32,964 research outputs found
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Aluminum-toxicity Tolerant and Sensitive Soybean Genotypes Assessed with Microsattelite Markers
Full text link<p>Analisis Diversitas Genetik Genotipe Kedelai Toleran dan<br />Peka Keracunan Aluminium Menggunakan Marka Mikrosatelit.<br />I Made Tasma dan Ahmad Warsun. Persilangan<br />dua genotipe kedelai dengan jarak genetik jauh menghasilkan<br />progeni dengan polimorfisme tinggi pada banyak lokus<br />yang memfasilitasi keberhasilan program pemuliaan dan pemetaan<br />karakter agronomi penting kedelai. Tujuan penelitian<br />ini untuk mengetahui diversitas genetik genotipe kedelai<br />toleran dan peka keracunan aluminium (Al), informasi diversitas<br />alel dan tingkat polimorfisme marka SSR dari genotipe<br />kedelai yang diuji, menentukan genotipe dengan jarak genetik<br />jauh sebagai tetua dalam pembentukan populasi pemetaan<br />karakter toleran Al, dan informasi diversitas genetik dalam<br />pemilihan tetua untuk program pemuliaan kedelai toleran<br />keracunan Al. Dua puluh empat genotipe kedelai toleran<br />dan peka keracunan Al dianalisis menggunakan 15 marka<br />SSR. Marka SSR lokasinya menyebar pada 14 kromosom kedelai.<br />Dendrogram dikonstruksi menggunakan Unweighted<br />Pair-Group Method Arithmatic (UPGMA) melalui program<br />Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate System (NTSYS) versi<br />2.1-pc. Diversitas genetik antara dua genotipe kedelai berkisar<br />antara 2-33,2%. Pada diversitas 33,2% uji klaster UPGMA<br />membagi genotipe menjadi 2 kelompok masing-masing terdiri<br />dari 19 dan 5 genotipe untuk kelompok 1 dan 2. Jumlah<br />alel SSR total 81dengan rata-rata jumlah alel per lokus SSR<br />4,4 dan rata-rata tingkat polimorfisme 0,55. Menggunakan diversitas<br />tertinggi 33,2% dua genotipe paling peka Al (B3293<br />dan B3442) dari kelompok 1 dan dua genotipe paling toleran<br />Al (B3462 dan B3851) dari kelompok 2 dipilih untuk membentuk<br />populasi pemetaan karakter toleran Al. Berdasarkan<br />nilai diversitas genetik tertinggi 33,2% banyak kemungkinan<br />kombinasi persilangan dapat dilakukan antara genotipe<br />toleran Al untuk pemuliaan kedelai toleran Al.</p></jats:p
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Jatropha Curcas Provenances Using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers
Full text link<p>Genetic Diversity Analysis of Jatropha Curcas<br />Provenances Using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic<br />DNA Markers. Dani Satyawan and I Made Tasma.<br />Jatropha curcas nuts are rich in oil that is higly suitable for<br />Hak Cipta © 2011, BB-Biogen<br />the production of bio-diesel or to be used directly in<br />modified diesel engines. The objective of this study was to<br />assess the extent of genetic diversity among 50 J. curcas<br />provenances and one accession of J. integerrima using<br />RAPD markers. The fifty J. curcas provenances were<br />collected from ecologically diverse regions of Indonesia, and<br />planted in the Pakuwon Experimental Station (Sukabumi,<br />West Java). Fourteen RAPD primers with 60-80% G+C<br />content were used in this genetic diversity analysis and<br />produced 64 bands with 95.7% polymorphism level. The<br />Polymerase Chain Reactions used to generate the RAPD<br />bands sometimes produced inconsistent and nonreproducible<br />results, necessitating the duplication of each<br />reaction to prevent scoring errors. Sixty one validated bands<br />were subsequently used for genetic diversity analysis using<br />Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic (UPGMA)<br />method and Dice coefficients. It was shown that the<br />similarity coefficients among the provenances ranged from<br />0.2 to 0.98 with an average similarity of 0.75. Dendrogram<br />analysis produced two major groups of provenances, with<br />one outlier from South Lampung. There was no tendency for<br />provenances originated from nearby regions to cluster<br />together in each group, and several provenances showed<br />more similarities with provenances originated from distant<br />regions. This pattern lent credence to reports that Jatropha<br />was introduced to Indonesia around four centuries ago and<br />was mainly spread by humans. Based on the mean<br />similarities among the accessions and their clustering<br />pattern, the genetic diversity of the Jatropha collection<br />appeared to be fairly low. Future additions of genetic<br />materials from more diverse genetic background will be<br />necessary to maintain the current progress of Jatropha<br />improvement program.</p></jats:p
Konstruksi dan Analisis Kualitas Pustaka Genom Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) untuk Sekuensing Genom Total
No full textSoybean is one of the most important agricultural commodities in the supply of food in Indonesia. However, the low of the national soybean productivity is a constraint in soybean cultivation in Indonesia. National soybean productivity can be increased by genetic improvement of plants. Whole genome sequencing and genomic analysis of soybean is one way to accelerate soybean breeding progress and improve understanding of genetic and genomic information of soybean. Purposes of this research were to construct genomic library of three Indonesian soybean genotypes (Tambora, B3293 and Grobogan) and analyze the quality of the genomic library on whole genome sequencing result. Construction of genomic libraries was carried out in vitro by attaching an adapter to the end of DNA fragments. Clasterization and sequencing of genomic library in this research were conducted by using cBOT claster generation dan Next Generation Sequencing HiSeq2000. Genomic libraries were constructed successfully sized 400 bp with a concentration of 23.20 ng/μL (Tambora), 64.50 ng/μL (B3293), and 21.20 ng/μL (Grobogan). Size and concentration of the constructed genomic libraries were suitable for whole genome sequencing. The total yield of bases generated from the sequencing was 50.1 x 109 bp. Cluster library produced during the process of genome sequencing was Q scores value above 30 was 88.6%. Error rate of base reading during the sequencing was 0.97%. Values of the cluster density, percent cluster PF, the intensity of the base, phasing percent, and prephasing percent generated from this research showed that the cluster quality of genomic libraries was of ideal category
Analisis Keragaman Genetik 22 Genotipe Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Menggunakan 20 Marka SSR untuk Pemilihan Tetua Persilangan
No full textAnalisis keragaman genetik dengan marka molekuler merupakan langkah awal yang penting dalam program pemuliaan kedelai, terutama pada pemilihan tetua persilangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis keragaman genetik dan jarak genetik 22 genotipe kedelai menggunakan 20 marka SSR untuk pemilihan tetua persilangan, serta analisis tingkat polimorfisme marka SSR yang digunakan. Uji keragaman genetik menunjukkan bahwa 20 marka SSR mampu membagi 22 genotipe kedelai menjadi 3 klaster utama pada koefisien 0.77. Empat aksesi introduksi (PI 159925, PI 471938, PI564718, dan PI 548631) dan sembilan varietas lokal (Grobogan, Anjasmoro, Tanggamus, Biosoy 11, Dega-1, Dena, Dering, Malabar dan Tambora) berpotensi menjadi tetua persilangan karena memiliki jarak genetik yang jauh. Seluruh marka SSR yang digunakan bersifat polimorfik dan sangat informatif dengan rentang nilai Polymorphisme Information Content (PIC) 0.87 – 0.96. Marka Satt131, Satt409, dan Satt100 merupakan marka yang paling baik digunakan untuk analisis
Gene Duplication to Reveal Adaptation Clue of Plant to Environmental Stress: A Case Study of NBS-LRR Genes in Soybean
No full text<p><strong>Gene duplication to reveal adaptation </strong><strong>clue</strong><strong> of plant to environmental stress: A case study of NBS-LRR genes in soybean. <em>Puji Lestari, Suk-Ha Lee</em></strong><strong><em>, I Made Tasma</em></strong><strong><em>, </em></strong><strong><em>and </em></strong><strong><em>Asadi</em></strong><strong>. </strong>Adaptive strategies of plant to stress are fine-tuned by adjusting several activities including molecular mechanism which involve duplicated genes responsive to environmental changes. Genes responsive to the environmental stresses which are retained after small scale duplication are part of plant genome duplication. However, less information of duplicated genes could be adaptive to environmental changes in plant. This review presents an overview of duplication events in plant genomes which impact to gene duplication in relation to environmental changes, gene duplication as an adaptation mechanism, a case of duplicated nucleotide binding site-<em>leucine</em>-<em>rich</em> repeat (NBS-LRR) genes in soybean, and the gene duplication implementation for plant breeding in Indonesia. Notably, genome duplication events generate gene duplication and contribute to adaptive evolution against environmental changes. Generalization of plants to adapt the stressful conditions also probably improves our understanding of gene duplication as a mechanism of adaptation. Several recently duplicated NBS-LRR genes in soybean retain disease resistance QTL and the differential expression convince their contribution to biotic stress resistance in soybean. Proposed models of NBS-LRR genes duplication process may help to understand these genes response to the environmental changes. The duplication of genes resistant to pest/disease particularly NBS-LRR provides important information to select breeding parents and develop molecular markers related to desease resistance to genetically improve soybean in Indonesia. Overall, it may therefore be possible to enhance breeding which targets on genes tolerance/resistance to abiotic/biotic stress, and provide a molecular basis for crop-stress protection strategy and more improved soybean varieties specified for harsh environment.</p></jats:p
Gen dan QTL Pengendali Toleransi Tanaman terhadap Keracunan Aluminium dan Aplikasinya untuk Pemuliaan Tanaman di Indonesia
No full text<p>Genetic knowledge of loci controlling Al toxicity tolerance is the key for a successful breeding program in developing Al<br />tolerant cultivars. Tolerance level of crop plants to Al toxicity is genetically controlled. The gene inheritance pattern is mainly<br />resulted from intensive studies of cereal crops, such as wheat, sorghum, maize, and rice. The trait can be controlled by a<br />single dominant gene, a single dominant gene with many alleles, a pair of dominant genes, or by many genes (QTL). The<br />majority of the Al tolerance genes identified so far belongs to two independent groups of gene families, i.e. aluminumactivated<br />malate transporter (ALMT) and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE), both encoding transport proteins<br />involved in Al-activated organic acid release, mainly citrate and malate. The variations in Al toxicity tolerance phenotypes are<br />strongly correlated with the expressions of such genes in the root apical cells. Many Al tolerance QTLs have been mapped in<br />the genomes of various crop species and were found to be colocated with the ALMT and MATE genes. The genetic maps of<br />the Al tolerance genes and QTLs facilitate breeding programs for developing Al-tolerant cultivars through marker-assisted<br />breeding methods. Al tolerance genes that have been isolated from genetically unrelated species can be used in genetic<br />transformation studies of crop genotypes sexually incompatible to the gene source genotypes. The application of these<br />molecular breeding methods expedites breeding programs to develop crop cultivars tolerance to Al toxicity and acid soils.<br />Genomic technologies by using next-generation sequencing and high-throughput genotyping system accelerate Al toxicity<br />tolerance gene and QTL discoveries of various crop species. The modern genomic technologies also facilitate more<br />comprehensive PGR characterization and utilization to accelerate identification and isolation of the Al tolerance genes and<br />QTLs to be used in a more comprehensive breeding program to support national food self sufficiency and food security<br />programs.</p></jats:p
Aplikasi Teknologi DNA untuk Akselerasi Program Pemuliaan Ketahanan Tanaman Kakao terhadap Hama dan Penyakit Utama
No full text<p>ABSTRACT<br />One of the main constraints on cacao cultivation is disease and insect pest attacks causing significant yield loss. The main insect pests and diseases on cacao plantation are cacao pod borer, cacao<br />fruit rot, vascular streak dieback and cacao mirids (Helopeltis spp.). Conventional breeding method to obtain new cacao clones resistant to insect pests and diseases is a slow process. It may take 1520 years to obtain a new superior clone. Applying DNA technology should expedite cacao breeding program. The article described the application of DNA technology currently available to expedite cacao breeding program for disease and insect resistance. Many genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of important traits have been discovered related to cacao plant productivity and yield quality, disease and insect pest resistance traits. Modern genomic technologies as well as DNA marker have also been applied in cacao breeding program. Genetic transformation technology has been explored its application for cacao improvement. With the development of modern genomic technology, important gene/QTL discoveries would be faster to accelerate insect pest and disease resistant cultivar development. All these new DNA technologies have been assessed their potential applications for coping important pest and disease and for yield improvement. DNA technologies, mainly MAS and genomic-data based breeding technologies are ready to be applied to support breeding programs for main pest and disease resistance to enhance Indonesian cacao productivity and quality.<br />Keywords: Cacao, disease and insect resistance, genomics, DNA markers, genetic transformation, marker-assisted breeding<br /><br /></p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Salah satu kendala utama dalam budi daya kakao ialah serangan hama dan penyakit. Hama dan penyakit utama kakao adalah penggerek buah kakao (PBK), busuk buah kakao (BBK), vascular streak dieback (VSD), dan cacao mirids (Helopeltis spp.). Kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman kakao secara konvensional berjalan lambat dan perlu waktu panjang. Untuk menghasilkan satu varietas unggul diperlukan waktu 15-20 tahun. Aplikasi teknologi DNA (genomika melalui pemuliaan berbantuan marka dan rekayasa genetik) dapat mempercepat program pemuliaan tanaman kakao. Tulisan ini mengulas teknologi DNA yang tersedia saat ini dan potensi aplikasinya untuk mempercepat pemuliaan kakao tahan hama dan penyakit. Penemuan marka DNA dan gen/quantitative trait loci (QTL) kakao berkembang cukup pesat. Banyak gen dan QTL karakter penting telah diidentifikasi yang terkait ketahanan hama dan penyakit serta produktivitas tanaman. Teknologi genomika dan pemanfaatan teknik marker-assisted selection (MAS) juga telah diaplikasikan untuk pemuliaan kakao termasuk untuk karakter ketahanan terhadap hama dan penyakit. Teknologi rekayasa genetik telah diteliti untuk menganalisis potensi pemanfaatannya dalam perbaikan bahan tanam kakao. Dengan berkembangnya teknologi genomika modern, penemuan gen/QTL unggul dapat dipercepat, lebih efisien dan komprehensif untuk mempercepat perakitan varietas unggul kakao tahan hama dan penyakit. Teknologi DNA khususnya MAS dan pemuliaan berbasis data genom siap diaplikasikan untuk mendukung program perbaikan ketahanan tanaman kakao terhadap hama dan penyakit utama dalam rangka peningkatan produktivitas dan mutu kakao nasional. <br /><br /></p></jats:p
Pendekatan Bioteknologi dan Genomika untuk Perbaikan Genetik Tanaman Jarak Pagar sebagai Penghasil Bahan Bakar Nabati
No full text<p>Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak nabati yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti minyak diesel. Tanaman yang dapat tumbuh pada kondisi lahan kurang subur ini menarik minat banyak pihak untuk mengekplorasi potensinya sebagai tanaman sumber energi yang ramah lingkungan. Namun, masih banyak kendala yang dihadapi dalam pembudidayaannya supaya dapat diusahakan secara ekonomis. Dari aspek bahan tanaman dan budi daya, saat ini tanaman jarak pagar masih belum banyak diketahui. Bahkan, jarak pagar masih dianggap sebagai tanaman yang belum didomestikasikan secara penuh seperti ditunjukkan oleh fakta bahwa sebagian besar genotipe jarak pagar di dunia bijinya toksik sehingga ampas bijinya yang kaya protein tidak dapat langsung digunakan sebagai pakan ternak. Kematangan buah tanaman ini tidak serempak yang menyebabkan biaya panen tinggi. Rasio bunga betina dan bunga jantan yang rendah menyebabkan produktivitas bijinya rendah. Biji jarak pagar mengandung asam lemak poli tidak jenuh yang konsentrasinya perlu diturunkan untuk meningkatkan mutu minyak diesel. Pengetahuan genomika memungkinkan untuk mengetahui komposisi genom, komposisi dan fungsi gen, dan pemetaan genetik (gen/QTL) unggul jarak pagar. Pemahaman ini diperlukan agar genetika tanaman jarak pagar dapat dimanipulasi secara sistematis. Teknologi rekayasa genetika potensial diaplikasikan untuk perbaikan: arsitektur tanaman, karakter agronomis, kualitas biji, produktivitas, dan kualitas minyak. Tujuan tulisan ini ialah mengulas tentang pendekatan bioteknologi dan genomika untuk perbaikan genetik tanaman jarak pagar. Aplikasi bioteknologi memungkinkan untuk mempercepat program pemuliaan tanaman jarak pagar. Dengan bahan tanaman unggul, jarak pagar dapat dibudidayakan sehingga bermanfaat secara ekonomis dengan mutu minyak yang cocok sebagai bahan baku biodiesel.</p></jats:p
Gen dan QTL Pengendali Umur pada Kedelai
No full text<p>Traits that control time of flowering and<br />maturity in soybean determine harvesting time of a soybean<br />cultivar. In Indonesia, early maturing soybean cultivars are<br />important at short period growing seasons due to the water<br />shortage in dry planting season. Shorter period of growing<br />season would increase the crop harvest index. Genetic<br />diversity of the present soybean germplasm collection is<br />low. Diversity improvement through introduction from<br />countries with four seasons faced difficulty due to<br />differences in growth adaptability. Technology for developing<br />germplasm with a broader adaptation will facilitate<br />germplasm movement from a more diverse environmental<br />growth. The objective of this review was to describe how<br />the time of flowering and maturity are controlled in soybean.<br />The review is supported by flowering time mechanism of<br />the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana as the genetics of<br />flowering time has been intensively studied in this model<br />plant. Transition from vegetative to reproductive development<br />is the outcome of the activation of genes responsible<br />for floral organ formation. Initial activation is generally the<br />result of environmental cues indicating the appropriate time<br />to flower. Studies from Arabidopsis showed that transition<br />from vegetative to reproductive stage is complex involving<br />many genes and several genetic pathways. In soybean, time<br />of flowering and maturity are controlled by at least nine<br />genes, E1 to E8 and Dt1. The genes interact with daylength<br />and temperature. Major and minor QTLs controlling the<br />traits were identified using various mapping populations.<br />The major QTLs were detected at various populations with<br />diverse genetic backgrounds tested at diverse environmenttal<br />conditions. Some of the QTLs were associated with the E<br />genes and some others were not. Several Arabidopsis<br />flowering gene homologous sequences were also mapped<br />on the soybean genome. The E gene markers and the QTLs<br />with large effect for reproductive traits are breeder targets<br />for breeding and development of soybean photoperiod<br />insensitive germplasm. Genes for flowering time isolated<br />from Arabidopsis can be used to develop transgenic<br />soybean with broader adaptation. Technology for development<br />of soybean germplasm with broader adaptation will<br />facilitate the soybean germplasm movement from diverse<br />environmental growth conditions to support systematic and<br />sustainable national soybean breeding programs.</p></jats:p
Not just for spies: managing multiple identities for fun and profit
Full text linkSocial networking and media sites such as Facebook and Twitter are the primary communication tools used by many of our clients and colleagues. They provide an excellent opportunity for frank two-way communication. Like spies portrayed in popular movies and TV shows, many of us who use these sites daily do not want our personal and professional lives to collide. Some information professionals even choose to completely avoid social networking sites out of privacy concerns. Fortunately, maintaining the separation is not as difficult as it may seem. This paper highlights a variety of strategies and tools that can be used to manage distinct personal and professional online presences, without becoming subject to confusion, being terminated or having to tie up loose ends. Examples will be drawn from the author’s own online presence as well as some other real-life cases where mistakes were made but successfully navigated
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