1,721,055 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Modulation of epidermal growth factor-receptor during atherosclerosis development
No full textLe récepteur à l’EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) est exprimé, entre autres, par les cellules inflammatoires et vasculaires. Il est impliqué dans la survie et la migration cellulaire. L’EGF-R et ses ligand sont exprimés dans les plaques d’athérosclérose. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les effets de l’inhibition de l’EGF-R sur les fonctions des lymphocytes T CD4+ et sur les macrophages au cours du développement de l’athérosclérose expérimentale. L’EGFR est exprimé par les lymphocytes T CD4+, ainsi que par les macrophages au sein des plaques d’athérosclérose murines. L’inhibition pharmacologique de l’EGFR (Erlotinib) chez des souris Ldlr-/- sous régime riche en matières grasses réduit le développement et la progression des lésions athéromateuses. Afin d’étudier le rôle spécifique de l’EGFR dans les lymphocytes T CD4+, nous avons généré des souris Cd4Cre Egfrlox/lox. Des souris Ldlr-/- ont été irradiées et retransplantées avec une moelle Cd4Cre Egf-r+/+ ou Cd4Cre Egf-rlox/lox puis mise sous régime riche en matières grasses. L’invalidation spécifique de l’EGFR dans les lymphocytes T CD4+ induit une diminution de la prolifération lymphocytaire T CD4+ in vitro et in vivo, une diminution de la production d’IFN-γ, d’IL-4 et d’IL-2. La transplantation de la moelle Cd4Cre Egf-rlox/lox induit une réduction de la taille des lésions d’athérosclérose sans différence concernant la cholestérolémie, et une diminution de l’infiltration lymphocytaire T dans les plaques. Nous avons ensuite généré des souris LysMCre Egf-rlox/lox pour étudier le rôle spécifique de l’EGF-R exprimé par les cellules myéloides. Des souris Ldlr-/- ont été irradiées et retransplantées avec une moelle LysMCre-Egf-rlox/lox ou LysMCre+Egfrlox/lox. La transplantation de la moelle LysMCre+Egf-rlox/lox induit une réduction de la taille des lésions après 4, 7 et 12 semaines de régime riche en matière grasses. Les plaques des souris chimères Ldlr-/-/LysMCre+Egf rlox/lox sont caractérisées par une diminution significative de l’infiltration macrophagique ainsi qu’une diminution de la taille du noyau nécrotique. L’invalidation génétique de l’EGFR dans la lignée myéloide réduit significativement la production du TNF-α et d’IL-6. Par ailleurs, l’inhibition pharmacologique et l’invalidation génétique d’EGFR réduit la formation des cellules spumeuses par une « down-régulation » du CD36. L’inhibition pharmacologique l’EGF-R diminue l’activité pro-inflammatoire pro-athérogène des lymphocytes T CD4+ et des macrophages, et in fine réduit le développement et la progression de l’athérosclérose expérimentale. Nos résultats suggèrent que l’inhibition de l’EGFR pourrait être une nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique pour le traitement de l’athérosclérose.Background: Several Epidermal Growth Factor receptor (EGF-R) inhibitors have been successfully developed for the treatment of cancer, inhibiting tumor cell survival, proliferation and migration. EGF-R is expressed by leucocytes, but little is known about its role in the modulation of the immune response. The first part of the projet is to determine whether EGFR expressed on myeloid cells is functional, and to address the consequences of EGFR inhibition specifically in myeloid cells on atherosclerosis. The second part is to explore the expression of EGF-R on CD4+ T cells, and to study the effects of the specific EGF-R invalidation on CD4+ T cells during atherosclerosis development. Methods and results: Ldlr-/- mice were orally treated with a specific EGFR inhibitor (Erlotinib, 15mg/kg) for 6 weeks, under a high fat diet. EGFR pharmacological inhibition reduced T cell infiltration, decreases macrophage accumulation within atherosclerotic lesions, and thus, protected against atherosclerosis development in the aortic sinus. In parallel, we generated chimeric Ldlr-/- mice. Ldlr-/- mice were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with LysMCre+ EgfrLox/lox or LysM Cre- EgfrLox/lox bone marrow cells. In addition, irradiated Ldlr-/- mice were also reconstituted with bone marrow from Cd4Cre Egfrlox/lox , or Cd4Cre Egfr+/+ and put under a high fat diet. Animal weight and cholesterolemia were not different between groups. We observed a decrease of atherosclerosis plaque size in the aortic sinus in chimeric Ldlr-/-/LysMCre+ EgfrLox/lox and Ldlr-/-Cd4Cre Egfrlox/lox mice in comparison with chimeric Ldlr-/-/LysMCre- EgfrLox/lox, and Ldlr-/-Cd4Cre Egfr+/+ respectively. Myeloid invalidation of EGFR and pharmacological inhibition using AG-1478, a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, affected cytoskeleton reorganization limiting macrophage adhesion, spreading and migration. EGF-R blockage significantly reduced lipid uptake and foam cell formation through the down-regulation of CD36 expression. Selective deletion of Egfr in CD4+ T cells resulted in decreased T cell proliferation and activation both in vitro and in vivo, as well as reduced IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-4 and IL-10 production. Finally, human blood T cells expressed EGFR and EGFR inhibition reduced T cell proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion. EGFR is expressed by human and mouse CD4+ T cells. EGFR pharmacological inhibition or genetic invalidation induced T cell anergy in vitro and in vivo, blocked macrophage activity, and limited atherosclerosis initiation and progression. Our results suggest that targeting EGFR may be a novel strategy to combat atherosclerosis
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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