNALISASI IMAN DAN TAQWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PAI UNTUK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR
No full textLearning by a teacher needs touches all dimensions of humanity that includes spirit, mind, heart, passion and physical balanced. Based on these dimensions, namely: the soul (transcendent must be turned on), reasonable (rational must be taught), heart (surrender must be strengthened), lust (self-fulfillment to be controlled), and physically (ready to act should be actualized), needs to be grown through the learning model TADZKIROH (Tunjukan teladan, Arahkan, Dorongan, Zakiyah (Kesucian), Kontinuitas, Repetisi, Organisasikan, Hati). So that the behavior reflects the faith and piety in the stage of primary school age can reflect as accustomed to have a prayer, always acts like respect for parents, teachers and friends used to run the religious orders, used to read and study the scriptures and also undertake activities that benefit the world hereafter.
Keywords: teaching model, internalization, iman, taqwa, tadzkiroh
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
MODEL INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI MAQASHID SYARI’AH SEBAGAI STANDAR MORAL DALAM MATA KULIAH PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM UNTUK PENGUATAN KARAKTER TOLERANSI BERAGAMA
Get PDFDalam konteks pendidikan tinggi, Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) memiliki peran strategis dalam membentuk karakter mahasiswa, termasuk sikap toleransi beragama. Namun, peran PAI tersebut dihadapkan pada sejumlah tantangan terkait konstruksi teoritik maqashid syari’ah yang dirumuskan oleh para ulama sebagai tujuan ajaran Islam yang mencakup pada lima hal pokok sebagai parameter kemashlahatan bagi manusia yakni melindungi agama (hifzh din), jiwa (hifzh nafs), akal (hifzh aql), keturunan (hifzh nasl) dan harta (hifzh mal). Dalam tataran implementasinya konsep maqashid syari’ah seringkali hanya diinterpretasikan pada aspek legal formal semata sehingga muatan materi PAI cenderung berorientasi fiqh dan lebih menekankan pada kesalehan ritual yang berdampak pada adanya kesenjangan antara konsep maqashid syari’ah sebagai tujuan ajaran Islam dengan perwujudan sikap toleransi beragama mahasiswa. Oleh karena itu diperlukan penguatan nilai-nilai maqashid syari’ah yang bukan saja pada dimensi legal-formal tetapi juga dimensi etis-moral agar maqashid syari’ah dapat menjadi standar moral bagi individu yang menavigasi pada penguatan sikap toleransi beragama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan formulasi dalam menginternalisasikan nilai-nilai maqashid syari’ah sebagai standar moral dalam pembelajaran PAI untuk penguatan karakter toleransi beragama. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian tersebut Design Base Research (DBR) dipilih sebagai rancangan penelitian dalam disertasi ini yang ditempuh dalam tiga fase yakni Designing, Analyzing dan Redisigning. Penelitian ini melibatkan 410 orang dari 1067 orang mahasiswa perguruan tinggi umum (PTU) di Jawa Barat yang menyatakan kesediaannya untuk terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Selain itu sejumlah 19 orang dari unsur akademis di berbagai perguruan tinggi dan 3 orang unsur ulama di Jawa Barat berkontribusi sebagai narasumber dalam penelitian ini. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survey dengan skala likert dan open ended serta wawancara mendalam, sehingga analisis data penelitian dilakukan dalam dua pendekatan yakni analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Berdasarkan kerangka DBR sebagai rancangan penelitian ini dihasilkan empat temuan penting penelitian. Pertama; wawasan mahasiswa tentang nilai-nilai maqashid syari’ah sangat lemah, dengan skor rata-rata 1,75 (skala Likert). Sikap toleransi beragama mahasiswa berada pada tingkat sedang, dengan skor rata-rata 2,29 untuk toleransi antar agama dan 2,11 untuk toleransi antar mazhab. Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan hubungan positif yang signifikan antara wawasan maqashid syari’ah dan sikap toleransi beragama, dengan derajat hubungan 47,7% untuk toleransi antar agama dan 41,3% untuk toleransi antar mazhab. Temuan kuantitatif ini diperkuat oleh temuan kualitatif yang diolah menggunakan NVivo 14. Kedua; Kajian model realitas menemukan adanya sejumlah masalah dalam muatan materi PAI dan Implementasi sintax pembelajaran yang mengarahkan pada perlunya upaya perbaikan. Ketiga; berdasarkan temuan kedua, penelitian ini merumuskan Model TADBIR Mashlahah sebagai model pembelajaran internalisasi nilai-nilai maqashid syari’ah. TADBIR merupakan akronim dari Tadabbur, Arahkan, Dorongan, Bimbingan, Inisiasi, dan Refleksi. Materi yang dikembangkan dalam model ini mencakup enam nilai maqashid syari’ah, lima di antaranya diadopsi dari ulama klasik (agama, jiwa, akal, keluarga, dan harta), serta satu nilai baru, yaitu hifzh wathon (menjaga negara/nasionalisme). Pemaknaan hifzh dalam model ini mengalami pergeseran dari perlindungan dan pemeliharaan ke arah nilai-nilai universal yang lebih mengedepankan hak asasi manusia dan kebebasan. Keempat, hasil uji coba model menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam wawasan mahasiswa terkait maqashid syari’ah, dengan skor pretest 1,55 dan posttest 4,28. Peningkatan ini diikuti dengan peningkatan sikap toleransi beragama. Efektivitas model TADBIR Mashlahah dinyatakan tinggi, dengan nilai N-Gain sebesar 78,89%. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Model TADBIR Maslhahah merupakan model pembelajaran yang efektif dalam menginternalisasikan nilai-nilai maqashid syari’ah sebagai standar moral dalam PAI untuk penguatan karakter toleransi beragama.
In higher education, Islamic Religious Education (Pendidikan Agama Islam/PAI) has a strategic role in shaping students' character, including attitudes of religious tolerance. However, its role faces challenges in the theoretical construction of maqashid sharia formulated by scholars as the goal of Islamic teachings which includes five main parameters of human welfare, namely protecting religion (hifzh din), soul (hifzh nafs), reason (hifzh aql), descendants (hifzh nasl) and property (hifzh mal). In its implementation, the concept of maqashid sharia is often only interpreted in terms of formal legal aspects so that PAI materials tend to be oriented towards fiqh and emphasizes more on ritual piety which has an impact on the gap between the concept of maqashid sharia as the goal of Islamic teachings and the realization of students' attitudes of religious tolerance. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the values of maqashid sharia not only in the legal-formal dimension but also the ethical-moral dimension so that maqashid sharia can become a moral standard for individuals who navigate strengthening attitudes of religious tolerance. This study aims to formulate the internalization of maqashid sharia values as a moral standard in PAI learning to strengthen the character of religious tolerance. To achieve the objectives of the study, the Design-Based Research (DBR) was chosen in this dissertation which was carried out in three phases, namely Designing, Analyzing, and Redesigning. This study involved 410 people out of 1067 students of public universities in West Java who expressed their willingness to be involved in this study. In addition, 19 people from academic elements in various universities and 3 ulama in West Java contributed as sources in this study. Data collection was carried out through a survey with a Likert scale and open ended as well as in-depth interviews. In the data analysis, quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. Based on the DBR framework, four important findings were produced. First, the students had poor insight into the values of Maqashid Sharia, with an average score of 1.75 (Likert scale). The attitude of religious tolerance of students was at a moderate level, with an average score of 2.29 for inter-religious tolerance and 2.11 for inter-school tolerance. The results of the correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between the insight into Maqashid Sharia and the attitude of religious tolerance, with a degree of relationship of 47.7% for inter-religious tolerance and 41.3% for inter-school tolerance. This quantitative finding was reinforced by qualitative findings processed using NVivo 14. Second, the reality model found a number of problems in PAI materials and the implementation of learning syntax that led to the need for improvement efforts. Third, based on the second finding, this study formulated the TADBIR Mashlahah Model as a learning model for internalizing Maqashid Sharia values. TADBIR is an acronym for Tadabbur, Arahkan, Dorongan, Bimbingan, Inisiasi, and Refleksi (Contemplation, Direction, Encouragement, Guidance, Initiation, and Reflection). The material developed in this model had six Maqashid Sharia values, five of which were adopted from classical ulama (religion, soul, reason, family, and property), as well as one new value, namely hifzh wathon (protecting the country/nationalism). The meaning of hifzh in this model shifted from protection and maintenance to universal values that prioritize human rights and freedom. Fourth, the results of the model trial showed a significant increase in students' insight regarding Maqashid Sharia, with a pretest score of 1.55 and a posttest score of 4.28. This increase was followed by an increase in attitudes of religious tolerance. The effectiveness of the TADBIR Mashlahah model was declared high, with an N-Gain value of 78.89%. This study concluded that the TADBIR Maslhahah Model was an effective learning model in internalizing the values of maqashid sharia as moral standards in PAI to strengthen the character of religious tolerance
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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