1,720,966 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Modifying astronauts' microbiome may enhance prevention from commensal bacteria caused infections at microgravity condition
No full text<p>A brief idea</p>
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Tuning of Human Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cell Function through Microbiota-Mediated T Cell Receptor Signals
No full textMucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of the T cell population defined by an invariant T cell receptor (TCR) that is stimulated by bacterial metabolites. These cells preferentially migrate to mucosal tissues such as gut, liver and skin. MAIT cells are activated by metabolites from the riboflavin (Vitamin B2) biosynthetic pathway that are presented by MHC class 1-related (MR1) molecules expressed on numerous of cell types including antigen presenting cells (APCs) and epithelial cells. The V alpha segment of MAIT TCRs is invariant and composed of Vα7.2, whereas the V beta portion can be variable. MAIT cells are present at very low levels in neonatal blood but significantly increase in adults and show very high variance in their frequency among individuals. While there is evidence that several pathogenic bacteria can activate MAIT cells and that one of their functions is to kill cells with intracellular bacteria, it remains unknown how they discriminate among thousands of commensal bacteria that can also produce Vitamin B2 metabolites. Further, the role of the TCR variable beta region in antigen recognition is still unclear. In this thesis project, we hypothesized that MAIT cells can be stimulated by bacteria that inhabit human mucosal tissues, and that this microbiota-MAIT cell interaction is one of the driving forces in their expansion and variation in the human population. In support of this hypothesis, we observed a reduced proportion of MAIT cells in the blood of perinatally HIV-infected children, which correlated with other microbiota-associated parameters including Th17 cells and inflammatory markers of microbiota alterations. However, it is unclear whether MAIT cells can discriminate bacterial species that reside in the human microbiota, which can produce the riboflavin intermediates. To address this, we developed an in vitro functional assay using human T cells engineered for MAIT-specific TCRs (eMAIT-TCRs) stimulated by MR1-expressing B cell lines presenting the bacterial metabolites. We then screened 47 microbiota-associated bacterial species from different phyla for their eMAIT-TCR stimulatory capacities. Only bacterial species that encoded a riboflavin biosynthesis pathway were stimulatory for MAIT-TCRs. Most species that were high-stimulators belonged to Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phyla, although with significant variance, whereas low/non-stimulator species were either Actinobacteria or Firmicutes. Furthermore, we determined a wide range of intra-species variation in eMAIT-TCR stimulation capacities of Staphylococcus epidermidis , a skin commensal, which suggests that bacteria can modulate the production capacities of MAIT-TCR stimulatory antigens. Remarkably, we also discovered that human T cells not only express low-levels of MR1 but can also present bacterial metabolites to MAIT cells in an MR1-restricted fashion and trigger TCR signaling to induce cytokine secretion (IFNγ and TNFα), albeit at lower levels. In conclusion, our findings revealed that MAIT cells could discriminate between MR1-restricted, bacteria-derived metabolites through their TCR signaling thresholds. This knowledge paves the way to elucidate the complexity of MAIT cell recognition and its response to the human microbiota, which establishes a framework to explore mechanistic or therapeutic approaches for maintenance of a healthy immunological equilibrium
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