1,721,008 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Descending pain modulation in a Kaolin-induced hydrocephalus rat model
Full text linkPain transmission at the spinal cord is modulated by descending actions that arise from
supraspinal areas which collectively form the endogenous pain control system. Two key
areas involved of the endogenous pain control system have a circunventricular location,
namely the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and the locus coeruleus (LC). The PAG plays a
crucial role in descending pain modulation as it conveys the input from higher brain
centers to the spinal cord. As to the LC, it is involved in descending pain inhibition by
direct noradrenergic projections to the spinal cord.
In the context of neurological defects, several diseases may affect the structure and
function of the brain. Hydrocephalus is a congenital or acquired disease characterized by
an enlargement of the ventricles which leads to a distortion of the adjacent tissues,
including the PAG and LC. Usually, patients suffering from hydrocephalus present
dysfunctions in learning and memory and also motor deficits. It remains to be evaluated if
lesions of the periventricular brain areas involved in pain control during hydrocephalus
may affect descending pain control and, herein, affect pain responses.
The studies included in the present thesis used an experimental model of hydrocephalus
(the rat injected in the cisterna magna with kaolin) to study descending modulation of pain,
focusing on the two circumventricular regions referred above (the PAG and the LC). In
order to evaluate the effects of kaolin injection into the cisterna magna, we measured the
degree of ventricular dilatation in sections encompassing the PAG by standard
cytoarquitectonic stanings (thionin staining). For the LC, immunodetection of the
noradrenaline-synthetizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was performed, due to the
noradrenergic nature of the LC neurons. In general, rats with kaolin-induced
hydrocephalus presented a higher dilatation of the 4th ventricle, along with a tendency to a
higher area of the PAG. Due to the validated role of detection the c-fos protooncogene as a
marker of neuronal activation, we also studied neuronal activation in the several subnuclei
which compose the PAG, namely the dorsomedial, dorsolateral, lateral and ventrolateral
(VLPAG) parts. A decrease in the numbers of neurons immunoreactive for Fos protein (the
product of activation of the c-fos protooncogene) was detected in rats injected with kaolin, whereas the remaining PAG subnuclei did not present changes in Fos-immunoreactive
nuclei. Increases in the levels of TH in the LC, namely at the rostral parts of the nucleus,
were detected in hydrocephalic animals. The following pain-related parameters were
measured, namely 1) pain behavioural responses in a validated pain inflammatory test (the
formalin test) and 2) the nociceptive activation of spinal cord neurons. A decrease in
behavioral responses was detected in rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus was detected,
namely in the second phase of the test (inflammatory phase). This is the phase of the
formalin test in which the motor behaviour is less important, which is important since a
semi-quantitative analysis of the motor performance of rats injected with kaolin indicates
that these animals may present some motor impairments.
Collectively, the results of the behavioral studies indicate that rats with kaolin-induced
hydrocephalus exhibit hypoalgesia. A decrease in Fos expression was detected at the
superficial dorsal layers of the spinal cord in rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus,
further indicating that hydrocephalus decreases nociceptive responses. It remains to be
ascertained if this is due to alterations in the PAG and LC in the rats with kaolin-induced
hydrocephalus, which may affect descending pain modulation. It remains to be evaluated
what are the mechanisms underlying the increased pain inhibition at the spinal dorsal horn
in the hydrocephalus rats. Regarding the VLPAG, the decrease in neuronal activity may
impair descending modulation. Since the LC has higher levels of TH in rats with kaolininduced
hydrocephalus, which also appears to increase the noradrenergic innervation in the
spinal dorsal horn, it is possible that an increase in the release of noradrenaline at the spinal
cord accounts for pain inhibition. Our studies also determine the need to study in detail
patients with hydrocephalus namely in what concerns their thresholds to pain and to
perform imaging studies focused on the structure and function of pain control areas in the
brain
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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