44,879 research outputs found
Gyrofluid simulations of collisionless reconnection in the presence of diamagnetic effects
No full textInternational audienceThe effects of the ion Larmor radius on magnetic reconnection are investigated by means of numerical simulations, with a Hamiltonian gyrofluid model. In the linear regime, it is found that ion diamagnetic effects decrease the growth rate of the dominant mode. Increasing ion temperature tends to make the magnetic islands propagate in the ion diamagnetic drift direction. In the nonlinear regime, diamagnetic effects reduce the final width of the island. Unlike the electron density, the guiding center density does not tend to distribute along separatrices and at high ion temperature, the electrostatic potential exhibits the superposition of a small scale structure, related to the electron density, and a large scale structure, related to the ion guiding-center density
Hemifield pattern electroretinogram in ocular hypertension: comparison with frequency doubling technology and optical coherence tomography to detect early optic neuropathy
No full textAlessandro Finzi, Ernesto Strobbe, Filippo Tassi, Michela Fresina, Mauro Cellini Department of Specialized, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Ophthalmology Service, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Background: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of hemifield pattern electroretinogram (HF-PERG) for detecting early retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage in ocular hypertensive (OH) patients.Methods: Fifty-two OH patients (mean age 56±9.6 years) with an intraocular pressure (IOP) >21 mmHg were assessed. All subjects underwent HF-PERG, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and frequency doubling technology (FDT) visual field.Results: OH patients showed a significant increase of peak-time of the N95 (P=0.027) compared to controls. The amplitude of the N95 of the lower and upper HF-PERG showed significant differences (P=0.037 and P=0.023, respectively) between the two groups. A significant intraocular (P=0.006) and interocular (P=0.018) asymmetry of N95 amplitude was found. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed a sensitivity of 93% for the N95 of the lower HF-PERG, whereas full-field pattern electroretinogram (PERG) N95 peak-time had a sensitivity of 88%. In OH patients, we found a thinning of OCT - retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), especially in the superior and inferior quadrant, although not statistically significant, and a significantly higher FDT pattern standard deviation (FDT-PSD; P=0.001). In the OCT-RNFL inferior quadrant, a sensitivity of 82% was recorded. Finally, the sensitivity of the FDT-PSD was 92%.Conclusion: Our study shows that HF-PERG is a very sensitive test for detecting early damage of the RGC. Keywords: ocular hypertension, hemifield pattern electroretinogram, optical coherence tomography, frequency doubling technology 
Tassi di recidiva delle tecniche chirurgiche impiegate nel trattamento della cheratocisti odontogena: Revisione della letteratura
No full textIntroduzione: Il management chirurgico della cheratocisti odontogena (OKC) presenta una grande variabilità avente l'obiettivo di bilanciare la prevenzione delle recidive alla modalità chirurgica prescelta. Lo scopo di questa revisione della letteratura è quello di presentare le più recenti tecniche chirurgiche impiegate nel trattamento dell'OKC, evidenziandone i tassi medi di recidiva.
Materiali e Metodi: La ricerca è stata condotta attraverso i database PubMed (MEDIINE) e Scopus utilizzando le seguenti keywords: "keratocyst”, "odontogenic cysts', "oral surgey","recurrence" e "surgical management". Sono stati presi in considerazione gli articoli pubblicati negli anni dal 2017 al 2022 e l'ultima ricerca è stata effettuata il17 agosto 2022. La ricerca primaria ha identificato 142 articoli e, a seguito dell’applicazione dei criteri di inclusione ed esclusione, 19 articoli sono stati inclusi e analizzati nella presente revisione.
Risultati: Le modalità di trattamento accettate per I'OKC si possono suddividere in tecniche chirurgiche conservative e radicali. Tra le metodiche conservative, l'enucleazione (E) è consigliabile per tutte te OKC paracheratinizzate (OKCP)non sindromiche uniloculari con margini corticali intatti, senza comunicazione con la mucosa nasale e senza prossimità a strutture neurovascolari rilevanti, con un tasso medio di recidiva del 60%. Associando I'E all'ostectomia periferica (PO) i tassi di recidiva si riducono al26.7%. La cauterizzazione chimica con soluzione di Carnoy (CS), in associazione ad E, permette di ridurre il tasso di recidiva all6.7Yo, per le OKCP non sindromiche, al 25%, per le OKCP sindromiche, allo 0%, per le OKC ortocheratinizzate (OKCO). Eseguendo E + CS + p0 i tassi di recidiva variano dal4-3o/o, per le OKCP non sindromiche, allo 0%, per le OKCP sindromiche. Per le
OKCP o OKCO di grandi dimensioni, con perforazioni corticali, comunicazioni naso-sinusali e/o multiloculari, è consigliabile eseguire una marsupializzazione, avendo un tasso di recidiva variabile dell'11.5%, per le OKCP non sindromiche, e del 23.1%, per le OKCP sindromiche, allo 0%, per le OKCO. Nelle OKC associate a perforazioni cutanee, lesioni multiloculari, perforazioni corticali multiple con grave riassorbimento osseo e/o fratture patologiche, è consigliabile valutare l'adozione di tecniche chirurgiche radicali, con un tasso di recidiva dello 0%.
Conclusioni: L’JOKC, pur presentando alti tassi di recidiva, è
una lesione benigna e nella maggior parte le metodiche conservative consentono di ottenere dei risultati soddisfacenti. Nei casi in cui le metodiche conservative non sono sufficienti o in presenza di un estesa distruzione ossea, è necessario ricorrere alle procedure radicali
Effect of rotation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) with fonio (Digitaria exilis) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum) on Macrophomina phaseolina densities and cowpea yield
No full textMacrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal rot, causes great damage to cowpea in the Sahel. One of the few options to manage the disease is by cropping nonhosts that may reduce the soil inoculum below a damage threshold level. To test this, fonio (Digitaria exilis) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum) were cropped continuously for 3 years in plots with a natural infestation of 24-53 microsclerotia g(-1) soil at the onset of the experiment. Next, a susceptible cowpea variety was grown to quantify disease incidence and severity on these soils. Fonio and millet both reduced microsclerotial densities in soils from the first year onwards. Reductions under fonio (81% after the 2(nd) year; 86% after the 3(rd) year) were significantly stronger than under millet (56 and 66% for the 2(nd) and 3(rd) year respectively). Fonio was not infected by M. phaseolina, while the root systems of millet had low densities of microsclerotia. Cowpea yielded significantly more hay and pods after 3 years of fonio than of millet. Cowpea yields and disease incidence (dead plants) could be explained well by pre-planting microsclerotial densities. We conclude that rotation of cowpea with a gramineous crop may lead to a relatively fast decline of inoculum density. In the case of a high inoculum density, fonio can be grown for three years to reduce M. phaseolina densities in soi
A comparison of anti-lymphocyte immunotoxins containing different ribosome-inactivating proteins and antibodies
No full textImmunotoxins were prepared with several single-chain ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs type I) and with the A-chain of ricin linked to the F(ab')2 fragment of sheep anti-mouse IgG. The cytotoxic activity of these conjugates was tested on human lymphocytes pretreated with an anti-CD3 murine MoAb. The immunotoxins inhibited DNA synthesis in phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes with IC50s (concentrations causing 50% inhibition) ranging from 8.9 x 10-13 to 5.7 x 10-11 M (immunotoxins containing dianthin 32, saporin, pokeweed antiviral protein from seeds (PAP-S), bryodin, momordin, momorcochin, and trichokirin), 1 x 10-8 M (immunotoxin containing gelonin) and 5 x 10-9 M (immunotoxin containing ricin A-chain). The immunotoxin containing saporin linked to the anti-mouse IgG F(ab')2 fragment was also highly toxic to human lymphocytes pretreated with anti-CD2, -CD3, -CD5 and -CD45 MoAbs, with IC50s ≤ 10-11 M. Immunotoxins were prepared also with saporin linked to MoAbs against various CD antigens. The immunotoxin prepared with the anti-CD3 antibody had the highest specific cytotoxicity to human lymphocytes
The 1,2-dimethoxyethane - water solvent system. Viscokinetic and thermodynamic properties of viscous flow from -10 to 80 °C
No full textKinematic viscosity (v) has been measured for pure 1,2-dimethoxyethane, and for nine of its binary mixtures with water, covering the whole miscibility field, and working at 19 temperatures in the -10 less than or equal to t/degrees C less than or equal to 80 range. The properties investigated have been fitted by some empirical equations of the type v=v(T) and v=v(X(1)). Starting from the experimental viscosities, the thermodynamic parameters (Delta G*, Delta H*, Delta S*) of the viscous flow in these binaries have been obtained by applying the Eyring approach and the standard thermodynamic equations. Furthermore, the excess functions, such as v(E) and Delta G(*E) have been evaluated, showing the existence of quite strong specific interactions between the components, probably via hydrogen bonding and a dipolar network. Experimental variations in the Delta G(*E) quantity with temperature were very useful in order to depict and differentiate the trend in three well defined composition regions, namely M(I), M(II), and M(III), which are probably characterized by different patterns in molecular aggregation between similar and/or non similar species
Erratum to: Effect of moderate red wine intake on cardiac prognosis after recent acute myocardial infarction of subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Diabetic Medicine, (2006), 23, 9, (974-981), 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01886.x)
No full textIn an article by Marfella et al, the author name C. Saron is incorrect and should be listed as C. Sardu. Therefore the correct author list is: R. Marfella, F. Cacciapuoti, M. Siniscalchi, F. C. Sasso, F. Marchese, F. Cinone, E. Musacchio, M. A. Marfella, L. Ruggiero, G. Chiorazzo, D. Liberti, G. Chiorazzo, G. F. Nicoletti, C. Sardu, F. D'Andrea, C. Ammendola, M. Verza and L. Coppola.In an article by Marfella et al, the author name C. Saron is incorrect and should be listed as C. Sardu. Therefore the correct author list is: R. Marfella, F. Cacciapuoti, M. Siniscalchi, F. C. Sasso, F. Marchese, F. Cinone, E. Musacchio, M. A. Marfella, L. Ruggiero, G. Chiorazzo, D. Liberti, G. Chiorazzo, G. F. Nicoletti, C. Sardu, F. D'Andrea, C. Ammendola, M. Verza and L. Coppola
Transport and structural properties of alkali-metal bromides in 2-methoxyethanol solutions
No full textLimiting molar conductivity data for alkali-metal bromides MBr (M=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) in 2-methoxyethanol solutions at 19 different temperatures in the -10 less-than-or-equal-to t/degrees-C less-than-or-equal-to 80 range have been used to test some correlation functions. The LAMBDA0 values have been apportioned into individual ionic contributions (lambda0,i) using the tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate reference electrolyte method, and the temperature dependence of these quantities follows the equation of Speedy and Angell, lambda0,i = A0(T/T(S) - 1)gamma. The activation energies for ionic mobilities have been evaluated from the Arrhenius equation, providing evidence that in these solutions the ionic migration at 25-degrees-C of cations and anions follows the sequences Na+ < PPh4+ < Li+ congruent-to K+ < Rb+ < Cs+ and BPh4- < Br- respectively. Other quantities such as ionic radii in solution and solvation numbers have been derived by applying literature approaches
Tetrachloroethylene contamination on drinking water wells field in Pianura Padana
No full textSince 1997 the presence of Tetrachlorethylene (PCE) has been recognized in the drinking water wells field (DWWF) of the Pianura Padana plain. In this framework a detailed hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical study was performed to formulate a hypothesis on the origin of PCE contamination.
The studied system is a multilayer aquifer with four permeable horizons, made up of gravel and sandy-gravel, intercalated to low-permeable horizons (clay and silt). The drinking water wells field is composed by five wells that intercept all the four levels.
The first step of this investigation consisted of collecting information about location of potential pollutant sources like factories that might produce or use PCE, and of reconstruction of geological and hydrogeological features of studying area. In the second step, a field survey has been realized. Sampling waters from DWWF, domestic wells, piezometers and superficial waters around the area and measurement of piezometric levels have been carried out in February 2010. These levels were noted in static condition except for that of the main drinking well, which is continuously pumping.
Temperature, pH, Eh, electric conductivity and alkalinity were measured in the field, whereas major and minor ion (Cl -, SO42-, NO3-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cr TOT) and isotopic content (δ18O‰ e δ2H‰) were analyzed in the laboratory using routine methods. Tetrachlorethylene, trichlorethylene, benzene, carbon disulfide, 1,1,1-trichlorethane, dimethylsulfide, toluene, 1,1,1-trichlorethane, ethylbenzene were determined according to TASSI et alii (2008), in order to recognized hydrochemical facies and to mapping the concentration of PCE on field survey. The elaboration of piezometric levels allowed to understand the flow pattern of studying area in two extreme stress condition of the aquifer
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