1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Systematic evaluation of evidence on cost-effectiveness studies in the ICU
No full textΕισαγωγή: Η εντατική θεραπεία αποτελεί τον πιο κρίσιμο πυλώνα των σύγχρονων συστημάτων υγείας, όπου συγκλίνουν η τεχνολογική καινοτομία, η εξειδικευμένη ιατρική γνώση και η ανάγκη για άμεση λήψη αποφάσεων υπό συνθήκες υψηλής αβεβαιότητας. Ωστόσο, η λειτουργία των Μονάδων Εντατικής Θεραπείας συνεπάγεται σημαντική οικονομική επιβάρυνση, αυξημένες απαιτήσεις σε ανθρώπινους και υλικούς πόρους και έντονες ψυχολογικές επιπτώσεις για ασθενείς, οικογένειες και επαγγελματίες υγείας. Στο επίκεντρο των προκλήσεων αυτών βρίσκεται η ανάγκη εξισορρόπησης μεταξύ της αποτελεσματικής κλινικής φροντίδας, της ορθολογικής διαχείρισης των πόρων και της διατήρησης της ανθρώπινης διάστασης της φροντίδας σε ένα ιδιαίτερα απαιτητικό περιβάλλον.
Σκοπός: Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή εξετάζει τις οικονομικές και ψυχοκοινωνικές διαστάσεις της εντατικής θεραπείας μέσα από τρεις αλληλοσυμπληρούμενες ερευνητικές ενότητες. Πρώτον, αποτιμάται η οικονομική επιβάρυνση της νοσηλείας ασθενών με COVID-19 στις ΜΕΘ, μέσω συστηματικής ανασκόπησης των μελετών κόστους. Δεύτερον, διερευνάται η σχέση κόστους–αποτελεσματικότητας παρεμβάσεων στη ΜΕΘ μέσα από συστηματική ανασκόπηση και μετα-ανάλυση οικονομικών αξιολογήσεων, με στόχο τον προσδιορισμό στρατηγικών που συνδυάζουν βέλτιστα κλινικά και οικονομικά αποτελέσματα. Τρίτον, διερευνώνται οι μακροχρόνιες οικονομικές, επαγγελματικές, ψυχολογικές και πνευματικές επιπτώσεις για τους συγγενείς φροντιστές ασθενών που νοσηλεύτηκαν σε ΜΕΘ, ώστε να κατανοηθεί η πολυδιάστατη επιβάρυνση που βιώνουν μετά τη νοσηλεία.
Μέθοδος: Οι δύο πρώτες ενότητες βασίστηκαν σε συστηματικές ανασκοπήσεις σύμφωνα με τις κατευθυντήριες οδηγίες PRISMA. Πραγματοποιήθηκαν αναζητήσεις σε διεθνείς βάσεις δεδομένων και εφαρμόστηκαν πρότυπα ελέγχου ποιότητας. Οι οικονομικές εκτιμήσεις τυποποιήθηκαν σε δολάρια ΗΠΑ, και όπου ήταν εφικτό, πραγματοποιήθηκε μετα-ανάλυση. Η τρίτη ενότητα αποτέλεσε μελέτη παρακολούθησης πέντε ετών, με δείγμα 92 συγγενών φροντιστών από αρχικό πληθυσμό 189 ατόμων. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν επικυρωμένα ψυχομετρικά εργαλεία (SCL-90-R, SpREUK, CD-RISC-10 κ.ά.) και εφαρμόστηκαν πολυμεταβλητά μοντέλα παλινδρόμησης και ανάλυση συστάδων (cluster analysis).
Αποτελέσματα: Η ανάλυση των οικονομικών δεδομένων ανέδειξε σημαντική διεθνή διαφοροποίηση του κόστους νοσηλείας στις ΜΕΘ λόγω COVID-19, με τιμές από 51.359 στην Πορτογαλία, γεγονός που αντικατοπτρίζει διαφοροποιήσεις στην οργάνωση και αποδοτικότητα των συστημάτων υγείας.
Η μετα-ανάλυση των οικονομικών αξιολογήσεων ΜΕΘ κατέδειξε ευρεία μεταβλητότητα των αυξητικών δεικτών κόστους-αποτελεσματικότητας (ICERs), από 69.346 ανά έτος ζωής που κερδήθηκε. Οι προληπτικές και οι παρεμβάσεις βασισμένες σε πρωτόκολλα αναδείχθηκαν ως οικονομικά κυρίαρχες, ενώ οι φαρμακολογικές και τεχνολογικές θεραπείες παρουσίασαν μικτή αποτελεσματικότητα ανάλογα με το πλαίσιο εφαρμογής.
Στην πρωτογενή έρευνα των συγγενών, η απώλεια εργασίας αναδείχθηκε ως ισχυρός προγνωστικός παράγοντας άγχους και εχθρότητας, ενώ η ανθεκτικότητα, η αναπλαισίωση και η συγχώρεση λειτούργησαν προστατευτικά. Η πνευματικότητα παρουσίασε διττό ρόλο, άλλοτε υποστηρικτικό, άλλοτε αντιδραστικό, ενώ η ανάλυση συστάδων εντόπισε τρεις διακριτές ομάδες φροντιστών, υψηλής, μέτριας και χαμηλής επιβάρυνσης.
Συμπεράσματα: Τα ευρήματα τεκμηριώνουν ότι η οικονομία της εντατικής θεραπείας εκτείνεται πέρα από τα όρια του νοσοκομείου, επηρεάζοντας το κοινωνικό και ψυχολογικό οικοσύστημα των ασθενών και των οικογενειών τους. Η ολοκληρωμένη προσέγγιση της διατριβής, από το μακροοικονομικό επίπεδο της δαπάνης, στο μεσοοικονομικό επίπεδο της αποδοτικότητας των παρεμβάσεων, έως το μικροκοινωνικό επίπεδο της εμπειρίας των φροντιστών, προσφέρει μια πολυδιάστατη θεώρηση της «αξίας» στη ΜΕΘ. Τα αποτελέσματα συμβάλλουν στη διαμόρφωση τεκμηριωμένων πολιτικών, στη βελτιστοποίηση της χρήσης πόρων και στην ανάπτυξη παρεμβάσεων που ενσωματώνουν οικονομική αποδοτικότητα, ψυχολογική υποστήριξη και πνευματική φροντίδα.Introduction: Intensive care represents the most critical pillar of modern healthcare systems, where technological innovation, specialized medical expertise, and the need for rapid decision-making under conditions of high uncertainty converge. However, the operation of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) entails a substantial economic burden, increased demands on human and material resources, and significant psychological impacts on patients, families, and healthcare professionals. At the core of these challenges lies the need to balance effective clinical care, rational resource management, and the preservation of the human dimension of care in a highly demanding environment.
Objective: This doctoral dissertation explores the economic and psychosocial dimensions of intensive care through three interrelated research sections. First, it assesses the economic burden of ICU hospitalization for COVID-19 patients through a systematic review of cost studies. Second, it investigates the cost-effectiveness of ICU interventions via a systematic review and meta-analysis of economic evaluations, aiming to identify strategies that optimally combine clinical and economic outcomes. Third, it examines the long-term economic, occupational, psychological, and spiritual consequences experienced by family caregivers of ICU patients, in order to better understand the multidimensional burden they face after hospitalization.
Methods: The first two sections were based on systematic reviews conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed in international databases, and standardized quality assessment protocols were applied. Cost estimates were converted to U.S. dollars, and where feasible, meta-analysis was performed. The third section was a five-year follow-up study including 92 family caregivers from an initial cohort of 189 participants. Validated psychometric tools (SCL-90-R, SpREUK, CD-RISC-10, among others) were used, and multivariate regression models and cluster analysis were applied.
Results: Analysis of the economic data revealed significant international variation in ICU hospitalization costs for COVID-19, ranging from 51.359 in Portugal, reflecting differences in healthcare system organization and efficiency.
The meta-analysis of ICU economic evaluations demonstrated wide variability in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), ranging from 69.346 per life-year gained. Preventive and protocol-based interventions emerged as economically dominant, whereas pharmacological and technological treatments showed mixed cost-effectiveness depending on the context of implementation.
In the primary caregiver study, job loss was identified as a strong predictor of anxiety and hostility, while resilience, reframing, and forgiveness functioned as protective factors. Spirituality displayed a dual role, sometimes supportive, sometimes reactive, while cluster analysis identified three distinct caregiver groups: high-, moderate-, and low-burden.
Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that the economics of intensive care extend beyond hospital boundaries, influencing the social and psychological ecosystem of patients and their families. The dissertation’s integrated approach, from the macroeconomic level of healthcare expenditure, to the mesoeconomic level of intervention efficiency, and the micro-social level of caregiver experience, offers a multidimensional perspective on the notion of “value” in intensive care. The results contribute to evidence-informed policymaking, optimization of resource allocation, and the development of interventions that integrate economic efficiency with psychological and spiritual care.16
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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