196,050 research outputs found
Prostaglandin F2alpha and control of reproduction in female swine: A review
No full textIn female swine, PGF2α is an important regulator of corpora luteal (CL) function, uterine contractility, ovulation, and embryo attachment. High affinity PGF2α receptors are present in the CL at all stages of the estrous cycle and they are functional. Therefore, a lack of luteolytic capacity of PGF2α is related to other factors that have not been well identified. In female pigs, a single exogenous PGF2α injection produces a short lasting decrease in plasma progesterone levels but does not induce luteolysis before day 12 of the estrous cycle. However, multiple injections of PGF2α can induce luteolysis before day 12 of the estrous cycle and may be utilized in the development of protocols for ovulation synchronization and timed AI. Most commonly, PGF2α is used for the induction of farrowing and so facilitation of cross fostering. Further, since PGF2α is a smooth muscle stimulant, treatment to stimulate myometrial contractions and uterine evacuation of residual products from parturition or infectious debris, may have beneficial effects on post-weaning fertility. Administration of PGF2α at the moment of insemination has been shown to improve reproductive performances when fertility is otherwise low, such as in sow under summer heat stress.F. De Rensis, R. Saleri, P. Tummaruk, M. Techakumphu, R.N. Kirkwoo
Effect of short (10-or 12-day) or standard (14-or 18-day) periods of estrus suppression with allyl trenbolone on estrus synchronization and fertility in pubertal gilts
No full textAbstract in English, Spanish and French.Allyl trenbolone was fed at 20 mg per day for 10, 12, 14, or 18 days, with two 75-µg injections of D-cloprostenol at last feeding at 10 or 12 days to synchronize estrus in gilts. There were no treatment effects on farrowing rate or subsequent litter sizes. = Se administró allyl trembolona en el alimento a 20 mg por día por 10, 12, 14, ó 18 días, con dos inyecciones de 75 µg de D-cloprostenol en el último alimento a los 10 ó 12 días para sincronizar el estro en hembras primerizas. No hubo efecto del tratamiento en el porcentaje de fertilidad o en el tamaño de camada subsecuentes. = L’allyle de trenbolone a été administré par la nourriture à une dose de 20 mg par jour pour 10, 12, 14, ou 18 jours avec deux injections de 75 µg de D-cloprosténol au moment du dernier repas à 10 ou 12 jours afin de synchroniser l’œstrus chez les cochettes. Aucun effet de traitement ne fut noté sur les taux de mise-bas ou la tailles des portées subséquentes.F. De Rensis, C. Mazzoni, R. Saleri, M. Techakumphu, R. N. Kirkwoo
Estrus responses after administering cloprostenol during the luteal phase of the oestrus cycle of gilts.
No full textThe effect of double administration of PGF2alfa in gilts treated before corpus luteum acquisition of luteolytic capacity
No full textThe effect of double administration of PGF2alfa in gilts treated before corpus luteum acquisition
of luteolytic capacity
Fabio De Rensis1, Gatano Donofrio1 , Mongkol Techakumphu2, Padet Tummaruk2
1Dipartimento di Salute Animale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Parma, Italy
2Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science,
Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
E-mail address: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Introduction
Prostaglandin F 2alpha (PGF2 ) is known to have
the ability to regress the corpus luteum (CL) in
many domestic animals and is used for estrus
synchronization in cattle, ewe and goat. However,
in female pig, single PGF2 administration is
effective in induce luteolysis only after day 12 of
estrus cycle or multiple injections are required. In a
recent study in mini pigs, two administration of 3.0
mg PGF2 (cloprostenol) within 12 hours interval
can induce luteolysis as early as 7 days after
ovulation [1]. These data suggest that double PGF2
administration can induce luteolysis also before day
12 of luteal phase of estrus cycle. Also the route of
PGF2 administration is important and intra vulvosubmucosal
(IVSM) route is more effective than
intramuscular (IM) route. The aim of this study is to
evaluate the possibility to reduce the length of
estrus cycle by the double administration of PGF2
given IVSM at high doses at day 8 of estrus cycle,
before CL acquisition of luteolytic capacity.
Material and Methods
Experiment 1: Eight gilts at day 8 of estrous cycle
were treated with 75 μg di Cloprostenol destrogiro
(1 ml of Dalmazin–Fatro) 2 times at interval of 6 h
IVSM. Heat detection was effectuated for 10 days
after end of treatment.
Experiment II: 10 gilts at day 8 of estrous cycle
were treated as in experiment I. In these animals,
blood sample were taken on the day of PGF2
administration and 24 and 42 h later to determine
plasma progesterone (P4) levels. Based on the
decrease of P4, the gilts were classified as: complete
luteolysis (HLL), partial luteolysis (HLH) and no
luteolysis (HHH). Heat detection was performed
every day until estrus occurs. Intensity of estrous
symptoms were scored 1=very low, 5=very evident.
Results
Experiment I: Two gilts showed estrus within 8
days after PGF2 treatment, while 6 gilts showed
estrus at longer than 10 days.
Experiment II: In 6 gilts, estrus occured 10 days
after PGF2 treatment indicating that length of
estrous cycle was not modified, in 2 gilts, estrus
occured at 7 days and in 2 gilts estrus occured at 8
days after PGF2 treatment. Based on progesterone
plasma levels, 1 gilt was HHH, 7 gits were HLH and 4
gilts were HLL. The score for estrous signs tended to be
reduced compared the other gilts (5.0 vs 3.7, P=0.051).
The P4 levels before treatment were lower in gilts in
which complete luteolysis occurs.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
day 6 day 7 day 8 day 9 day 10 day 11
and more
N u
m b e r
o f
g il
ts
Days after PGF2alfa administration
Number of gilts and Interval treatment-estrus
Figure 1 Number of gilts and interval from treatment to
estrus
Discussion
The results of this study indicate that in gilts the response
to a high dose of PGF2 administered twice at perivulvar
level is high variable and shortened estrous cycle only in
30% of animals. In the other animals an incomplete
luteolysis occurs. The reason for such high variability
could be related the number of CLs because luteolysis
occurred in gilts with lower progesterone levels before
treatment. Usually in cows average interval between
PGF2 administration and estrus is 4-5 days while in this
study in gilts that responded to treatment estrus occurred
7-8 days after treatment. This suggests that to
synchronize estrus in gilts with PGF2 is difficult also
because the mechanism of recruitment and maturation of
ovulatory follicles required more time compared to cow.
Furthermore intensity of estrus expression is reduced.
In conclusion the results of this study indicate that in
gilts response to PGF2 administration at day 8 of estrous
cycle in terms of luteolysis is highly variable and that the
length of estrus cycle can be partially reduced only in a
minority of treated animals. In this study a tendency for a
correlation between plasma P4 levels before treatment
and luteolysis has been detected.
Reference
1. Kuge, T., et al., 2006. J. Reprod. Dev. 52:391-396
Reproductive and dairy performances of Thai swamp buffaloes under intensive farm management
No full textAbstract
In this study the reproductive and dairy performances of swamp buffaloes under intensive farm conditions were evaluated. The data of reproduction and milk production were collected from forty-eight swamp buffaloes during the period of 2001 to 2010. The reproductive and dairy performances were analyzed as mean±SD of each index. The age at first calving was 47.1±8 months and the gestation period was 321.4±11.3 days. The service per conception was 3.5±2.5, with insemination by both natural and artificial mating. The calving interval and the days open were 486.2±75.02 and 166.2±69.7 days (n=99), respectively. Additionally, there was a large increase in primiparous and aging cows. The number of conceptive cows rose significantly in November of every year, which reflects a similar period of peak milk production. The dairy performance index such as the lactation period (127.5±104.6 days), the milk production (2.0±0.9 kg/cow/day) and the milk yield (255±209 kg/lactation) were quite low. In conclusion, postpartum cows in this study had low reproductive performances which could indicate that the age at first calving, service per conception and days open in primiparous cows should be improved. Moreover, the low milk production and short lactation period found in this study suggest that swamp buffalo may not be suitable for milking
Effect of season on luteal activity during the postpartum period of dairy cows in temperate areas.
No full textThis study was designed to compare the reproductive response to timed AI of lactating dairy cows with cystic ovarian follicles treated with GnRH or hCG to synchronize ovulation. The effectiveness of treatment during the warm or cool period of the year was also compared. Cows were given 12 μg GnRH-agonist i.m. on day 0 of the protocol, 15 mg PGF2α i.m. on day 7, and either GnRH-agonist (GPG treatment) or 3000 IU hCG i.m. (GPH treatment) on day 9, followed by timed AI. The cows were randomly chronologically assigned to GPG (n = 130) or GPH (n = 136) group. All cows were inseminated at fixed time 16-22 h after the end of treatment. During the warm period the pregnancy rate to first AI was 12% (7/60) and 21% (14/68) for the GPG and GPH groups, respectively, there being no significant differences between groups; the cumulative pregnancy rate was 22% (13/60) and 21% (14/68) for the GPG and GPH groups, respectively, again with no significant intergroup differences. During the cool period pregnancy rate to first AI was not different between groups: 29% (20/70) for GPG and 32% (22/68) for GPH, respectively; whereas the cumulative pregnancy rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for the GPH groups than for the GPG group: 56% (39/70) and 78% (53/68), respectively. These findings indicate that during the warm period, the pregnancy rates of the cystic cows were similar whether they received GPG or GPH treatment, during the cool period, there is a beneficial effect to use hCG at day 9 of the ovsynch protocol compared GnRH on cumulative pregnancy rat
Effect of the administration of GnRH or hCG on time of ovulation and the onset of estrus-to-ovulation interval in sows in Thailand.
No full textAbstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the control of ovulation by the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at the onset of estrus. Thirty-three multiparous sows housed under tropical conditions and showing standing estrus within 5 days after weaning were included. The sows were allocated to three groups, spontaneous ovulation (control group, n = 10), induced ovulation using 750 IU hCG (hCG group, n = 10), and induced ovulation using 50 μg GnRH (GnRH group, n = 13). The hormones were given at the onset of estrus and the occurrence of ovulation was monitored every 6 h by transrectal ultrasonography. Data for weaning-to-estrus interval, onset of estrus-to-ovulation interval (EOI), and the length of estrus were recorded. All sows in the control and hCG groups ovulated, while 3 out of 13 sows treated with GnRH developed cystic ovaries (did not ovulate). Of those sows ovulating, the EOI of the hCG (40.2 ± 1.7 h) and GnRH (37.5 ± 3.3 h) groups were shorter than that of the control group (63.6 ± 9.6 h; P < 0.05). In conclusion, the administration of either hCG or GnRH at the onset of estrus can control time of ovulation but, at the dose employed, sows receiving GnRH may develop ovarian cysts
Fertility of swamp buffalo following the synchronization of ovulation by the sequential administration of GnRH and PGF(2)alpha combined with fixed-timed artificial insemination.
No full textThis study evaluated fertility in swamp buffalo after synchronization of ovulation combined with fixed time artificial insemination. At the start of the study, designated day 0, from a group of 98 female Thai swamp buffalo, 55 buffalo (heifers n° = 20 and cows n° = 35) were selected to be synchronized with GnRH (Day 0) followed by PGF 2alpha (Day 7) and a second treatment with GnRH (Day 9). All buffalo were inseminated at two fixed times 12 h and 24 h after the second injection of GnRH (Ovsynch+TAI group); a second group of 43 buffalo (heifers n° = 19 and cows n° = 24) were not treated and were artificially inseminated (AI) at natural estrus (AI group). Blood samples were taken 22 days after insemination to evaluate progesterone plasma levels. In the Ovsynch+TAI group, overall conception rate (CR; i.e. the number of cows with progesterone >4.0 ng/ml on day 22 after AI divided by the number of animals inseminated), was 38.1% and overall pregnancy rate (PR; i.e. the number of cows that were pregnant at day 50-60 after insemination divided by the number of animals inseminated), was 32.7%. In the AI group overall CR and PR was 34.9%.Within the Ovsynch+TAI group, CR and PR were reduced (P < 0.05) in heifers compared with cows (CR 15.0% vs. 51.4% for heifers and cows, respectively; PR 15.0% vs. 42.9% for heifers and cows, respectively). Within the AI group the efficacy of treatment was similar between heifers and cows (CR and PR 31.6% for heifers and 37.5% for cows).In conclusion, this study indicates that in swamp buffalo it is possible to synchronize ovulation and use timed artificial insemination with the Ovsynch+TAI protocol. © 2010 Elsevier Inc
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
Lipid profiles of sperm and seminal plasma from boars having normal or low sperm motility
No full textSperm plasma membrane lipids have an important role to play in determining membrane fluidity and sperm motility. The objective of the present study was to determine whether there are differences in the lipid and fatty acid (FA) composition of boar sperm and seminal plasma in the ejaculates of boars having different sperm motilities. Semen was collected from two groups of boars having normal (> 60%; n = 53) or low (< 60%; n = 53) motility sperm and the semen was evaluated for motility, morphology and vitality. The semen was then centrifuged to separate the sperm from the seminal plasma and both were kept at -20 °C until analyzed for lipid content and FA profile by gas chromatography. Total antioxidant status (TAS) of seminal plasma was determined using a commercial kit. There were differences (P ≤ 0.05) in sperm total lipids, cholesterol, saturated fatty acids (SFA), phospholipids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA between boars with normal and low motility sperm. Total lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, PUFA, DHA and n-3 PUFA were positively correlated with sperm motility, viability, normal morphology and normal plasma membrane. In contrast, SFA and the ratio of n-6: n-3 PUFA were negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with sperm motility, viability, normal morphology and normal plasma membranes. The TAS of seminal plasma from boars having normal motility sperm was higher (P ≤ 0.05) than that of boars having low motility sperm and TAS was positively correlated (P = 0.0001) with sperm motility, viability, normal morphology and normal plasma membranes. In summary, differences in sperm motility were related to n-3 PUFA content in the sperm plasma membrane and extracellular antioxidants in seminal plasma which protect sperm plasma membranes from lipid peroxidation during periods of oxidative stress.N. Am-in, R.N. Kirkwood, M. Techakumphu, W. Tantasuparu
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